（《素问·奇病论》）
帝曰∶人有病头痛以数岁不已，此安得之？名为何病？（头痛不当数岁，故怪而为问。）岐伯曰∶当有所犯大寒，内
至骨髓，髓者以脑为主，脑逆故令头痛齿亦痛，病名曰厥逆。帝曰∶善。（髓以脑为主，诸髓皆属于脑也，故大寒至髓，
则上入头脑而为痛。其邪深，故数岁不已。髓为骨之充，故头痛齿亦痛。是因邪逆于上，故名曰厥逆。）
帝曰∶有癃者，一日数十溲，此不足也。身热如炭，颈膺如格，人迎躁盛，喘息气逆，此有余也。太阴脉细微如发
者，此不足也。其病安在？名为何病？（癃，小水不利也。一日数十溲，数欲便而所出不多也。如炭者，热之甚也。颈
言咽喉，膺言胸臆。如格者，上下不通，若有所格也。人迎躁盛者，足阳明动脉在结喉两旁，所以候阳也。喘息者，呼
吸急促也。气逆者，治节不行也。太阴脉微细者，即两手寸口之脉，所以候阴也。癃，良中切。溲音搜。）岐伯曰∶病在
太阴，（脾肺二脏皆属太阴，观下文复云颇在肺，则此节专言脾阴可知。如上文云太阴之脉细微者，正以气口亦太阴也，
藏气不足，则脉见于此。又《口问篇》曰∶中气不足，溲便为之变。今其癃而数十溲者，亦由中气之不足耳，故病在脾
阴。气口亦太阴义，详藏象类十一。）其盛在胃，（上文云身热如炭者，胃主肌肉也。颈膺如格者，胃脉循喉咙入缺盆下
膈也。人迎躁盛者，即《终始等篇》所云人迎一盛二盛三盛四盛且大且数名曰溢阳也。凡上三者，皆属阳明，故曰其盛
在胃。）颇在肺，（即喘息气逆也。）病名曰厥，死不治。（阴不入阳，故其盛在胃。阳不入阴，故太阴细微。病名曰厥者，
阴阳皆逆也。故死不可治。（此所谓得五有余、二不足也。）帝曰∶何谓五有余、二不足？岐伯曰∶所谓五有余者，五病
之气有余也；二不足者，亦病气之不足也。今外得五有余，内得二不足，此其身不表不里，亦正死明矣。（外得五有余者，
一身热如炭，二颈膺如格，三人迎躁盛，四喘息，五气逆也。内得二不足者，一癃而一日数十溲，二太阴脉细微如发也。
若此五病者，邪气有余也。二病者，正气不足也。欲泻其邪，则阴虚于里；欲补其虚，则阳实于外。救里不可，治表亦
不可，此不表不里之病，即阳证阴脉之类，有死而已，不能为也。）
黄帝问道：有人患头痛病，持续数年不愈，这是怎么得的？这种病叫什么名字？（头痛通常不会持续数年，因此对此感到奇怪而发问。）岐伯回答说：这应该是遭受了严重寒邪的侵袭，寒气深入骨髓。因为髓以脑为主，寒气上逆导致头痛，牙齿也会疼痛，这种病名叫厥逆。黄帝说：讲得好。（髓以脑为主，所有的髓都归属于脑，所以大寒侵入骨髓，就会向上进入头脑引起疼痛。病邪深重，所以几年都不痊愈。髓是骨骼的充养物质，所以头痛时牙齿也痛。这是因为邪气逆乱于上，所以名叫厥逆。）
黄帝问道：有一种癃闭患者，一天排尿几十次，这是正气不足的表现。身体发热像火炭一样，颈部和胸膺部位感觉像被格拒不通，人迎脉躁动盛大，喘息且气机上逆，这是邪气有余的表现。太阴脉细微得像头发一样，这也是正气不足的表现。这个病在哪里？叫什么名字？（癃，指小便不利。一天排尿几十次，是想频繁小便但排出的量不多。像火炭，形容热势很盛。颈指咽喉，膺指胸臆。像格拒，指上下不通畅，好像有什么东西阻隔。人迎脉躁动盛大，足阳明胃经的人迎穴位于结喉两旁，是用来候察阳气的。喘息，指呼吸急促。气逆，指肺的治节功能不行。太阴脉微细，即两手寸口脉，是用来候察阴气的。癃，读音为良中切；溲，读音为搜。）岐伯回答说：病在太阴脾脏，（脾和肺两脏都属于太阴，看下文又说“颇在肺”，那么这一节专门说的是脾阴。如上文说太阴脉细微，正是因为气口脉也属于太阴，脏气不足，脉象就表现在这里。又《口问篇》说：中气不足，大小便就会发生变化。现在他癃闭且一天排尿几十次，也是由于中气不足所致，所以病在脾阴。气口亦属太阴的道理，详见藏象类第十一节。）邪气盛在胃腑，（上文说身体发热像火炭，胃主肌肉。颈部和胸膺像被格拒，胃经循行经过喉咙，进入缺盆，向下穿过膈肌。人迎脉躁动盛大，就是《终始》等篇所说的，人迎脉大一倍、二倍、三倍、四倍且大而且数，名叫溢阳。以上三种情况，都属于阳明经，所以说邪气盛在胃。）病变主要在肺，（就是喘息和气逆的症状。）这种病名叫厥，预后不良，难以治愈。（阴气不能入于阳分，所以邪气盛在胃。阳气不能入于阴分，所以太阴脉细微。病名叫厥，是因为阴阳之气都逆乱了。所以死亡，无法治疗。这就是所谓的得五有余、二不足的证候。）黄帝问道：什么叫五有余、二不足？岐伯回答说：所谓五有余，是指五种病气有余；二不足，也是指病气不足。现在外有五种有余之邪，内有两种不足之正，这种病人的病位不在表也不在里，确实是死证无疑。（外有五种有余，一是身体发热像火炭，二是颈部和胸膺像被格拒，三是人迎脉躁动盛大，四是喘息，五是气逆。内有两种不足，一是癃闭且一天排尿几十次，二是太阴脉细微像头发。如果是这五种病，是邪气有余。如果是这两种病，是正气不足。想要泻除邪气，则里阴虚损；想要补益正气，则外阳实盛。救里不可行，治表也不可治，这种不表不里的病，就像阳证见阴脉一样，只有死路一条，无法救治。）
The Yellow Emperor asked: There is a person suffering from headache that has persisted for several years without relief. How did this condition arise? What is the name of this disease? (Headache typically does not last for several years, hence the inquiry out of surprise.) Qibo replied: This should be due to exposure to severe cold pathogen, which penetrated inward to the bone marrow. Since the marrow is governed by the brain, the counterflow of cold qi causes headache and also toothache. This disease is named Jue Ni (Reversal Counterflow). The Yellow Emperor said: Well said. (Marrow is governed by the brain, and all marrow belongs to the brain. Thus, when severe cold reaches the marrow, it ascends into the head and brain causing pain. Because the pathogen is deep-seated, it persists for years without healing. Marrow nourishes the bones, so when the head hurts, the teeth also hurt. This is because the pathogenic factor reverses upward, hence named Jue Ni.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: There is a patient with Long Bi (Dysuria/Urinary retention) who urinates dozens of times a day; this indicates deficiency. The body feels hot like a charcoal fire, the neck and chest feel obstructed or blocked, the Renying pulse (Renying acupoint pulse on Stomach Meridian) is restless and vigorous, there is panting and counterflow of qi; this indicates excess. The Taiyin pulse is fine and thin as a hair; this also indicates deficiency. Where is the disease located? What is its name? (Long refers to difficult urination. Urinating dozens of times a day means frequent urge but scant output. "Like charcoal" describes intense heat. Neck refers to the throat, Ying refers to the chest. "Like obstruction" means blockage between upper and lower, as if something is blocking. Renying pulse being restless and vigorous refers to the Foot-Yangming artery at the sides of the larynx, used to observe Yang. Panting refers to rapid breathing. Counterflow of qi refers to the failure of Lung's regulatory function. Taiyin pulse being fine and thin refers to the Cun Kou pulse at both wrists, used to observe Yin. Long is pronounced liang-zhong qie; Sou is pronounced sou.) Qibo replied: The disease is in the Taiyin Spleen, (Both Spleen and Lung belong to Taiyin. Observing the later text stating "partly in the Lung," this section specifically discusses Spleen Yin. As mentioned earlier, the Taiyin pulse being fine and thin occurs because the Qi Kou pulse also belongs to Taiyin; when Zang Qi is deficient, the pulse manifests here. Also, the *Kouwen* chapter states: Deficiency of Middle Qi leads to changes in urination and defecation. Now, his dysuria and frequent urination are also due to deficiency of Middle Qi, thus the disease is in Spleen Yin. The principle that Qi Kou belongs to Taiyin is detailed in Section 11 of Zangxiang Class.) The excess is in the Stomach, (As mentioned earlier, body heat like charcoal relates to Stomach governing muscles. Neck and chest obstruction relates to the Stomach meridian circulating through the throat, entering the Supraclavicular Fossa, and descending through the diaphragm. Renying pulse being restless and vigorous corresponds to the description in chapters like *Zhongshi*: Renying pulse one-fold, two-fold, three-fold, four-fold larger and rapid is named Yi Yang (Overflowing Yang). All these three conditions belong to Yangming, hence stated as excess in Stomach.) It is partly in the Lung, (Referring to panting and counterflow of qi.) The disease is named Jue (Reversal), and it is incurable/deadly. (Yin cannot enter Yang, hence excess in Stomach. Yang cannot enter Yin, hence Taiyin pulse is fine and thin. Named Jue because both Yin and Yang qi are reversed. Therefore, death is inevitable and treatment is futile. This is what is meant by obtaining five excesses and two deficiencies.) The Yellow Emperor asked: What do you mean by five excesses and two deficiencies? Qibo replied: The so-called five excesses refer to the excess of five pathological factors; the two deficiencies refer to the deficiency of pathological factors (or rather, deficiency of healthy qi amidst pathology). Now, externally there are five excesses, and internally there are two deficiencies. This patient's condition is neither in the exterior nor the interior, clearly indicating a fatal prognosis. (Externally, the five excesses are: one, body heat like charcoal; two, neck and chest obstruction; three, restless and vigorous Renying pulse; four, panting; five, counterflow of qi. Internally, the two deficiencies are: one, dysuria with dozens of urinations per day; two, Taiyin pulse fine and thin as a hair. These five conditions represent excess of pathogenic qi. These two conditions represent deficiency of healthy qi. To purge the pathogen would deplete the already deficient Yin inside; to tonify the deficiency would exacerbate the already excessive Yang outside. Rescuing the interior is impossible, treating the exterior is also impossible. This is a disease neither in exterior nor interior, similar to Yang syndrome with Yin pulse, leading only to death, beyond remedy.)