名解：下，与上三髎穴相对所处为下也。髎，孔隙也。下中髎名意指膀胱经的地部经水由此从体表流入体内。本穴物质为膀胱经上部经脉下行的地部水液，至本穴后，由本穴的地部孔隙从地之天部流入地之地部，故名下髎。
功能作用：疏导水液，健脾除湿。
注：上、次、中、下髎四穴的主治病证基本相同，其功用为通行水液，在治病取穴时当按不同情形对证取穴。以上四穴中上髎穴调节的经水量大，用时当为体表大寒或体内大热之状，而下髎穴调节的经水量最小，用时当为体表微寒或体内微热之状。余类推。
35会阳
别名：利机。
名解：1）会阳。会，会合、交会也。阳，阳气也。会阳名意指膀胱经经气由此会合督脉阳气。本穴物质为下髎穴传来的地部剩余经水，其量也小，至本穴后吸热气化为天部之气，此气与督脉外传的阳气会合后循膀胱经散热下行，穴内气血的变化特点是天部的阳气相会，故名会阳。
2)利机。利，便利也。机，机关也，巧妙也。利机名意指本穴向臀部输送阳气。本穴物质为膀胱经与督脉的阳气会合而成，阳热之气不光循膀胱经而传输，亦向穴外的臀部传输，臀部受此阳热之气后方能灵活自如，如同方便的活动机关一般，故名利机。
运行规律：由本穴循膀胱经传于上下二部及传于臀之各部。
功能作用：散发水湿，补阳益气。
36承扶
名解：1）承扶。承，承担、承托也。扶，扶助也。承扶名意指膀胱经的地部经水在此大量蒸发外散。本穴物质为膀胱经下行的地部经水和经水中夹带的脾土微粒，由于膀胱经经水在上、次、中、下髎四穴处大部分流落于地之地部，至本穴后气血物质实已变为经水与脾土微粒的混合物。气血物质在本穴的变化为吸热气化，水湿气化上行于天部，脾土微粒则固化于穴周，固化的脾土物质质干坚硬，能很好地承托并阻止随膀胱经经水流失的脾土，故名承扶。
2)肉郄。肉，肌肉也，脾土也。郄，孔隙也。肉郄名意指膀胱经气血物质中的脾土微粒在此运行缓慢。本穴物质为水液与脾土物质的混合物，其运行变化为水液气化而脾土屯固，脾土的运行量小，如从小孔中运输一般，故名肉郄。
3)阴关。阴，阴液也，地部经水也。关，关卡也。阴关名意指膀胱经的地部水在此被关卡不能下行。理同承扶名解。
4)皮部。皮部，天部也，气也。皮部名意指膀胱经经水在此气化为天部之气。理同承扶名解。
功能作用：燥湿生气。
治法：寒则先泻后补或补之灸之或点刺出血，热则泻针出气或水针。
注：臀部是人体肌肉最为丰满之处，它之所以丰满，是由于有膀胱经经水对脾土微粒的运化以及本穴对脾土物质的固化作用，但这只是原因之一。原因之二则是人体自身重力场的作用，人体大系统重力场的中心在三焦中的二肾，远者为高、为外，近者为低、为内，而脾土物质属阴中之太阴，在人体重力场的作用下它无法从腰臀部的低地势外走足膝部的高地势，因此脾土物质会屯固于人之臀部。
37殷门
名解：殷，盛大、众多、富足也。门，出入的门户也。殷门名意指膀胱经的地部水湿在此大量气化。本穴物质为承扶穴脾土中外渗而至的地部水湿，至本穴后，水湿分散于穴周各部并大量气化，气血物质如充盛之状，故名殷门。
运行规律：循膀胱经上行。
功能作用：燥湿生气。
38浮郄
名解：浮，阳也、气也。郄，孔隙也。浮郄名意指膀胱经经气在此各至天之天部。本穴物质为委阳穴传来的水湿之气，至本穴后因吸热而上至天之天部，但因膀胱经气血性本寒湿，即使吸热其所上行天之天部的气态物也少，如从孔隙中上行一般，故名浮郄。
运行规律：循膀胱经上行并散热冷降。
功能作用：清热降温。
名解：1）委阳。委，堆积也。阳，阳气也。委阳穴名意指膀胱经的天部阳气在此聚集。本穴物质为委中穴传来的水湿之气，至本穴后因吸热而化为天部阳气，阳气在本穴为聚集之状，故名委阳。
2)三焦经合穴。本穴的气血物质为天部的阳气，富含水湿，其性同于三焦经气血之性，且聚集于穴内，故为三焦经合穴。
功能作用：益气补阳。
治法：寒则先泻后补或补之灸之，热则泻之。
40委中合穴，属土。
名解：1）委中。委，堆积也。中，指穴内气血所在为天人地三部的中部也。委中名意指膀胱经的湿热水气在此聚集。本穴物质为膀胱经膝下部各穴上行的水湿之气，为吸热后的上行之气，在本穴为聚集之状，故名委中。
2)腘中。指本穴所在部位为腘窝横纹处中点，故名。
3)郄中。郄，孔隙也。中，指穴内气血所在为天人地三部的中部也。郄中名意指膀胱经气血在此聚集，出入缓慢。本穴物质为膀胱经膝下部各穴上行的水湿之气，在本穴为聚集之状，气血的输出输入皆较缓慢，如从孔隙中出入一般，故名郄中。
4)血郄。血，指本穴的气血物质为受热后变成的红色液体也。郄，孔隙也。血郄名意指本穴气血为膀胱经水湿吸热后的气化之气，亦即是血的气态物。
5)膀胱经合穴。本穴物质为膀胱经气血汇合而成，故为膀胱经合穴。
6)本穴属土。属土，指本穴气血运行变化表现出的五行特征。本穴物质为天部的湿热水气，在本穴为聚集之状，有土的不动之义，故其属土。
运行规律：大部分散热冷降后归于地部，小部分吸热后上行委阳穴。
功能作用：分清降浊。
41附分
名解：附，随带、附带也。分，分开、分出也。附分名意指膀胱经的气血物质在此形成一条经脉的附属分支。
运行规律：循膀胱经上输头颈。
治法：寒则补之或微灸之，热则泻针出气。
注：附分至秩边各穴所在的膀胱经经脉与紧邻脊骨的膀胱经经脉相比较，此为分支，紧邻脊旁的膀胱经为正经。分支中各穴比正经中对应的各穴气血偏于阳热干性，正经则水湿稍重，分支气血稍弱，正经则气血较强。从功能作用看，分支作用于肩背外侧强，而正经作用上下前后部强，分支与正经对应各穴功用又大体相似。
42魄户
别名：魂户。
名解：1）魄户。魄，肺之精也，气也。户，出入的门户也。魄户名意指本穴出入的气血为来自肺脏的阳热之气。本穴物质和肺俞穴一样，皆为来自肺脏的外输之气，但因本穴与肺俞穴相比处于更外更高处，气血物质为比肺俞穴更为干燥的阳热之气，属于肺之精气，故名魄户。
2)魂户。魂，肝之精也，风气也。户，出入的门户也。魂户名意本穴出入的气血为横行的风气。本穴物质为肺脏外输的干热阳气，所处为天之天部，其运行为横向上行，表现出风木的特性，故名魂户。
运行规律：循膀胱经横向上行。
功能作用：外散肺脏之热。
治法：寒则补之灸之，热则泻之。
43膏肓
穴义：肓膜中的脂类物质由此外输膀胱经。
名解：膏，膏脂、油脂也。肓，心脏与膈膜之间也。膏肓名意指膜中的脂类物质由此外输膀胱经。穴外输膀胱经的气血物质为心脏与膈膜之间的膏脂（此膏肓由五谷精微所化），故名膏肓。（膏脂为提供心火燃烧之柴薪，在火热作用下所处为液态，今心室燃烧后气化蒸发的部分在胸腔内压的作用下随湿热之气外渗体表膀胱经，故名膏肓。）
运行规律：热气循膀胱经上行，膏脂出体表后散热降下行。
功能作用：散热排脂。
治法：寒则补之或多灸，热则泻针出气。
注：膏盲穴对应的膀胱正经穴位为厥阴俞穴，它们的气血物质皆来自心室之外卫心包之中。厥阴俞穴的气血物质以较高温度的水湿之气为主要特征，而膏盲穴的气血物质则以干热的阳气和脂类物质为主要特征。之所以会出现这种情况，是因为膏盲穴所处为外、为高，穴内环境的温度比厥阴俞穴要低，膏脂之物在厥阴俞穴的较高温度场中不会凝固，而到了本穴的较低温度场中之后则会散热冷却凝固。脂类物质在本穴的散热冷凝为本穴气血变化的主要特征，故名之为膏盲。
44神堂
名解：神，心神也，心气也。堂，古指宫室的前面部分，前为堂、后为室，堂为阳、室为阴。神堂名意指心室的阳热之气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：循膀胱经上传。
功能作用：外散心室之热。
治法：寒则补之灸之，热则泻针出气。
45譩譆
别名：五胠俞。
名解：1）譩譆。譩譆者，压按本穴病者呼出之声也，无它意。
2)五胠俞。五，五脏六腑之代称。胠，古战阵右翼的名称也。俞，输也。五胠俞名意指体内的纯阳之气由此外输膀胱经。本穴物质为督脉外传的阳热之气，而督脉的阳热之气由五脏六腑的精微物质所生化，本穴所受的纯阳之气也即是五脏六腑的纯阳之气，故名五胠俞。
运行规律：循膀胱经上行。
功能作用：外散体内之热。
治法：寒则补之灸之，热则泻之。
46膈关
名解：膈，心之下、脾之上也。关，关卡也。膈关名意指膈膜中的阳气由此上输膀胱经。
功能作用：外散膈膜之热。
47魂门
名解：魂，肝之神也，阳热风气也。门，出入的门户也。魂门名意指肝脏的阳热风气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：循膀胱经上行。
48阳纲
名解：阳，阳气也。纲，网上之总绳也。阳纲名意指胆腑的阳气由此外输膀胱经。阳纲穴与胆俞穴相对，气血物质皆来自胆腑，胆腑气血处半表半里，而本穴又在背外之侧，穴内物质为胆腑外输的阳热风气，此阳热风气即是脏腑外输的阳气汇聚而成，有对体内外输的阳气抓总提纲作用，故名阳纲。
运行规律：由本穴散输于肩背各部。
功能作用：散热降火。
49意舍
名解：意，脾之神也，脾气也。舍，来源也。意舍名意指脾脏的热燥阳气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：循膀胱经上行。
功能作用：外散脾脏之热。
治法：寒则补而灸之，热则泻针出气。
50胃仓
名解：胃，胃腑也。仓，存贮聚散之所也。胃仓名意指胃腑的湿热阳气由此外输膀胱经。本穴物质为来自于胃腑的湿热阳气，至本穴后，因受人体重力场的作用，湿重而热的阳气既不能上行又不能下行，湿热阳气屯留于本穴之中，故名胃仓。
运行规律：由穴内向穴外缓慢扩散。
功能作用：外散胃腑之热。
51肓门
【名解】：下，是指与上髎、次髎、中髎这三个穴位相对位置处于下方的意思。髎，意为孔隙。下髎穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的地部经水由此通过体表的孔隙流入体内。本穴的气血物质来源于膀胱经上部经脉下行至此处地部的液态水液，到达本穴后，通过这些地部的孔隙，从地之天部（地表浅层）流入地之地部（深层土壤/组织），因此命名为下髎。
功能作用：疏导水液，健脾祛湿。
治法：若属寒证，则采用通调之法并施灸，或点刺出血；若属热证，则采用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
注：上髎、次髎、中髎、下髎这四个穴位的主治病证基本相同，其功用均为通行水液。在临床取穴时，应根据不同病情对证选取。在这四个穴位中，上髎穴调节的经水量最大，适用于体表大寒或体内大热的情况；而下髎穴调节的经水量最小，适用于体表微寒或体内微热的情况。其余穴位依此类推。
35 会阳
别名：利机。
名解：1）会阳。会，指会合、交会。阳，指阳气。会阳穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的经气由此与督脉的阳气会合。本穴的气血物质是由下髎穴传来的地部剩余经水，其量较少，到达本穴后，吸收热量气化成为天部之气，这股气与督脉外传的阳气会合后，沿着膀胱经散热下行。穴内气血的变化特点是天部的阳气相会，因此命名为会阳。
2）利机。利，指便利。机，指机关、巧妙之处。利机穴的名称含义是：本穴向臀部输送阳气。本穴的气血物质由膀胱经与督脉的阳气会合而成，这种阳热之气不仅沿着膀胱经传输，也向穴外的臀部传输。臀部受到这种阳热之气的作用后才能灵活自如，就像方便的活动的机关一样，因此命名为利机。
运行规律：由本穴沿着膀胱经传于上下两部及臀部的各个部位。
功能作用：散发水湿，补益阳气。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
36 承扶
名解：1）承扶。承，指承担、承托。扶，指扶助。承扶穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的地部经水在此大量蒸发外散。本穴的气血物质是膀胱经下行的地部经水以及经水中夹带的脾土微粒。由于膀胱经的经水在上髎、次髎、中髎、下髎四穴处大部分已流落于地之地部，到达本穴后，气血物质实际上已经变成了经水与脾土微粒的混合物。气血物质在本穴的变化过程是吸收热量气化，水湿气化上行至天部，而脾土微粒则固化在穴位周围。固化的脾土物质质地干硬，能够很好地承托并阻止随膀胱经经水流失的脾土，因此命名为承扶。
2）肉郄。肉，指肌肉，也指脾土。郄，指孔隙。肉郄穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经气血物质中的脾土微粒在此运行缓慢。本穴的气血物质是水液与脾土物质的混合物，其运行变化表现为水液气化而脾土屯积稳固，脾土的运行量小，如同从小孔中运输一般，因此命名为肉郄。
3）阴关。阴，指阴液，即地部经水。关，指关卡。阴关穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的地部水在此被关卡阻挡不能下行。原理同承扶穴的名解。
4）皮部。皮部，指天部，也指气。皮部穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的经水在此气化为天部之气。原理同承扶穴的名解。
运行规律：脾土物质屯积稳固于穴位周围，水湿气化后则沿着膀胱经上行。
功能作用：燥湿生气。
治法：若属寒证，则先泻后补，或用补法并施灸，或点刺出血；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
注：臀部是人体肌肉最为丰满的部位，它之所以丰满，是因为有膀胱经经水对脾土微粒的运化以及本穴对脾土物质的固化作用，但这只是原因之一。原因之二则是人体自身重力场的作用。人体大系统重力场的中心位于三焦中的两肾，远处为高、为外，近处为低、为内。而脾土物质属于阴中之太阴，在人体重力场的作用下，它无法从腰臀部的低地势向外走向足膝部的高地势，因此脾土物质会屯积稳固于人的臀部。
37 殷门
名解：殷，指盛大、众多、富足。门，指出入的门户。殷门穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的地部水湿在此大量气化。本穴的气血物质是由承扶穴脾土中外渗而至的地部水湿，到达本穴后，水湿分散于穴位周围的各个部位并大量气化，气血物质呈现充盛的状态，因此命名为殷门。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上行。
功能作用：燥湿生气。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并多施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
38 浮郄
名解：浮，指阳，也指气。郄，指孔隙。浮郄穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的经气在此各至天之天部。本穴的气血物质是由委阳穴传来的水湿之气，到达本穴后因吸收热量而上行至天之天部。但因为膀胱经的气血本性寒湿，即使吸收热量，其上行之至天之天部的气态物也很少，如同从孔隙中上行一般，因此命名为浮郄。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上行并散热冷降。
功能作用：清热降温。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
名解：1）委阳。委，指堆积。阳，指阳气。委阳穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的天部阳气在此聚集。本穴的气血物质是由委中穴传来的水湿之气，到达本穴后因吸收热量而化为天部阳气，阳气在本穴呈聚集状态，因此命名为委阳。
2）三焦经合穴。本穴的气血物质是天部的阳气，富含水湿，其性质等同于三焦经气血的性质，且聚集于穴内，因此是三焦经的合穴。
功能作用：益气补阳。
治法：若属寒证，则先泻后补，或用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法。
40 委中（合穴，属土）
名解：1）委中。委，指堆积。中，指穴内气血所在部位为天人地三部的中部。委中穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的湿热水气在此聚集。本穴的气血物质是膀胱经膝下部各穴上行的水湿之气，为吸收热量后的上行之气，在本穴呈聚集状态，因此命名为委中。
2）腘中。指本穴所在部位为腘窝横纹处的中点，因此得名。
3）郄中。郄，指孔隙。中，指穴内气血所在部位为天人地三部的中部。郄中穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的气血在此聚集，出入缓慢。本穴的气血物质是膀胱经膝下部各穴上行的水湿之气，在本穴呈聚集状态，气血的输出输入皆较为缓慢，如同从孔隙中出入一般，因此命名为郄中。
4）血郄。血，指本穴的气血物质是受热后变成的红色液体。郄，指孔隙。血郄穴的名称含义是：本穴的气血是膀胱经水湿吸收热量后的气化之气，也就是血的气态物。
5）膀胱经合穴。本穴的气血物质由膀胱经气血汇合而成，因此是膀胱经的合穴。
6）本穴属土。属土，指本穴气血运行变化所表现出的五行特征。本穴的气血物质是天部的湿热水气，在本穴呈聚集状态，具有土的不动之意，因此其属性为土。
运行规律：大部分散热冷降后归于地部，小部分吸收热量后上行至委阳穴。
功能作用：分清降浊。
治法：若属寒证，则先泻后补，或用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
41 附分
穴义：脏腑外输至脊背的气血物质在此构成膀胱经经脉的附属分支。
名解：附，指随带、附带。分，指分开、分出。附分穴的名称含义是：足太阳膀胱经的气血物质在此形成一条经脉的附属分支。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上输头颈。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法或轻微施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气。
注：从附分穴到秩边穴所在的膀胱经经脉与紧邻脊骨的膀胱经经脉相比，此为分支，紧邻脊旁的膀胱经为正经。分支中各穴比正经中对应的各穴气血偏于阳热干性，正经则水湿稍重，分支气血稍弱，正经则气血较强。从功能作用看，分支作用于肩背外侧较强，而正经作用上下前后部较强，分支与正经对应各穴的功用又大体相似。
42 魄户
别名：魂户。
名解：1）魄户。魄，指肺之精气，也指气。户，指出入的门户。魄户穴的名称含义是：本穴出入的气血是来自肺脏的阳热之气。本穴的气血物质和肺俞穴一样，都是来自肺脏的外输之气，但因为本穴与肺俞穴相比处于更外、更高的位置，气血物质是比肺俞穴更为干燥的阳热之气，属于肺之精气，因此命名为魄户。
2）魂户。魂，指肝之精气，也指风气。户，指出入的门户。魂户穴的名称含义是：本穴出入的气血是横行的风气。本穴的气血物质是肺脏外输的干热阳气，所处位置为天之天部，其运行方式为横向上行，表现出风木的特性，因此命名为魂户。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经横向上行。
功能作用：外散肺脏之热。
43 膏肓
穴义：肓膜中的脂类物质由此外输膀胱经。
名解：膏，指膏脂、油脂。肓，指心脏与膈膜之间。膏肓穴的名称含义是：膜中的脂类物质由此外输膀胱经。穴外输至膀胱经的气血物质是心脏与膈膜之间的膏脂（此膏肓由五谷精微所化），因此命名为膏肓。（膏脂是提供心火燃烧之柴薪，在火热作用下处于液态，今心室燃烧后气化蒸发的部分在胸腔内压的作用下随湿热之气外渗至体表膀胱经，因此命名为膏肓。）
运行规律：热气沿着膀胱经上行，膏脂出体表后散热冷却下行。
功能作用：散热排脂。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法或多施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气。
注：膏肓穴对应的膀胱正经穴位为厥阴俞穴，它们的气血物质都来自心室之外卫心包之中。厥阴俞穴的气血物质以较高温度的水湿之气为主要特征，而膏肓穴的气血物质则以干热的阳气和脂类物质为主要特征。之所以会出现这种情况，是因为膏肓穴所处位置为外、为高，穴内环境的温度比厥阴俞穴要低，膏脂之物在厥阴俞穴的较高温度场中不会凝固，而到了本穴的较低温度场中之后则会散热冷却凝固。脂类物质在本穴的散热冷凝为本穴气血变化的主要特征，因此命名为膏肓。
44 神堂
名解：神，指心神，也指心气。堂，古指宫室的前面部分，前为堂、后为室，堂为阳、室为阴。神堂穴的名称含义是：心室的阳热之气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上传。
功能作用：外散心室之热。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气。
45 譩嘻
别名：五胠俞。
名解：1）譩嘻。譩嘻者，是按压本穴时患者呼出的声音，没有其他含义。
2）五胠俞。五，指五脏六腑的代称。胠，古战阵右翼的名称。俞，指输注。五胠俞穴的名称含义是：体内的纯阳之气由此外输膀胱经。本穴的气血物质是督脉外传的阳热之气，而督脉的阳热之气由五脏六腑的精微物质所生化，本穴所受的纯阳之气也就是五脏六腑的纯阳之气，因此命名为五胠俞。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上行。
功能作用：外散体内之热。
46 膈关
名解：膈，指心之下、脾之上。关，指关卡。膈关穴的名称含义是：膈膜中的阳气由此上输膀胱经。
功能作用：外散膈膜之热。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并施灸或点刺出血；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
47 魂门
名解：魂，指肝之神，也指阳热风气。门，指出入的门户。魂门穴的名称含义是：肝脏的阳热风气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上行。
治法：若属风湿，则用补法并施灸；若属风热，则用泻法，针刺出气。
48 阳纲
名解：阳，指阳气。纲，指网上的总绳。阳纲穴的名称含义是：胆腑的阳气由此外输膀胱经。阳纲穴与胆俞穴相对，气血物质皆来自胆腑，胆腑气血处于半表半里，而本穴又在背外侧，穴内物质为胆腑外输的阳热风气，此阳热风气即是脏腑外输的阳气汇聚而成，有对体内外输的阳气抓总提纲的作用，因此命名为阳纲。
运行规律：由本穴散输于肩背各部。
功能作用：散热降火。
治法：若属风湿，则用补法并施灸；若属风热，则用泻法，针刺出气。
49 意舍
名解：意，指脾之神，也指脾气。舍，指来源。意舍穴的名称含义是：脾脏的热燥阳气由此外输膀胱经。
运行规律：沿着膀胱经上行。
功能作用：外散脾脏之热。
治法：若属寒证，则用补法并施灸；若属热证，则用泻法，针刺出气。
50 胃仓
名解：胃，指胃腑。仓，指存贮聚散之所。胃仓穴的名称含义是：胃腑的湿热阳气由此外输膀胱经。本穴的气血物质是来自于胃腑的湿热阳气，到达本穴后，因受人体重力场的作用，湿重而热的阳气既不能上行又不能下行，湿热阳气屯留于本穴之中，因此命名为胃仓。
运行规律：由穴内向穴外缓慢扩散。
功能作用：外散胃腑之热。
治法：若属寒湿，则点刺出血或补法并施灸；若属湿热，则用泻法，针刺出气或使用水针疗法。
51 肓门
[Name Explanation]: "Xia" (Lower) refers to the position relative to Shangliao, Ciliao, and Zhongliao, indicating it is located inferiorly. "Liao" means pore or depression. The name Xia Liao implies that the fluid water of the Bladder Meridian flows from the body surface into the interior through this pore. The qi-blood substance of this acupoint originates from the fluid water descending from the upper part of the Bladder Meridian to the earth-level here. Upon reaching this acupoint, it enters the deep earth level from the superficial heaven level via these earth-level pores; hence, it is named Xia Liao.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is fluid water at the earth level.
Movement Pattern: It flows from the heaven level to the earth level through the earth-level pores of this acupoint.
Functions: Promotes water metabolism, strengthens the Spleen, and removes dampness.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, use dredging techniques with moxibustion or pricking to bleed; for heat patterns, use draining needle techniques to release qi or hydro-acupuncture.
Note: The indications for Shangliao, Ciliao, Zhongliao, and Xialiao are basically the same, with the function of promoting water metabolism. When selecting points clinically, choose according to specific conditions. Among these four points, Shangliao regulates the largest volume of meridian water, suitable for severe external cold or internal heat; Xialiao regulates the smallest volume, suitable for mild external cold or internal heat. Other points follow similar logic.
35 Huiyang
Aliases: Liji.
Acupoint Meaning: The Qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian converges here with the Yang Qi of the Du Meridian.
Name Explanation: 1) Huiyang. "Hui" means convergence or intersection; "Yang" refers to Yang Qi. The name implies that the Qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian converges here with the Yang Qi of the Du Meridian. The substance here is the residual fluid water from Xiagiao, which is small in quantity. Upon reaching this point, it absorbs heat, vaporizes into heaven-level Qi, and converges with the Yang Qi transmitted externally by the Du Meridian before dissipating heat and descending along the Bladder Meridian. The characteristic change is the meeting of Yang Qi at the heaven level, hence the name Huiyang.
2) Liji. "Li" means convenience; "Ji" means mechanism or cleverness. The name implies that this acupoint transmits Yang Qi to the buttocks. The substance here is formed by the convergence of Yang Qi from the Bladder and Du Meridians. This hot Yang Qi not only transmits along the Bladder Meridian but also to the external buttocks. The buttocks become flexible under the influence of this hot Yang Qi, like a convenient mechanical joint, hence the name Liji.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is Yang Qi.
Movement Pattern: Transmits from this acupoint along the Bladder Meridian to the upper and lower parts and various areas of the buttocks.
Functions: Disperses water-dampness, tonifies Yang Qi.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, use tonification with moxibustion; for heat patterns, use draining needle techniques to release qi or hydro-acupuncture.
36 Chengfu
Aliases: Rouxi, Yinguan, Pibu.
Acupoint Meaning: Fluid water of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian evaporates and disperses here in large quantities.
Name Explanation: 1) Chengfu. "Cheng" means to bear or support; "Fu" means to assist. The name implies that fluid water of the Bladder Meridian evaporates and disperses here. The substance here consists of descending fluid water and spleen-earth particles carried within it. Since most of the fluid water has flowed into the deep earth level at Shangliao, Ciliao, Zhongliao, and Xialiao, the substance here becomes a mixture of fluid water and spleen-earth particles. At this acupoint, the substance absorbs heat and vaporizes; water-dampness rises to the heaven level, while spleen-earth particles solidify around the acupoint. These solidified particles are dry and hard, effectively supporting and preventing the loss of spleen-earth with the flowing water, hence the name Chengfu.
2) Rouxi. "Rou" means muscle or spleen-earth; "Xi" means pore. The name implies that spleen-earth particles in the Bladder Meridian's qi-blood move slowly here. The substance is a mixture of water and spleen-earth; water vaporizes while spleen-earth accumulates and stabilizes. The movement of spleen-earth is minimal, resembling transport through a small hole, hence the name Rouxi.
3) Yinguan. "Yin" refers to yin fluids or earth-level fluid water; "Guan" means checkpoint. The name implies that earth-level water of the Bladder Meridian is blocked here and cannot descend further. The principle is the same as for Chengfu.
4) Pibu. "Pibu" refers to the heaven level or qi. The name implies that fluid water of the Bladder Meridian vaporizes into heaven-level qi here. The principle is the same as for Chengfu.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance includes spleen-earth dampness at the earth level and qi at the heaven level.
Movement Pattern: Spleen-earth particles accumulate around the acupoint; water-dampness vaporizes and ascends along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Dries dampness and generates qi.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, drain first then tonify, or tonify with moxibustion, or prick to bleed; for heat patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
Note: The buttocks are the fullest muscular area of the body due to the transformation of spleen-earth particles by Bladder Meridian fluid and the solidifying effect of this acupoint. Another reason is the human body's gravity field. The center of the body's macro-gravity field lies in the two Kidneys within the Sanjiao. Distant areas are high and external; proximal areas are low and internal. Spleen-earth belongs to Great Yin. Under gravity, it cannot flow from the low-lying waist-buttock area to the higher knee-foot area, so it accumulates in the buttocks.
37 Yinmen
Acupoint Meaning: Earth-level water-dampness of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian vaporizes here in large quantities.
Name Explanation: "Yin" means grand, numerous, or abundant; "Men" means gate or portal. The name implies that earth-level water-dampness of the Bladder Meridian vaporizes here abundantly. The substance here is earth-level water-dampness seeping from the spleen-earth of Chengfu. Upon reaching this acupoint, the water-dampness disperses around the acupoint and vaporizes largely, appearing abundant, hence the name Yinmen.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is abundant heaven-level qi.
Movement Pattern: Ascends along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Dries dampness and generates qi.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with heavy moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
38 Fuxi
Acupoint Meaning: Qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian rises to the highest heaven level here.
Name Explanation: "Fu" means yang or qi; "Xi" means pore. The name implies that Qi of the Bladder Meridian reaches the highest heaven level here. The substance here is water-dampness qi transmitted from Weiyang. Upon reaching this acupoint, it rises to the highest heaven level due to heat absorption. However, since Bladder Meridian qi-blood is inherently cold-damp, even after heating, the gaseous matter rising to the highest heaven level is scarce, resembling ascent through a pore, hence the name Fuxi.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is heaven-level qi.
Movement Pattern: Ascends along the Bladder Meridian and dissipates heat to cool and descend.
Functions: Clears heat and lowers temperature.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
39 Weiyang (He-Sea Point of the Sanjiao Meridian)
Acupoint Meaning: Heaven-level Yang Qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian gathers here.
Name Explanation: 1) Weiyang. "Wei" means accumulation; "Yang" refers to Yang Qi. The name implies that heaven-level Yang Qi of the Bladder Meridian accumulates here. The substance here is water-dampness qi from Weizhong. Upon reaching this acupoint, it transforms into heaven-level Yang Qi due to heat absorption, accumulating here, hence the name Weiyang.
2) He-Sea Point of the Sanjiao Meridian. The substance here is heaven-level Yang Qi rich in water-dampness, sharing the nature of Sanjiao Meridian qi-blood, and gathering within the acupoint, thus serving as the He-Sea point of the Sanjiao Meridian.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is heaven-level Yang Qi, rich in water-dampness.
Movement Pattern: Continuously absorbs heat and transmits to Fuxi along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Tonifies qi and supplements Yang.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, drain first then tonify, or tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain.
40 Weizhong (He-Sea Point, Element Earth)
Aliases: Guozhong, Xizhong, Xuexi.
Acupoint Meaning: Hot-damp qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian gathers here.
Name Explanation: 1) Weizhong. "Wei" means accumulation; "Zhong" refers to the middle of the Heaven, Earth, and Man levels. The name implies that hot-damp qi of the Bladder Meridian gathers here. The substance here is water-dampness qi ascending from acupoints below the knee, heated and rising, accumulating here, hence the name Weizhong.
2) Guozhong. Refers to the midpoint of the popliteal crease where this acupoint is located.
3) Xizhong. "Xi" means pore; "Zhong" refers to the middle of the Heaven, Earth, and Man levels. The name implies that qi-blood of the Bladder Meridian gathers here with slow entry and exit. The substance is water-dampness qi ascending from below the knee, accumulating here, with slow input and output resembling passage through a pore, hence the name Xizhong.
4) Xuexi. "Xue" refers to red liquid formed after heating; "Xi" means pore. The name implies that the qi-blood here is the vaporized form of blood resulting from water-dampness absorbing heat, i.e., the gaseous state of blood.
5) He-Sea Point of the Bladder Meridian. The substance is formed by the convergence of Bladder Meridian qi-blood, making it the He-Sea point of the Bladder Meridian.
6) Element Earth. Belongs to Earth, referring to the Five Elements characteristic of its qi-blood movement. The substance is hot-damp qi at the heaven level, accumulating here, possessing the stillness of Earth, hence belonging to Earth.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot-damp qi, which is the gaseous state of blood.
Movement Pattern: Most dissipates heat, cools, and descends to the earth level; a small portion absorbs heat and ascends to Weiyang.
Functions: Separates clear from turbid.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, drain first then tonify, or tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
41 Fufen
Acupoint Meaning: Qi-blood substances transported externally from Zang-Fu organs to the back form an accessory branch of the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Fu" means attached or accompanying; "Fen" means separate or divide. The name implies that qi-blood of the Bladder Meridian forms an accessory branch of the meridian here.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is dry-hot wind qi.
Movement Pattern: Transports upward to the head and neck along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Transforms and transports Bladder Meridian water-dampness to ascend to the heaven level.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify or apply mild moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi.
Note: Compared to the main Bladder Meridian adjacent to the spine, the meridian segment from Fufen to Zhibian is an accessory branch. Acupoints in the branch have more yang-hot and dry characteristics compared to corresponding points in the main meridian, which have heavier dampness and stronger qi-blood. Functionally, the branch acts strongly on the lateral shoulder and back, while the main meridian acts on anterior-posterior regions. Their functions are generally similar.
42 Pohu
Alias: Hunhu.
Acupoint Meaning: Hot Yang Qi of the Lung organ transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: 1) Pohu. "Po" refers to the essence and qi of the Lung; "Hu" means door or portal. The name implies that the qi-blood entering and exiting this acupoint is hot Yang Qi from the Lung. Similar to Feishu, the substance is externally transported qi from the Lung. However, being more external and higher than Feishu, the substance is drier hot Yang Qi, belonging to Lung essence, hence the name Pohu.
2) Hunhu. "Hun" refers to the essence and wind qi of the Liver; "Hu" means door. The name implies that the qi-blood entering and exiting is horizontal wind qi. The substance is dry-hot Yang Qi externally transported by the Lung, located at the highest heaven level, moving horizontally upward, exhibiting Wind-Wood characteristics, hence the name Hunhu.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot Yang Qi at the highest heaven level.
Movement Pattern: Moves horizontally upward along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Externally disperses Lung heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain.
43 Gaohuang
Acupoint Meaning: Lipid substances in the Huang membrane transmit externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Gao" means fat or grease; "Huang" refers to the space between the heart and diaphragm. The name implies that lipid substances from the membrane transmit externally to the Bladder Meridian here. The substance transported externally is fat/grease between the heart and diaphragm (derived from quintessence of grains), hence the name Gaohuang. (Fat serves as fuel for Heart Fire. Under heat, it is liquid. After combustion in the ventricle, the vaporized part exudes to the body surface Bladder Meridian under thoracic pressure, hence the name Gaohuang.)
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is relatively dry hot-damp qi and insoluble lipids.
Movement Pattern: Heat qi ascends along the Bladder Meridian; lipids cool and descend after exiting the body surface.
Functions: Dissipates heat and expels lipids.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify or apply heavy moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi.
Note: The corresponding main meridian point for Gaohuang is Jueyinshu. Both receive substance from the pericardium protecting the ventricle. Jueyinshu's substance is characterized by warm water-damp qi, while Gaohuang's is characterized by dry-hot Yang Qi and lipids. This occurs because Gaohuang is external and higher, with a lower temperature field than Jueyinshu. Lipids do not solidify in the warmer Jueyinshu but cool and solidify in the cooler Gaohuang. This cooling and solidification of lipids is the main characteristic, hence the name Gaohuang.
44 Shentang
Acupoint Meaning: Hot Yang Qi of the Heart ventricle transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Shen" refers to Heart Spirit or Heart Qi; "Tang" refers to the front part of ancient palaces (Hall vs. Chamber), where Tang is Yang and Shi is Yin. The name implies that hot Yang Qi of the Heart ventricle transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot Yang Qi.
Movement Pattern: Transmits upward along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Externally dissipates Heart ventricle heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi.
45 Yixi
Alias: Wuxu Shu.
Acupoint Meaning: Pure Yang Qi of the interior transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: 1) Yixi. Yixi represents the sound of patients exhaling when pressing this acupoint, with no other meaning.
2) Wuxu Shu. "Wu" stands for the five Zang and six Fu organs; "Xu" refers to the right wing of ancient battle formations; "Shu" means transport. The name implies that pure Yang Qi of the interior transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here. The substance is hot Yang Qi transmitted externally by the Du Meridian, which is generated from the quintessence of the five Zang and six Fu organs. Thus, the pure Yang Qi received here is the pure Yang Qi of the five Zang and six Fu organs, hence the name Wuxu Shu.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is pure Yang Qi.
Movement Pattern: Ascends along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Externally dissipates internal heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain.
46 Ge Guan
Acupoint Meaning: Yang Qi in the diaphragm transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Ge" refers to the area below the heart and above the Spleen; "Guan" means checkpoint. The name implies that Yang Qi in the diaphragm transmits upward to the Bladder Meridian here.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot Yang Qi, rich in water-dampness (which is the gaseous state of blood).
Movement Pattern: Dispersed heat ascends along the Bladder Meridian; cooled fluids descend along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Externally dissipates diaphragmatic heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion or prick to bleed; for heat patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
47 Hunmen
Acupoint Meaning: Hot Yang wind qi of the Liver transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Hun" refers to the Spirit of the Liver or hot Yang wind qi; "Men" means door or portal. The name implies that hot Yang wind qi of the Liver transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot Yang wind qi.
Movement Pattern: Ascends along the Bladder Meridian.
Treatment Methods: For wind-damp patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for wind-heat patterns, drain to release qi.
48 Yanggang
Acupoint Meaning: Yang Qi of the Gallbladder organ transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Yang" refers to Yang Qi; "Gang" means the main rope of a net. The name implies that Yang Qi of the Gallbladder transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here. Yanggang is opposite Danshu. Both receive substance from the Gallbladder. Gallbladder qi-blood is semi-exterior semi-interior. This acupoint is on the lateral back. The substance is hot Yang wind qi externally transported by the Gallbladder, gathered from externally transported Yang Qi of Zang-Fu organs. It plays a summarizing role for Yang Qi transported internally and externally, hence the name Yanggang.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot Yang wind qi, located at the highest heaven level.
Movement Pattern: Scatters and distributes to various parts of the shoulder and back from this acupoint.
Functions: Dissipates heat and lowers fire.
Treatment Methods: For wind-damp patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for wind-heat patterns, drain to release qi.
49 Yishe
Acupoint Meaning: Hot-dry Yang Qi of the Spleen organ transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Yi" refers to the Spirit of the Spleen or Spleen Qi; "She" means source or residence. The name implies that hot-dry Yang Qi of the Spleen transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot-dry Yang Qi.
Movement Pattern: Ascends along the Bladder Meridian.
Functions: Externally dissipates Spleen heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold patterns, tonify with moxibustion; for heat patterns, drain to release qi.
50 Weicang
Acupoint Meaning: Hot-damp Yang Qi of the Stomach organ transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here.
Name Explanation: "Wei" refers to the Stomach organ; "Cang" means storage or collection place. The name implies that hot-damp Yang Qi of the Stomach transmits externally to the Bladder Meridian here. The substance here is hot-damp Yang Qi from the Stomach. Upon reaching this acupoint, due to the body's gravity field, the heavy-damp and hot Yang Qi cannot ascend or descend, remaining stagnant here, hence the name Weicang.
Qi-Blood Characteristics: The substance is hot-damp Yang Qi.
Movement Pattern: Slowly diffuses from inside the acupoint to the outside.
Functions: Externally dissipates Stomach heat.
Treatment Methods: For cold-damp patterns, prick to bleed or tonify with moxibustion; for hot-damp patterns, drain to release qi or use hydro-acupuncture.
51 Huangmen
Acupoint Meaning: Lipid substances carried in the heaven-level qi-blood cool and descend here.