（《素问·遗篇本病论》）
帝曰∶升降不前，晰知其宗，愿闻迁正，可得明乎？（晰音昔，明也。）岐伯曰∶正司中位，是谓迁正位。司天不得
其迁正者，即前司天以过交司之日，（新旧之交，大寒日也。）即遇司天太过有余日也，即仍旧治天数，新司天未得迁正
也。（新旧相遇，而旧者有余未退，仍治天数，则新者未得迁正。）
厥阴不迁正，即风暄不时，花卉萎瘁；（巳亥年，太阳未退位，则厥阴不迁正，风木失时，故有此变。卉音毁。）民
病淋溲，目系转，转筋喜怒，小便赤。（木失其正，肝经病也。）风欲令而寒由不去，温暄不正，春正失时。（木王于春，
其气不伸，故失时也。）
少阴不迁正，即冷气不退，春冷后寒，暄暖不时；（子午年，若厥阴不退位，则少阴不迁正，君火不正，故春多寒冷，
暄暖不能及时。）民病寒热，四肢烦痛，腰脊强直。（阳气不正，时多寒冷，故民为寒热烦痛等病。）木气虽有余，位不过
于君火也。（上年厥阴阴气，至本年初气之末，交于春分，则主客君火已皆得位，木虽有余，故不能过此。）
太阴不迁正，即云雨失令，万物枯焦，当生不发；（丑未年，若少阴不退位，则太阴不迁正，万物赖土以生，土气失
正，故当生不发。）民病手足肢节肿满，大腹水肿，填臆不食，飧泄胁满，四肢不举。（土气失和，脾经为病也。）雨化欲
令，热犹治之，温煦于气，亢而不泽。（君火有余，湿化不行也。）
少阳不迁正，则炎灼弗令，苗莠不荣，酷暑于秋，肃杀晚至，霜露不时；（寅申年，若太阴不退位，则少阳不迁正，
相火失正，故炎灼弗令，苗莠不荣，暑热肃杀，其至皆晚也。莠音有，似稷之草。）民病 疟骨热，心悸惊骇，甚时血溢。
（皆相火郁热之病。）
阳明不迁正，则暑化于前，肃杀于后，草木反荣；（卯酉年，若少阳不退位，则阳明不迁正，金为火制，故暑热在前，
肃杀在后。金令衰迟，故草木反荣。）民病寒热鼽嚏，皮毛折，爪甲枯焦，甚则喘嗽息高，悲伤不乐。（相火灼金，肺经
受病也。）热化乃布，燥化未令，即清劲未行，肺金复病。（清劲未行，金之衰也。）
太阳不迁正，则冬清反寒，易令于春，杀霜在前，寒冰于后，阳光复治，凛冽不作，氛云待时；（辰戌年，若阳明不
退位，则太阳不迁正，水正衰迟，故冬清反寒，易令于春。阴气不布故阳光复治，凛冽不作。）民病温疠至，喉闭嗌干，
烦燥而渴，喘息而有音也。（水亏金燥，故民为温疠烦燥，喘息有音之病。）寒化待燥，犹治天气，过失序，与民作灾。（寒
化须待燥去，犹得治天，但过期失序，则与民为灾也。他气皆然。）
帝曰∶迁正早晚，以命其旨，愿闻退位，可得明哉？岐伯曰∶所谓不退者，即天数未终，（天数未终，余气仍在，虽
遇交司，故犹不退位。）即天数有余，名曰复布政，故名曰再治天也，即天令如故而不退位也。（天数有余，应退不退，
故于新岁，犹行旧岁之令。）
厥阴不退位，即大风早举，时雨不降，湿令不化；（木制土，风胜湿也。）民病温疫疵废风生，民病皆肢节痛，头目
痛，伏热内烦，咽喉干引饮。（疵，黑斑也。废，肢体偏废也。风气有余，故为此温疫疼痛伏热诸病。疵音慈。）
少阴不退位，即温生春冬，蛰虫早至，草木发生；（君火再布温热盛行也。）民病膈热咽干，血溢惊骇，小便赤涩，
丹瘤 疮疡留毒。（皆火盛之病。）
太阴不退位而取，寒暑不时，埃昏布作，湿令不去；（太阴土气，王在四维，再治不退，故或寒或暑，其至不时，而
埃昏布作矣。）民病四肢少力，食饮不下，泄注淋满，足胫寒，阴痿闭塞，失溺小便数。（土气不退，湿滞在脾，故为四
肢少力，食饮不下等病。土邪伤肾，故为阴痿失溺等病。）
少阳不退位，即热生于春，暑乃后化，冬温不冻，流水不冰，蛰虫出见；（上年相火不退，故热生于春，后化迟留不
去也。）民病少气，寒热更作，便血上热，小腹坚满，小便赤沃，甚则血溢。（民病少气，热伤气也。赤沃，赤尿也。皆
相火之为病。）
阳明不退位，即春生清冷，草木晚荣，寒热间作；（金气清肃，阳和不舒，故寒热间作。）民病呕吐暴注，食饮不下，
大便干燥，四肢不举，目瞑掉眩。（呕吐暴注，食饮不下，清寒犯胃也，大便干燥，金之气也，木受金邪，肝筋为病，故
四肢不举，目瞑掉眩。此下独缺太阳不退位一条，古文之脱失也。）
帝曰∶天岁早晚，余以知之，愿闻地数，可得闻乎？岐伯曰∶地下迁正升天退位不前之法，即地土产化，万物失时
之化也。（天气三，地气亦三。地之三者，左间当迁正，右间当升天，在泉当退位也，若地数不前而失其正，即应于地土
之产化，皆万物失时之化也。旧本升字下无天字，失也，今增补之。）
（出自《素问·遗篇本病论》）
黄帝问道：六气升降受阻不前，我已知晓其根本原因，现在希望了解“迁正”的道理，能否讲得明白些？（“晰”音昔，意为明晓。）岐伯回答说：当值之气居于中位，这就叫做“迁正”。如果司天之气不能如期迁正，是因为前一年的司天之气在交接之日（新旧交替，即大寒日）过后，仍因太过有余而滞留；于是它继续按照旧的天数行使职权，导致新的司天之气无法迁正。（新旧之气相遇，但旧气有余未退，仍按旧天数治理，所以新气未能迁正。）
厥阴风木之气不能迁正，就会使春风温暖之令不时到来，花草树木枯萎凋零；（巳亥年，若太阳寒水之气未退位，则厥阴风木之气不能迁正，风木失去时令，因此出现这种变化。“卉”音毁，指草木。）百姓容易患淋证、小便不利，目系牵引转动，筋脉拘挛抽搐，情绪易怒，小便颜色深红。（这是木气失其正道，肝经发生病变的表现。风木欲行令而寒气未去，气候温暄不正，春季的时令特征丧失。）
少阴君火之气不能迁正，冷气就不会消退，春季寒冷过后又现严寒，温暖之时也不及时；（子午年，若厥阴风木之气不退位，则少阴君火之气不能迁正，君火不得其位，所以春季多寒冷，温暖不能按时到来。）百姓容易患寒热往来，四肢烦痛，腰脊僵硬挺直。（阳气不正，时节多寒冷，所以百姓出现寒热、烦痛等疾病。上年厥阴的阴气，到本年初气的末尾，交于春分时，主气与客气的君火都已得位，虽然木气仍有馀，但不能超越君火的地位。）
太阴湿土之气不能迁正，就会使云雨失其时令，万物干枯焦黄，该生发的不能生发；（丑未年，若少阴君火之气不退位，则太阴湿土之气不能迁正，万物依赖土气而生，土气失正，所以该生发的不能生发。）百姓容易患手足肢节肿胀，大腹水肿，胸膈胀满不想进食，完谷不化的泄泻，胁肋胀满，四肢无力抬举。（土气不和，脾经发生病变。雨化之令欲行，热气仍在制约，气候温煦却缺乏润泽。）
少阳相火之气不能迁正，就不能发挥炎热灼烧的作用，禾苗杂草不能繁荣，酷暑延至秋季，肃杀之气晚来，霜露出现不及时；（寅申年，若太阴湿土之气不退位，则少阳相火之气不能迁正，相火失正，所以炎热之令不行，禾苗杂草不荣，暑热与肃杀之气到来都晚。“莠”音有，似稷的草。）百姓容易患疟疾伴骨蒸潮热，心悸惊恐，严重时出现出血症状。（这都是相火郁结化热的病症。）
阳明燥金之气不能迁正，则暑热在前，肃杀在后，草木反而繁荣；（卯酉年，若少阳相火之气不退位，则阳明燥金之气不能迁正，金被火克制，所以暑热在前，肃杀在后。金令衰迟，所以草木反而繁荣。）百姓容易患寒热、鼻塞喷嚏，皮肤干枯，爪甲枯焦，严重时气喘咳嗽、呼吸声高，悲伤不乐。（相火灼伤肺金，肺经受病。热化之气布散，燥化之令未行，清劲之气未行，肺金再次受病。）
太阳寒水之气不能迁正，则冬季本该清冷反而寒冷异常，时令在春季发生改变，杀霜在前，寒冰在后，阳光复治，凛冽之气不作，雾气云层等待时机；（辰戌年，若阳明燥金之气不退位，则太阳寒水之气不能迁正，水气正衰迟，所以冬清反寒，时令移于春。阴气不布散，所以阳光复治，凛冽不作。）百姓容易患温疫流行，喉痹咽干，烦躁口渴，喘息有声。（水亏金燥，所以百姓患温疫、烦躁、喘息有声等病。寒化需待燥气去除，如同天气治理，但若过期失序，就会给百姓带来灾害。其他各气也是如此。）
黄帝问道：迁正的早晚，以此决定其旨意，我希望了解“退位”的道理，能讲明白吗？岐伯回答说：所谓“不退”，就是天数未尽，（天数未尽，余气仍在，即使遇到交接之日，仍然不退位。）也就是天数有余，名叫“复布政”，也叫“再治天”，即天的命令依然如故而不退位。（天数有余，应退而不退，所以在新年仍施行旧年的命令。）
厥阴风木之气不退位，就会大风早起，时雨不降，湿令不化；（木克土，风胜湿。）百姓患温疫、黑斑、肢体偏废，风气滋生，百姓皆患肢节疼痛，头目疼痛，伏热内烦，咽喉干燥想喝水。（“疵”是黑斑。“废”是肢体偏废。风气有余，所以产生这些温疫、疼痛、伏热等疾病。“疵”音慈。）
少阴君火之气不退位，就会在春冬两季产生温热，蛰虫早早出来，草木发芽生长；（君火再次布散温热，盛行不衰。）百姓患膈热咽干，吐血，惊恐，小便赤涩，丹瘤疮疡留毒。（都是火盛导致的疾病。）
太阴湿土之气不退位且被取用，寒暑不时，埃尘昏暗布作，湿令不去；（太阴土气，旺于四季末月，再次治理不退，所以或寒或暑，到来不及时，埃尘昏暗布作。）百姓患四肢无力，饮食不下，泄泻注下，淋证胀满，足胫寒冷，阳痿闭塞，失禁或小便频数。（土气不退，湿气停滞在脾，所以出现四肢无力、饮食不下等疾病。土邪伤肾，所以出现阳痿、失禁等疾病。）
少阳相火之气不退位，就会在春季产生热气，暑气后来才化生，冬季温暖不冻，流水不结冰，蛰虫出来见人；（上年相火不退，所以春季生热，后来的化生迟留不去。）百姓患气短，寒热交替发作，便血上部发热，小腹坚硬胀满，小便赤色如水，严重时出血。（百姓气短，是热伤气所致。“赤沃”指赤尿。都是相火导致的疾病。）
阳明燥金之气不退位，就会春季清冷，草木晚荣，寒热交替发作；（金气清肃，阳气不舒，所以寒热间作。）百姓患呕吐暴注，饮食不下，大便干燥，四肢无力抬举，眼睛昏花眩晕。（呕吐暴注、饮食不下，是清寒犯胃；大便干燥，是金之气；木受金邪，肝筋为病，所以四肢不举、目瞑掉眩。此处唯独缺少太阳不退位的条文，是古文的脱失。）
黄帝问道：天岁的早晚，我已经知道了，我希望了解地数的道理，能讲讲吗？岐伯回答说：地下之气迁正升天、退位不前的方法，就是地土产物的化生，万物失去时令的化育。（天气有三部分，地气也有三部分。地的三部分，左间应当迁正，右间应当升天，在泉应当退位。如果地数不前而失去正道，就应验在地土的产物化生上，都是万物失去时令的化育。旧本“升”字下没有“天”字，是错误的，现在增补上去。）
(From *Suwen: Yipian Benbing Lun*)
The Yellow Emperor asked: "When the ascending and descending [of the six Qi] are obstructed and do not proceed, I understand their root cause. I wish to hear about 'Qianzheng' (Transition to Position), can it be made clear?" (Xi means clear/understand.) Qibo replied: "When the ruling Qi occupies the central position, this is called 'Qianzheng'. If the Si Tian (Heavenly Ruler) Qi cannot transition to its position, it is because the previous year's Si Tian Qi, after the day of intersection (the exchange of old and new, which occurs on the Great Cold day), still remains due to excess and superabundance. Consequently, it continues to govern according to the number of days of the old cycle, and the new Si Tian Qi fails to transition." (When old and new Qi meet, but the old has excess and does not retreat, continuing to govern by its allotted days, then the new Qi cannot transition.)
If Jueyin (Liver/Gallbladder/Wind-Wood) fails to transition, the wind and warmth will not arrive in due season, causing flowers and plants to wither and die; (In Si-Hai years, if Taiyang (Bladder/Kidney/Cold-Water) does not retreat, Jueyin cannot transition. Wind-Wood loses its timing, hence these changes. Hui refers to plants.) The people suffer from strangury and difficult urination, traction of the eye meridians, tendon convulsions, irritability, and dark red urine. (This is Wood losing its proper state, indicating disease of the Liver meridian. Although Wind desires to issue its command, cold persists, making the warmth irregular and causing the Spring season to lose its proper timing.)
If Shaoyin (Heart/Pericardium/Ministerial Fire) fails to transition, cold air will not recede, leading to cold spells after spring chilliness, and warmth arriving irregularly; (In Zi-Wu years, if Jueyin does not retreat, Shaoyin cannot transition. Ministerial Fire is improper, hence spring is often cold, and warmth does not arrive on time.) The people suffer from alternating chills and fever, vexation and pain in the four limbs, and stiffness and rigidity of the waist and spine. (Yang Qi is improper, and the season is often cold, so the people suffer from chills, fever, vexation, and pain. Although Wood Qi may have excess, its position does not exceed that of Ministerial Fire. The Yin Qi of Jueyin from the previous year reaches the end of the first Qi of the current year, intersecting at the Spring Equinox, at which point both the host and guest Ministerial Fire attain their positions. Thus, although Wood has excess, it cannot surpass this.)
If Taiyin (Spleen/Stomach/Damp-Earth) fails to transition, cloud and rain will lose their command, causing all things to wither and dry out, preventing those that should sprout from doing so; (In Chou-Wei years, if Shaoyin does not retreat, Taiyin cannot transition. All things rely on Earth to grow; if Earth Qi is improper, growth is hindered.) The people suffer from swelling and fullness in the hands, feet, and joints; edema of the great abdomen; chest fullness preventing eating; undigested diarrhea; hypochondriac fullness; and inability to lift the four limbs. (Earth Qi is disharmonious, indicating disease of the Spleen meridian. The transformation of rain desires to act, but heat still controls it; the climate is warm but lacks moisture.)
If Shaoyang (Sanjiao/Gallbladder/Acrid-Fire) fails to transition, scorching heat will not issue its command, causing seedlings and weeds to fail to flourish; severe heat extends into autumn, killing frost arrives late, and frost/dew appear irregularly; (In Yin-Shen years, if Taiyin does not retreat, Shaoyang cannot transition. Acrid-Fire is improper, hence scorching heat does not act, seedlings/weeds do not flourish, and the arrival of summer heat and killing frost are delayed. You refers to a grass resembling Setaria.) The people suffer from malaria with bone-steaming fever, palpitations, and fright; in severe cases, hematemesis or epistaxis occurs. (These are all diseases caused by the stagnation and heat of Acrid-Fire.)
If Yangming (Large Intestine/Lung/Dry-Metal) fails to transition, summer heat transformation occurs first, followed by killing frost, causing grass and trees to flourish contrary to nature; (In Mao-You years, if Shaoyang does not retreat, Yangming cannot transition. Metal is controlled by Fire, so summer heat precedes and killing frost follows. The Metal command is delayed, so grass/trees flourish prematurely.) The people suffer from alternating chills and fever, nasal congestion and sneezing, dry skin, brittle nails, and in severe cases, wheezing, coughing, high-pitched breathing, sorrow, and unhappiness. (Acrid-Fire scorches Metal, causing disease in the Lung meridian. Heat transformation spreads, but Dryness transformation does not issue its command; thus, clear and crisp air does not circulate, and Lung Metal suffers again.)
If Taiyang (Bladder/Kidney/Cold-Water) fails to transition, winter clarity turns back to cold, changing the command for spring; killing frost appears early, deep ice forms later, sunlight returns to govern, biting cold does not arise, and misty clouds await their time; (In Chen-Xu years, if Yangming does not retreat, Taiyang cannot transition. Water Qi is weak and delayed, so winter clarity becomes cold, and the command shifts to spring. Yin Qi does not spread, so sunlight governs again, and biting cold does not arise.) The people suffer from the arrival of warm epidemics, throat obstruction and dryness, vexation, restlessness, thirst, and wheezing with audible sounds. (Water deficiency and Metal dryness cause the people to suffer from warm epidemics, vexation, restlessness, and wheezing with sounds. Cold transformation must wait for Dryness to depart, similar to heavenly governance; but if it exceeds its time and loses order, it brings disaster to the people. This applies to other Qi as well.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: "The timing of transition determines its principle. I wish to hear about 'Tuiwei' (Retreat from Position), can it be explained?" Qibo replied: "What is meant by 'not retreating' is that the number of heavenly days is not yet finished. (When heavenly days are not finished, residual Qi remains; even upon reaching the intersection day, it does not retreat.) It is also called 'excess of heavenly days,' named 'Fu Bu Zheng' (Restoring Governance), or 'Zai Zhi Tian' (Ruling Heaven Again). This means the heavenly command remains as before without retreating." (When heavenly days are in excess, it should retreat but does not, so in the new year, it still executes the orders of the old year.)
If Jueyin does not retreat, strong winds rise early, timely rains do not fall, and the Damp command does not transform; (Wood controls Earth, Wind overcomes Damp.) The people suffer from warm epidemics, black spots, paralysis, generation of Wind Qi, joint pain, headache, internal vexation from latent heat, and dry throat with desire to drink. (Ci refers to black spots; Fei refers to limb paralysis. Excess Wind Qi causes these warm epidemics, pain, and latent heat diseases. Ci sounds like ci.)
If Shaoyin does not retreat, warmth arises in spring and winter, hibernating insects arrive early, and grass/trees sprout; (Ministerial Fire distributes warmth again, prevailing vigorously.) The people suffer from diaphragmatic heat and dry throat, blood溢 (hemorrhage), fright, dark and scanty urination, danliu (erysipelas/swelling), sores, ulcers, and lingering toxins. (All are diseases of excessive Fire.)
If Taiyin does not retreat and is taken, cold and heat are irregular, dust and haze spread, and the Damp command does not cease; (Taiyin Earth Qi is prosperous at the four seasonal transitions; ruling again without retreating causes irregular cold/heat and spreading dust/haze.) The people suffer from weakness in the four limbs, inability to eat or drink, projectile diarrhea, strangury and fullness, cold calves, impotence and obstruction, urinary incontinence, or frequent urination. (Earth Qi not retreating leads to Damp stagnation in the Spleen, causing weakness and digestive issues. Earth pathogen injures the Kidney, causing impotence and incontinence.)
If Shaoyang does not retreat, heat arises in spring, summer transformation is delayed, winter is warm without freezing, flowing water does not ice, and hibernating insects appear; (Last year's Acrid-Fire did not retreat, so heat arises in spring, and subsequent transformation is delayed.) The people suffer from shortness of breath, alternating chills and fever, hematochezia and upper body heat, hardness and fullness of the lower abdomen, dark watery urine, and in severe cases, hemorrhage. (Shortness of breath is due to heat injuring Qi. Chiwo refers to dark urine. All are diseases of Acrid-Fire.)
If Yangming does not retreat, spring birth is clear and cold, grass/trees flourish late, and chills/heat alternate; (Metal Qi is clear and肃 (solemn/cold), Yang Qi is not comfortable, hence alternating chills/heat.) The people suffer from vomiting and projectile diarrhea, inability to eat/drink, dry stool, inability to move the four limbs, blurred vision, dizziness, and vertigo. (Vomiting/diarrhea and inability to eat are due to clear-cold invading the Stomach. Dry stool is due to Metal Qi. Wood is injured by Metal, causing Liver tendon disease, hence immobility and dizziness. The section on Taiyang not retreating is missing here, likely a textual loss in the ancient text.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: "I know the early and late years of Heaven. I wish to hear about the numbers of Earth, can you explain?" Qibo replied: "The method of Earth Qi failing to transition upward, ascend to Heaven, or retreat is manifested in the production and transformation of earthly products, where all things lose their seasonal transformations. (Heavenly Qi has three parts, and Earthly Qi also has three. The three parts of Earth are: the Left Interstitial Qi should transition, the Right Interstitial Qi should ascend to Heaven, and the Zai Quan (Underground) should retreat. If Earthly Qi fails to advance and loses its proper state, it corresponds to the production and transformation of earthly products, representing all things losing their seasonal transformations. In the old edition, the character 'Tian' (Heaven) was missing after 'Sheng' (Ascend); this is an error and has been added now.)"