（灵枢背输篇 素问血气形志篇）
黄帝问于岐伯曰∶愿闻五脏之 ，出于背者。（灵枢背输篇全。五脏居于腹中，其脉气俱出于背之足太阳经，是为五
脏之 。故唐太宗读明堂针灸书云∶人五脏之系，咸附于背。诏自今毋得笞囚背，盖恐伤其脏气，则伤其命也。太宗之
仁恩被天下，于此可想见矣。其有故笞人背以害人者，呜呼！又何心哉？ 音恕，本经 、输、俞，三字俱通用。）岐伯
曰∶背中大 在杼骨之端，（大 ，大杼穴也，在项后第一椎两旁，故云杼骨之端。）肺 在三焦之间，心 在五焦之间，
膈在七焦之间，肝 在九焦之间，脾 在十一焦之间，肾 在十四焦之间，皆挟脊相去三寸所。（焦即椎之义，指脊骨
之节间也，古谓之焦，亦谓之 ，后世作椎。此自大 至肾 左右各相去脊中一寸五分，故云挟脊相去三寸所也。愚按∶
诸焦字义，非专指骨节为言，盖谓脏气自节间而出，以行于肉理脉络之分，凡自上至下皆可言焦。所以三焦之义，本以
上中下通体为言，固可因此而知彼也。）则欲得而验之，按其处，应在中而痛解，乃其 也。（此所以验取穴之法也。但
按其 穴之处，必痛而且解，即其所也。解， 软解散之谓。解音械。）灸之则可，刺之则不可。气盛则泻之，虚则补之。
以火补者，毋吹其火，须自灭也。以火泻者，疾吹其火，传其艾，须其火灭也。（此言五脏之 ，但可灸而不可刺也。不
惟针有补泻，而灸亦有补泻。凡欲以火补者，勿吹其火致令疾速，必待其从容自灭可也。凡欲以火泻者，必疾吹其火，
欲其迅速，即传易其艾，须其火之速灭可也。此用火补泻之法。）
欲知背俞，先度其两乳间，中折之，更以他草度去半已，即以两隅相拄也，乃举以度其背，令其一隅居上，齐脊大
椎，两隅在下，当其下隅者，肺之俞也。（素问血气形志篇。此亦取五脏之俞而量之有法也。背俞，即五脏之俞，以其在
足太阳经而出于背，故总称为背俞。其度量之法，先以草横量两乳之间，中半折折之，又另以一草比前草而去其半，取
齐中折之数，乃竖立长草，横置短草于下，两头相拄，象△三隅，乃举此草以量其背，令一隅居上，齐脊中之大椎，其
在下两隅当三椎之间，即肺俞穴也。度音铎。拄音主。令，平声。）复下一度，心之俞也。（复下一度，谓以上隅齐三椎，
即肺俞之中央，其下两隅，即五椎之间，心之俞也。度，如字，下同。）复下一度，左角肝之俞也，右角脾之俞也。复下
一度，肾之俞也。是谓五脏之俞，灸刺之度也。（复下一度，皆如前法，递相降也。按∶肝俞脾俞肾俞，以此法折量、乃
与前背 篇及甲乙经、铜人等书皆不相合，其中未必无误，或古时亦有此别一家法也。仍当以前背 篇及甲乙等书者为
是。）
（出自《灵枢·背输篇》和《素问·血气形志篇》）
黄帝向岐伯问道：我想了解五脏的腧穴，哪些是出于背部的。（《灵枢·背输篇》全文。五脏位于腹腔之中，它们的脉气都出于背部足太阳膀胱经，这被称为五脏的腧穴。所以唐太宗阅读《明堂针灸书》时说：“人的五脏系膜，都附着在背部。”于是下诏命令从今以后不得鞭打囚犯背部，大概是担心损伤其脏气，从而危及生命。唐太宗的仁爱恩德遍及天下，从这里就可以想见了。那些故意鞭打人背部以害人的，唉！他们又是什么心思呢？“腧”音shù，本经中“腧”、“输”、“俞”三个字通用。）
岐伯回答说：背部的大腧穴在大杼骨（第一胸椎棘突旁开处）的末端。（大腧，即大杼穴，位于项后第一椎两旁，所以说是在杼骨的末端。）肺腧在三焦（此处指脊椎节段）之间，心腧在五焦之间，膈腧在七焦之间，肝腧在九焦之间，脾腧在十一焦之间，肾腧在十四焦之间，都在脊柱两侧，距离脊柱约三寸。（“焦”即“椎”的意思，指脊骨的节间。古时候称为“焦”，也称为“燋”，后世写作“椎”。这里从大杼到肾俞，左右各距离脊柱中线一寸五分，所以说距离脊柱约三寸。我认为：“诸焦”字的含义，并非专指骨节而言，而是指脏气从节间发出，运行于肌肉纹理脉络的分野，凡是从上到下的部位都可以称为焦。所以“三焦”的意义，本来是指上、中、下贯通全身而言，确实可以通过这个来推知其他道理。）那么想要验证这些穴位，按压该处，如果感到疼痛缓解，那就是正确的腧穴。（这是验证取穴的方法。只要按压腧穴之处，必然疼痛且随之缓解，就是那个穴位。解，意为松软解散。解音xiè。）艾灸可以，针刺则不可以。邪气盛实就用泻法，正气虚弱就用补法。用火进行补法时，不要吹火，必须等待它自然熄灭。用火进行泻法时，要快速吹火，更换艾炷，必须让火迅速熄灭。（这是说五脏的腧穴，只可艾灸而不可针刺。不仅针刺有补泻之分，艾灸也有补泻之分。凡是想用火补的，不要吹火使其快速燃烧，一定要等待它从容地自然熄灭才行。凡是想用火泻的，必须快速吹火，使其迅速燃烧，随即更换艾炷，必须让火迅速熄灭。这是用火进行补泻的方法。）
想要知道背俞穴的位置，先测量两乳之间的距离，从中折半，再用另一根草量取减去一半后的长度，将这两根草的两端互相支撑形成三角形，然后举起这根长草去度量背部，令其一角居上，对齐脊柱的大椎穴，另外两个角在下，正对下方那个角的，就是肺的腧穴。（《素问·血气形志篇》。这也是取五脏之俞并加以测量的方法。背俞，即五脏的腧穴，因为它们位于足太阳膀胱经且出于背部，所以总称为背俞。其度量方法，先用草横量两乳之间，中间折半，又另取一根草比前一根草减去一半，取齐中间折半的数量，然后竖立长草，横置短草于下，两头相拄，形状像三角形的三个角，于是举起此草去量背部，令一角居上，对齐脊中的大椎穴，其下方的两个角对应第三椎之间，即是肺俞穴。度音duó，拄音zhǔ，令读平声。）再向下度量一次，是心的腧穴。（再向下度量一次，意思是以上方角对齐第三椎，即肺俞的中央，其下方的两个角，即第五椎之间，是心的腧穴。度，读原字音，下同。）再向下度量一次，左角是肝的腧穴，右角是脾的腧穴。再向下度量一次，是肾的腧穴。这就叫五脏的腧穴，也是艾灸和针刺的定位标准。（再向下度量一次，都按照前面的方法，依次递减。按：用这种方法折算测量肝俞、脾俞、肾俞，与前面的《背腧篇》以及《甲乙经》、《铜人腧穴针灸图经》等书都不相符，其中未必没有错误，或者是古代另有这一家之法。仍然应当以前面的《背腧篇》及《甲乙经》等书的记载为正确。）
(Lu Suo Beishu Pian from *Ling Shu* and Xue Qi Xing Zhi Pian from *Su Wen*)
The Yellow Emperor asked Qibo: I wish to hear about the Shu points (Back-Shu points) of the Five Zang organs, which ones emerge from the back. (Full text from *Ling Shu: Beishu Pian*. The Five Zang organs reside in the abdomen, and their meridian Qi all emerges from the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian on the back; this is referred to as the Shu points of the Five Zang organs. Thus, Emperor Taizong of Tang read in the *Mingtang Acupuncture Book*: "The connections of the human Five Zang organs are all attached to the back." He issued an edict that henceforth prisoners must not be whipped on the back, fearing that damaging their Zang Qi would endanger their lives. The benevolence and grace of Emperor Taizong extended over the world, which can be imagined from this. As for those who deliberately whip people on the back to harm them, alas! What kind of heart do they have? 'Shu' (pronounced shù), in the original classic, the characters 'Shu', 'Shu', and 'Yu' are used interchangeably.)
Qibo replied: The major Shu point on the back is at the end of the Dushu bone (the lateral aspect of the first thoracic vertebra). (The major Shu refers to the Dazhu [BL11] acupoint, located on both sides of the first vertebra behind the neck, hence it is said to be at the end of the Dushu bone.) The Fei Shu (Lung Back-Shu) is between the third Jiao (vertebral segment), the Xin Shu (Heart Back-Shu) is between the fifth Jiao, the Ge Shu (Diaphragm Back-Shu) is between the seventh Jiao, the Gan Shu (Liver Back-Shu) is between the ninth Jiao, the Pi Shu (Spleen Back-Shu) is between the eleventh Jiao, and the Shen Shu (Kidney Back-Shu) is between the fourteenth Jiao. All are flanking the spine, approximately three cun away from the midline. ('Jiao' here means 'Zhui' (vertebra), referring to the segments of the spinal column. In ancient times, it was called 'Jiao' or 'Jiao', and later written as 'Zhui'. From Dazhu to Shenshu, each side is 1.5 cun from the spinal midline, hence it is said to be about three cun from the spine. I observe that the meaning of the character 'Jiao' does not specifically refer to bone joints, but rather indicates that the Zang Qi emerges from the intersegmental spaces and travels through the muscle textures and meridian networks; any position from top to bottom can be referred to as Jiao. Therefore, the concept of 'San Jiao' (Triple Burner) originally referred to the upper, middle, and lower parts spanning the entire body, and indeed, one can infer others from this.) To verify these points, press the location; if pain is relieved upon pressing, then it is the correct Shu point. (This is the method for verifying acupoints. When pressing the Shu point, there must be pain followed by relief, indicating the correct location. 'Jie' means softening and dispersing. Pronounced xiè.) Moxibustion is permissible, but needling is not. If the Qi is excess, apply the reducing method; if deficient, apply the tonifying method. For tonification with fire, do not blow on the fire; wait for it to extinguish naturally. For reduction with fire, blow rapidly on the fire, replace the moxa cone, and ensure the fire extinguishes quickly. (This states that for the Back-Shu points of the Five Zang organs, only moxibustion is allowed, not needling. Not only needling has tonification and reduction methods, but moxibustion also does. For fire tonification, do not blow on the fire to make it burn fast; wait for it to extinguish calmly and naturally. For fire reduction, blow rapidly to make it burn fast, immediately replace the moxa cone, and ensure the fire extinguishes quickly. This is the method of using fire for tonification and reduction.)
To know the location of the Back-Shu points, first measure the distance between the two nipples, fold it in half, then use another grass stalk to measure a length reduced by half from the previous measurement. Support the two ends together to form a triangle, then lift this long grass stalk to measure the back, placing one corner at the top, aligned with the Dazhui (GV14) acupoint on the spine, and the other two corners at the bottom. The point directly below the lower corner is the Shu point of the Lung. (*Su Wen: Xue Qi Xing Zhi Pian*. This is also a method for measuring the Back-Shu points of the Five Zang organs. Back-Shu refers to the Shu points of the Five Zang organs; because they are located on the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian and emerge from the back, they are collectively called Back-Shu. The measurement method is as follows: first, horizontally measure the distance between the two nipples with a grass stalk and fold it in half. Then, take another grass stalk and compare it to the previous one, removing half its length, aligning with the number obtained from folding the previous stalk in half. Then, stand the long grass stalk vertically and place the short grass stalk horizontally underneath, supporting the two ends together, resembling the three corners of a triangle. Lift this grass assembly to measure the back, placing one corner at the top, aligned with the Dazhui point in the center of the spine. The two lower corners correspond to the space between the third vertebrae, which is the Feishu (BL13) acupoint. 'Duo' is pronounced duó, 'Zhu' is pronounced zhǔ, 'Ling' is pronounced with the flat tone.) Move down one measurement again, and this is the Shu point of the Heart. (Moving down one measurement means aligning the upper corner with the third vertebra, i.e., the center of Feishu; the two lower corners correspond to the space between the fifth vertebrae, which is the Xinshu (BL15) acupoint. 'Duo' is pronounced as written, same below.) Move down one measurement again; the left corner is the Shu point of the Liver, and the right corner is the Shu point of the Spleen. Move down one measurement again, and this is the Shu point of the Kidney. These are called the Shu points of the Five Zang organs, which serve as the standard for moxibustion and needling. (Moving down one measurement again follows the previous method, descending sequentially. Note: Measuring the Ganshu, Pishu, and Shenshu points using this method does not match the earlier *Beishu Pian*, nor the *Jia Yi Jing* or *Tong Ren* books. There may be errors therein, or perhaps this was a different school of thought in ancient times. It is still advisable to follow the records in the earlier *Beishu Pian* and *Jia Yi Jing* as correct.)