茯苓三两 芍药三两 生姜三两(切) 白术二两 附子一枚(炮,去皮,破八片)
上五味,以水八升,煮取三升,去滓〔法〕,温服七合〔法〕,日三服〔法〕,后加减。
术、苓、芍、姜,脾胃药也。太阳少阴,水脏也。用崇土法镇摄两经水邪,从气化而出,
故
名真武。茯苓淡以胜白术之苦,则苦从淡化,便能入肾胜湿;生姜辛以胜白芍之酸,则酸从
辛化,便能入膀胱以摄阳。然命名虽因崇土,其出化之机,毕竟重在坎中无阳,假使肾关不
利,不由膀胱气化,焉能出诸小便,故从上不宁之水,全赖附子直走下焦以启其阳,则少阴
水邪必从阳部注于经而出矣,非但里镇少阴水泛,并可外御太阳亡阳。
赤石脂一斤(一半全用,一半筛末) 干姜一两 粳米一升
上三味,以水七升,煮米令熟,去滓〔法〕,温服七合〔法〕,纳赤石脂末方寸匕,日三
服〔法〕。若一服愈,余勿服。
桃花汤,非名其色也,肾脏阳虚用之,一若寒谷有阳和之致,故名。石脂入手阳明经,
干姜
尽撤
纳石
麻黄三两(去节) 杏仁七十粒(去皮尖) 桂枝二两(去皮) 甘草一两(炙)
上四味,以水九升,先煮麻黄减二升,去上沫〔法〕,纳诸药,煮取二升半,去滓〔法〕,
温服八合。覆取微似汗〔法〕,不须啜粥。余如桂枝法将息。
麻黄汤,破营方也。试观立方大义,麻黄轻清入肺,杏仁重浊入心,仲景治太阳初病,
必从
内攘
其大
表,
戢
茯苓三两,芍药三两,生姜三两(切片),白术二两,附子一枚(炮制,去皮,掰成八片)。
以上五味药,用水八升,煮取三升药液,滤去药渣,每次温服七合,每日服用三次,后续根据病情加减。
白术、茯苓、芍药、生姜,都是调理脾胃的药物。太阳经与少阴经,都涉及水液代谢(水脏)。使用培土制水的方法,来镇摄这两条经络的水湿邪气,使其通过气化作用排出体外,
所以命名为真武汤。茯苓性淡能制约白术的苦味,使苦味转化为淡味,从而能够入肾经以祛除湿气;生姜性辛能制约白芍的酸味,使酸味转化为辛味,从而能够入膀胱经以固摄阳气。虽然命名是因为培土制水之法,但其气化运行的机理,关键在于肾中阳气不足(坎中无阳)。假如肾关不通利,不通过膀胱的气化功能,怎么能从小便排出呢?因此,对于上焦不安的水邪,完全依赖附子直达下焦以激发阳气,那么少阴经的水湿邪气必定会从阳分注入经脉而排出,这不仅能在内部镇压少阴经的水气泛滥,还能在外部抵御太阳经的亡阳之变。
赤石脂一斤(一半整块使用,一半研成细末),干姜一两,粳米一升。
以上三味药,用水七升,煮米至熟烂,滤去药渣,每次温服七合,冲服赤石脂细末一方寸匕,每日服用三次。如果服用一次后病愈,剩下的药就不要服用了。
桃花汤,不是因为它颜色像桃花而得名,而是用于肾脏阳气虚衰的病证,服用后仿佛寒冷的山谷有了和煦的阳光,所以命名为桃花汤。赤石脂进入手阳明大肠经,
干姜
彻底撤除
纳入石脂(注:原文此处似有缺漏或断句异常,依文意推测为干姜温中,配合石脂固涩)
麻黄三两(去节),杏仁七十粒(去皮尖),桂枝二两(去皮),甘草一两(炙)。
以上四味药,用水九升,先煮麻黄,水量减少二升,撇去浮沫,加入其他药物,煮取二升半药液,滤去药渣,温服八合。服药后覆盖衣被以取得微微出汗的效果,不需要喝热粥助汗。其余调养方法参照桂枝汤法。
麻黄汤,是攻破营分的方剂。试看立方的大义,麻黄轻清入肺经,杏仁重浊入心经,张仲景治疗太阳经初起疾病,
必定从内部攘除
其大的表证,
收敛(注:原文“戢”意为收敛、止息,此处语境可能指平息表邪或营卫之气,原文截断)
Fuling (Poria) 3 liang, Shaoyao (White Peony Root) 3 liang, Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) 3 liang (sliced), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome) 2 liang, Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) 1 piece (processed, skin removed, broken into eight pieces).
The above five herbs are boiled in 8 sheng of water to obtain 3 sheng of decoction. The dregs are filtered out. Take 7 ge of the warm decoction per dose, three times a day. Subsequent modifications may be made based on symptoms.
Baizhu, Fuling, Shaoyao, and Shengjiang are herbs that regulate the Spleen and Stomach. The Taiyang (Greater Yang) and Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) meridians are associated with Water Zang organs. By employing the method of strengthening Earth to control Water, the Water pathogenic factors in these two meridians are suppressed and expelled through Qi transformation.
Hence it is named Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction). The bland nature of Fuling overcomes the bitter taste of Baizhu, transforming bitterness into blandness, allowing entry into the Kidney meridian to overcome dampness; the pungent nature of Shengjiang overcomes the sour taste of Shaoyao, transforming sourness into pungency, allowing entry into the Bladder meridian to secure Yang Qi. Although the naming stems from strengthening Earth, the mechanism of Qi transformation ultimately relies on the lack of Yang in Kan (the lower Jiao/Kidney). If the Kidney gate is not unobstructed and does not undergo Bladder Qi transformation, how can fluids be excreted as urine? Therefore, for the unsettled Water pathogen above, it entirely depends on Fuzi to travel directly to the Lower Jiao to initiate Yang. Consequently, the Water pathogen of Shaoyin must flow from the Yang aspect into the channels and exit. This not only suppresses Water flooding internally in Shaoyin but also defends against Yang collapse externally in Taiyang.
Chishizhi (Kaolin) 1 jin (half used whole, half sifted into powder), Ganjiang (Dried Ginger) 1 liang, Jingmi (Rice Grain) 1 sheng.
The above three ingredients are boiled in 7 sheng of water until the rice is cooked. The dregs are filtered out. Take 7 ge of the warm decoction, mixed with one fangcunbi of Chishizhi powder, three times a day. If cured after one dose, do not take the remainder.
Taohua Tang (Peach Blossom Decoction) is not named for its color, but because it is used for Kidney Yang deficiency, acting as if bringing warmth to a cold valley, hence the name. Chishizhi enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridian.
Ganjiang
completely removes
incorporates Chishizhi (Note: Original text appears fragmented here; context implies Ganjiang warms the middle and aids Chishizhi's astringency).
Mahuang (Ephedra Stem) 3 liang (nodes removed), Xingren (Apricot Seed) 70 grains (skin and tips removed), Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) 2 liang (bark removed), Gancao (Licorice Root) 1 liang (roasted).
The above four herbs are boiled in 9 sheng of water. First, boil Mahuang alone until the volume decreases by 2 sheng, skimming off the foam. Then add the remaining herbs and boil to obtain 2.5 sheng of decoction. Filter out the dregs. Take 8 ge of the warm decoction. Cover with blankets to induce a slight sweat. There is no need to drink hot porridge. Rest and care instructions follow those of Guizhi Tang.
Mahuang Tang is a formula that breaks through the Ying (Nutritive) level. Observing the main principles of this prescription: Mahuang is light and clear, entering the Lung meridian; Xingren is heavy and turbid, entering the Heart meridian. When Zhang Zhongjing treats early-stage Taiyang disease,
he necessarily eliminates from within
its major exterior syndrome,
suppressing (Note: Original text ends abruptly with "Ji", meaning to restrain or stop).