典藏书目

Gao Shixi's commentary: The *Ling Shu: Guan Zhen* chapter states, "There are twelve categories of needling." The *Ling Shu: Ci Jie Zhen Xie* chapter states, "There are five categories of needling." "Chang" (Long/Extensive) means extensive. Thus, it is used to extensively discuss the needling methods of the five and twelve categories, hence called "Chang Ci Jie" (Chapter on Extensive Needling Categories). The Gao edition deleted the character "Lun". Danbo Jian'an notes: Here, "Chang" refers to the "Chang" in "chu lei er zhang zhi" (extending by analogy), as found in the *I Ching: Xi Ci*. Gao Shixi's annotation is correct. Ma Shi and Wu Kun interpreted it as meaning "superior in needling techniques," which is incorrect.

"Doctors who needle do not diagnose": Zhang Jingyue commented: Those skilled in needling do not necessarily have to wait for pulse diagnosis; by merely listening to the patient's account, their needle insertions will invariably hit the mark. This statement speaks from the perspective of mastering the divine efficacy of needling, and does not imply that all practitioners of needling generally dispense with diagnosis. The *Ling Shu: Jiu Zhen Er Shi Er Yuan* chapter further states, "Whenever one intends to use needles, one must first diagnose the pulse, observe the severity and ease of the Qi condition, and only then can treatment proceed." The principle here is clear.

"Listening to the patient's words": Wu Kun commented: Listen to the symptoms causing the patient's suffering, and then perform needling.

"Headache and pain": Gao Shixi commented: Because the pathology is located in the head, sudden pain occurs.

"To hide the needle within": Ma Shi commented: Regarding headache, the pathology lies in the brain. The brain is bone. Therefore, one must insert the needle deeply, as if hiding an object. Zhang Jingyue commented: "Zang" (Hide) means interior. It refers to inserting the needle deeply. Zhang Zhicong commented: "Zang" means concealed. It implies concealing the needle and performing hidden needling. Generally, the skin and flesh of the head are thinnest, easily reaching the bone; thus, one reaches the bone without damaging it. Danbo Jian'an notes: The meaning of the character "Zang" is unclear. Wu Kun deleted it based on the complete text, which seems plausible.

"Upper: Do not injure bone, flesh, or skin": Wu Kun noted: "Shang" (Upper) functions as "Zhi" (Stop). Connecting to the previous sentence, this is correct.

"The skin is the pathway": Ma Shi commented: The skin is the pathway where meridians and vessels traverse; it must not be injured. Danbo Jian'an notes: Wang Bing's annotation is correct.

"Yin Needling": Ma Shi commented: According to the *Ling Shu: Guan Zhen* chapter, "The fifth is Yang Needling" (*Ling Shu* writes "Yang"). Yang Needling involves inserting one needle centrally and four needles laterally, superficially, to treat widespread cold pathogenic factors. The tenth is Yin Needling. Yin Needling involves simultaneous needling on both left and right sides to treat Cold Jue (Cold Reversal). The posterior aspect of the ankle is where the Shaoyin meridian resides. The method of Yin Needling described in this chapter is actually the method of Yang Needling; thus, "Yang" was erroneously written as "Yin" in the original text. Zhang Jingyue and Gao Shixi share this view.

"Great Zang": Wu Kun's version reads "Ben Zang" (Root Zang). The commentary states: When cold-heat pathogens are deep and focus exclusively on one Zang organ, one should seek its root Zang for needling. Danbo Jian'an notes: Ma Shi, Zhang Jingyue, etc., following Wang Bing, interpret this as the Five Zang organs, which is correct.

"Gathering Point of Zang": Wu Kun commented: Needling acupoints proximate to the Zang organs, because these points are where Zang Qi gathers.

"The essence of combining and needling": The Gao edition moved "Han Re Qu" (Cold-Heat depart) to the next sentence and "Ci Zhi" (Needle it) to the next sentence. The commentary states: "Zhi Yu Ci Zhe" means stopping when the disease is addressed. Wherever "Zhi" (Stop) appears below, it refers to stopping the needling. Whether Yang or Yin needling, the general principle is that upon withdrawing the needle, one should aim for superficial extraction of blood to unblock the collaterals. Danbo Jian'an notes: The character "Yu" is inappropriate. Gao Shixi's explanation is somewhat coherent.

"Small amount of blood": The *Jia Yi Jing* reads "Er" (And). We follow the *Jia Yi Jing*.

"Deep insertion": Ma Shi commented: "Shen" (Deep) should be "Qian" (Superficial). Wu Kun commented: Fuzhong (Putrid swelling) refers to external swelling. Large indicates Yang toxin, with shallow pathology; small indicates Yin toxin, with deep pathology. Needling should also be guided by the size and depth of the lesion. Zhang Jingyue agrees. Gao Shixi commented: "Duo Xue" (Much blood) refers to abundant pus and blood. Large abscesses have much blood and should be needled superficially. Small ones are small abscesses. If the abscess is small and unruptured, the toxic qi is internal, so deep needling is required. Danbo Jian'an notes: Changing "Xue Xiao Zhe" (Small amount of blood) to "Er" (And) based on the *Jia Yi Jing* makes the meaning clear without needing complex interpretation.

"Pifu HT": Ma Shi commented: In the *Nei Jing*, characters with the "meat" radical are often replaced by those with the "bone" radical, and vice versa. Thus, "HT" can be read as "Juan". In *Zuo Zhuan*, Duke Huan VI, Sui Ji Liang advised against pursuing the Chu army, but the Duke spoke of sacrificial animals being "Tu Fei" (fat/plump). "Tu" also means fat. "Pifu Juan" was originally not an acupoint name. My opinion is that from the thick and fleshy skin of the lower abdomen downwards, one should take points within the lower abdomen until the end. Zhang Jingyue commented: It should be "Pi Bi". "Bi" means bone end. This likely refers to the Zhangmen and Qimen acupoints of the Foot Jueyin Liver Meridian, both located at the ends of the transverse ribs. Points extending down to the lower abdomen include Tianshu and Guilai of the Foot Yangming Stomach Meridian, Fushhe and Chongmen of the Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian, and Qixue and Siman of the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, all treating Ben Tun (running piglet) and accumulations. Wu Kun also reads "Juan", commenting that it should be the end of the ribs, the domain of the Dabao point. Danbo Jian'an notes: "HT" cannot be verified in dictionaries. Xiong Zongli's pronunciation is "Tu Gu Qie", likely corresponding to the character "Juan" (pronounced Tu). Ma Shi's theory is based on this. Zhang Zhicong agrees. The New Correction cites commentators reading it as "Pifu Juan" with the rhyme "Ku Mo Fan". Examining the pronunciation notes at the end of the volume, it is "Guang Mo Qie". Zhang Jingyue follows this. "Juan" in *Ji Yun* means bone end. We retain Zhang Jingyue's annotation.

"Between the fourth vertebrae on both sides": Ma Shi commented: These are the Back-Shu points of the Hand Jueyin Pericardium. Zhang Jingyue and Gao Shixi agree. Wu Kun commented: They should be the location of the Gaohuang acupoints. Zhang Zhicong agrees. Danbo Jian'an notes: The *Qian Jin Fang* records that Jueyin Shu is below the fourth thoracic vertebra, 1.5 cun lateral to both sides. The *Jia Yi Jing* does not record this, so Wang Bing stated: Based on the classic, there is no such Shu point, indicating it did not exist in ancient classics.

"Qia": Xiong Zongli's pronunciation: Upper tone "Ya Fan" refers to the lumbar bone; lower tone "Liao Fan" refers to the Juliao acupoint, according to Wang Bing's meaning. Danbo Jian'an notes: "Qia" is also written as "KT". *Yu Pian* defines it as the lumbar bone. Wang Lv's *Xiao Yi Fu* says: "The waist is above the Jian bone; below the Jian bone, the coccygeal vertebrae can be measured." The lumbar bone is called Wan (Wu Lao Qie). Above Wan is KT. Cheng Ying's *Yi Gou* states: The horizontal bone above the coccyx is the Yao Lan bone. Above the Yao Lan bone is the Yao bone, also named Wan (Yao sound). Above Wan is KT. Shen Tong's *Shi Gu* states: Above the sacrum, flanking the spine from the 17th to the 20th segment where bones arise, it is called the Yao Ke bone, also called Liang Huai. Adjacent to the thighs on the sides are the Jian bone, Da Gu, and Qia. Following *Yu Pian* and Wang Bing's note, Shen Tong's theory is correct. The *Jia Yi Jing* records: Juliao is 8.3 cun below Zhangmen, above the Jian bone. (Should be "below", error for "above"). In the depression.

"Intercostal space of the costal margin": Ma Shi cited Wang Bing's note on Jingmen, writing Zhangmen. Zhang Zhicong followed this, which may be erroneous. The *Jia Yi Jing* states: Jingmen is below the Jian bone. (Should be "above", error for "below"). One cun eight fen below the costal margin, flanking the spine in the waist.

"Guiding Qi in the abdomen": Wu Kun commented: Dao means to guide. Guiding the hot Qi in the abdomen downward into the lower abdomen will cure the disease.

"Between the lower abdomen and the thighs": Gao Shixi commented: Chongmen acupoint. Danbo Jian'an notes: The *Jia Yi Jing* states: Chongmen is 5 cun above Daheng, below Fushhe, between the two ends of the Genggu bone. Commentators do not specify the acupoint name, identifying them as Liver and Kidney meridian points.

"Between the lumbar ke bones": Ma's edition lacks the character "Gu". Zhang Jingyue commented: Any large, flat bone in the posterior or lateral waist is called a Ke bone. The posterior ones are traversed by the Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian; the lateral ones by the Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian. Gao Shixi commented: Lateral to the exterior below the 13th thoracic vertebra, the Huangmen acupoint. Danbo Jian'an notes: Gao Shixi's annotation is incorrect.

"Disease arises, tendons become hot": Zhang Zhicong commented: When tendons relax, the disease arises; when tendons become hot, the disease resolves. Gao Shixi commented: Proper needling causes the disease to arise and tendons to become hot. When tendons become hot due to the disease arising, the disease resolves. Stop needling when the disease resolves. Danbo Jian'an notes: Gao Shixi's explanation is coherent. Wu Kun deleted the characters "Bing Qi".

"Large Fen and Small Fen": Ma Shi commented: The *Qi Xue Lun* states: "The great convergence of flesh is called Gu"; thus He Gu, Yang Gu, etc., are Large Fen. "The small convergence of flesh is called Xi"; thus Jie Xi, Xia Xi, etc., are Small Fen.

"Abscess arises or changes": The *Guan Zhen* chapter states: "If needling is too deep for a superficial disease, it damages healthy flesh internally, causing the skin to form an abscess." Wu Kun commented: Changing the normal state. Ma Shi commented: An abscess should arise, but other changes occur.

"All Fen areas alternating cold and heat": Gao Shixi commented: If the disease is in the Yang meridians and alternates cold and heat, the pathogenic factor has invaded the meridians. If the Fen areas alternate cold and heat, the pathogenic factor has invaded the muscle intervals. The pathogen in the muscle intervals and the pathogen in the meridians combine, and the disease is named Kuang (Mania). Danbo Jian'an notes: The four characters "Qie Han Qie Re" (Alternating cold and heat) in the preceding text are suspected to be interpolations.

"Named Kuang": Zhang Jingyue commented: Alternating cold and heat indicates Yang pathogens disturbing Blood and Qi; extreme heat generates cold. Thus, the disease manifests as Kuang (Mania).

"One attack per year, untreatable": Zhang Jingyue commented: Excess Yin leads to Dian disease. Attacks once a year or once a month indicate deep Qi and distant pathways, with a rooted cause, making it difficult to treat. Attacks four or five times a month are acute diseases; they come quickly and leave quickly, and are treatable.

"If there is no cold": Ma Shi commented: If there is no cold, it is a sign of recovery. Zhang Jingyue commented: If there is no cold, the Dian disease still involves Yang pathogens; one should use tonification or sedation with needles to regulate it. According to the *Jia Yi Jing*: When needling various Fen areas, if the pulse is particularly cold, use the tonifying needle method. This refers to Yin syndromes.

"Suffering from Wind, alternating cold and heat": Ma Shi commented: This corresponds to the Cold-Heat syndrome described in the *Feng Lun*. Wu Kun commented: Jin (Hot) sweating indicates that cold has departed, leaving only heat, resulting in sweating. Shuo guo means several times. Needling the Fen areas and collateral vessels requires multiple insertions. If sweating occurs but cold and heat persist, the pathogen is strong and the pathology is deep, unable to be resolved in a day or night. One must needle every three days for one hundred days until resolution.

"Great Wind": Ma Shi commented: Also called Li (Leprosy/Malignant Wind) in the *Feng Lun* and the *Si Shi Qi* chapter of *Ling Shu*. Li sounds like Lai (Leprosy).

"Needle the muscle": Zhang Jingyue commented: To drain toxicity from the Yang division, allowing wind to scatter through sweat.

"Needle the bone marrow": Zhang Jingyue commented: To drain wind-toxicity from the Yin division.

"Stop needling when eyebrows and beard grow": Wu Kun commented: When wind-toxicity is exhausted and Ying and Wei Qi are restored, eyebrows and beard regrow, and needling stops. Gao Shixi commented: After two hundred days, completing twenty cycles of the Heavenly Stems, when eyebrows and beard grow, stop needling.