（素问五常政大论）
帝曰∶有毒无毒，服有约乎？（约，度也。禁服篇曰∶夫约方者，犹约囊也，囊满而弗约则输泄，方成有药则神与
弗俱。）岐伯曰∶病有久新，方有大小，有毒无毒，固宜常制矣。（病重者宜大，病轻者有小，无毒者宜多，有毒者宜少，
皆常制之约也。）大毒治病，十去其六，常毒治病，十去其七，小毒治病，十去其八，无毒治病，十去其九。（药性有大
毒、常毒、小毒、无毒之分，去病有六分、七分、八分、九分之约者，盖以治病之法，药不及病，则无济于事，药过于
病，则反伤其正而生他患矣。故当知约制，而进止有度也。王氏曰∶大毒之性烈，其为伤也多。小毒之性和，其为伤也
少。常毒之性，减大毒之性一等，加小毒之性一等，所伤可知也。故至约必止之，以待来证尔。然无毒之药，性虽平和，
久而多之，则气有偏胜，必有偏绝，久攻之则脏气偏弱，既弱且困，不可长也，故十去其九而止。）谷肉果菜，食养尽之，
无使过之，伤其正也。（病已去其八九而有余未尽者，则当以谷肉果菜饮食之类培养正气而余邪自尽矣。如藏气法时论曰，
毒药攻邪，五谷为养，五果为助，五畜为益，五菜为充者是也。然毒药虽有约制，而饮食亦贵得宜，皆不可使之太过，
过则反伤其正也。）不尽，行复如法。（如此而犹有未尽，则再行前法以渐除之，宁从乎慎也。）必先岁气，无伐天和。（五
运有纪，六气有序，四时有令，阴阳有节，皆岁气也。人气应之以生长收藏，即天和也。设不知岁气变迁而妄呼寒热，
则邪正盛衰无所辨，未免于犯岁气、伐天和矣，夭柱之由，此其为甚。又治其王气义，详本类前七。）无盛盛，无虚虚，
而遗人夭殃。（邪气实者复助之，盛其盛矣。正气夺者复攻之，虚其虚矣。不知虚实，妄施攻补，以致盛者愈盛，虚者愈
虚，真气日消，则病气日甚，遗人夭殃，医之咎也。）无致邪，无失正，绝人长命。（盛其盛，是致邪也。虚其虚，是失
正也。重言之者，所以深戒夫伐天和而绝人长命，以见岁气不可不慎也。）
黄帝问道：使用有毒或无毒的药物，服用时是否有节制呢？（“约”即限度。《禁服篇》说：约束方剂，就像捆扎口袋一样，口袋满了如果不捆扎就会泄漏，方剂配好药物如果不加节制，神气与药力就不能协同作用。）岐伯回答说：疾病有久病和新病的区别，方剂有大方和小方的不同，无论是有毒还是无毒的药物，都应当遵循一定的常规限度。（病情重的宜用大方，病情轻的宜用小方；无毒的药物用量可多些，有毒的药物用量应少些，这些都是常规的限度。）用大毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之六就停药；常用毒性的药物治疗疾病，病去十分之七就停药；小毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之八就停药；无毒药物治疗疾病，病去十分之九就停药。（药物性质有大毒、常毒、小毒、无毒之分，去除病邪有六分、七分、八分、九分的限度，这是因为治疗疾病的法则，如果药力达不到病所，则无济于事；如果药力超过病所，则会反而损伤人体的正气并产生其他祸患。所以应当知道节制的道理，进药和停药都要有度。王冰说：大毒的药性猛烈，它造成的伤害也多。小毒的药性平和，它造成的伤害少。常毒的药性，比大毒的药性低一等，比小毒的药性高一等，其伤害程度可以推知。所以到了规定的限度就必须停止，以等待后续的治疗。然而无毒的药物，虽然药性平和，但如果长期大量使用，也会导致气的偏盛，必然造成偏绝，长期攻伐会使脏气虚弱，既已虚弱又受困顿，不能长久维持，所以要病去十分之九就停止。）通过谷物、肉类、果实、蔬菜的饮食调养来彻底清除余邪，不要让治疗过度，以免损伤正气。（病邪已经去除了八九成而还有残余未清的，就应当用谷肉果菜等饮食来培养正气，余邪自然能完全清除。如《藏气法时论》所说：毒药攻逐邪气，五谷作为滋养，五果作为辅助，五畜作为补益，五菜作为充实。虽然毒药有节制的规定，但饮食也贵在适宜，都不能使之太过，太过反而会损伤正气。）如果病邪仍未清除干净，再按照前面的方法进行治疗。（像这样如果还有未清除干净的，就再次施行前法以逐渐消除它，宁可谨慎一些。）必须首先了解当年的岁气变化，不要违背自然的和谐之气。（五运有规律，六气有次序，四时有命令，阴阳有节律，这些都属于岁气。人体之气顺应岁气进行生长收藏，这就是天和。如果不知道岁气的变迁而胡乱地寒热用药，那么邪气和正气的盛衰就无法辨别，难免会触犯岁气、破坏天和，导致早夭的原因，这最为严重。另外关于治疗当令之气的义理，详见本类前第七部分。）不要使实证更实，不要使虚证更虚，从而给人留下夭折的灾殃。（邪气实的病人反而助长它，使其更实。正气虚的病人反而攻伐它，使其更虚。不知道虚实的情况，妄自施用攻补之法，导致实证更实，虚证更虚，真气日渐消耗，病气日渐加重，给人留下夭折的灾殃，这是医者的过错。）不要招致邪气，不要损耗正气，断送人的长寿生命。（使实证更实，就是招致邪气。使虚证更虚，就是损耗正气。之所以反复强调，是为了深刻告诫人们要防止破坏天和而断送人的长寿生命，以此说明对岁气不可不谨慎对待。）
The Yellow Emperor asked: Regarding the use of toxic and non-toxic medicines, is there a limit to their administration? ("Yue" refers to a limit. The *Jin Fu Pian* states: To constrain a prescription is like binding a bag; if the bag is full but not bound, it will leak. If a prescription is compounded with herbs but not constrained, the spirit and medicinal power cannot work together.) Qibo replied: Diseases vary in duration (new vs. chronic), and prescriptions vary in size. Whether the medicines are toxic or non-toxic, they should always adhere to standard regulations. (Severe diseases require larger prescriptions, while mild diseases require smaller ones; non-toxic medicines can be used in larger doses, while toxic medicines should be used in smaller doses. These are all standard limits.) When using highly toxic medicines to treat disease, stop when six-tenths of the disease is eliminated; when using moderately toxic medicines, stop when seven-tenths is eliminated; when using slightly toxic medicines, stop when eight-tenths is eliminated; and when using non-toxic medicines, stop when nine-tenths is eliminated. (Medicines are classified into highly toxic, moderately toxic, slightly toxic, and non-toxic categories. The limits for eliminating disease are six, seven, eight, and nine-tenths respectively. This is because the method of treatment dictates that if the medicinal strength does not reach the pathogen, it is ineffective; if it exceeds the pathogen, it damages healthy Qi and causes other complications. Therefore, one must understand the principle of restraint and regulate the administration and cessation of medicine. Wang Bing said: The nature of highly toxic medicines is fierce, causing much harm. The nature of slightly toxic medicines is mild, causing little harm. The nature of moderately toxic medicines is one degree less than highly toxic and one degree more than slightly toxic, so the extent of harm can be inferred. Thus, one must stop at the prescribed limit to await further conditions. However, although non-toxic medicines have a mild nature, long-term and excessive use leads to an imbalance of Qi, resulting in deficiency. Long-term attack weakens Zang-Fu Qi; once weak and exhausted, it cannot be sustained. Hence, one stops when nine-tenths of the disease is eliminated.) Use dietary nourishment from grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables to completely eliminate the remaining pathogens, ensuring no excess occurs that might damage healthy Qi. (When the pathogenic factor has been reduced by eight or nine-tenths but some remains, one should cultivate healthy Qi through diet such as grains, meats, fruits, and vegetables, allowing the residual pathogens to clear naturally. As stated in the *Zang Qi Fa Shi Lun*: Toxic medicines attack pathogens; five grains provide nourishment; five fruits assist; five animals benefit; five vegetables fill. Although toxic medicines have constraints, diet must also be appropriate. Excess in either case damages healthy Qi.) If the disease is not fully resolved, repeat the previous methods. (If there is still residue after following the above, repeat the prior methods to gradually eliminate it, preferring caution.) One must first consider the annual climate (Sui Qi) and not violate the harmony of Heaven (Tian He). (The Five Movements have order, the Six Qi have sequence, the Four Seasons have commands, and Yin and Yang have rhythm; these constitute Sui Qi. Human Qi responds to Sui Qi through growth, flourishing, harvesting, and storage, which is Tian He. If one ignores changes in Sui Qi and arbitrarily uses cold or heat therapies, the balance between pathogenic and healthy Qi cannot be distinguished, inevitably violating Sui Qi and damaging Tian He, leading to premature death. For details on treating dominant Qi, see Part Seven of this category earlier.) Do not reinforce excess (Sheng Sheng) and do not deplete deficiency (Xu Xu), thereby avoiding causing premature death to patients. (Reinforcing a patient with excess pathogenic factors makes the excess greater; attacking a patient with deficient healthy Qi makes the deficiency worse. Ignoring deficiency and excess and blindly applying tonification or purgation results in excess becoming more excessive and deficiency becoming more deficient. Healthy Qi diminishes daily, while pathogenic Qi intensifies, leaving patients vulnerable to premature death. This is the fault of the physician.) Do not invite pathogens and do not lose healthy Qi, thus preserving human longevity. (Making excess more excessive invites pathogens. Making deficiency more depleted loses healthy Qi. Repeating this emphasizes the warning against violating Tian He and cutting short human life, highlighting the necessity of caution regarding Sui Qi.)