望色之法，明莹者吉，昏晦者凶。然陈希夷云∶凡色之无光者，不足谓之色。盖光即虚
色，灾喜皆不成，不必断也。然则望色者，必于有光中分别明晦，以定吉凶，然后可耳。春青、
夏赤、秋白、冬黑，以四时判之，得时者生，失时者凶。四色之中，又须常带黄润之色乃佳，
脾气无不在也。准头赤，肺中有火；耳半黑，肾中有邪；年寿赤，则心火炎；眼下青，则脾气逆
也，由此而推，思过半矣。鼻准黄明，脾气强也；鼻尖青黄，淋也，白者亡血也，赤者血热也。
望而知之为之神，《内经》明堂篇言之详矣。
芤脉，今人多不谙其状。《脉诀》云∶两头有，中间无。遂滋百世之惑。或云∶无芤脉，非
也。芤者，草有孔之名。
人参（君）气温味甘，甘而微苦。气味俱轻，阳也，阳中微阴。无毒。白茯苓、马蔺为之
使，反黎芦，恶溲，疏卤咸。出上党、辽东者佳。其根状如防风而润实，春生苗，多于深山中背
阴近假漆下湿润处。初生者三四寸，一桠五叶；四五年后，生三桠；年深者，生四桠五叶。
中心生一茎，俗名百尺杵。三月四月有花，细小如粟，蕊如丝，紫白色。秋结子或七八枚，如
大豆生青、熟黄，又红。自二月、四月、八月上旬探根（李言闻考人参生于阴湿树林之中，着
《人参考》言之详且晰矣），竹刀刮去土，暴干，无令见风。如人形者神。
又雷公云∶大块类鸡腿者良。而今人又以莹、坚、润为上，有金井玉兰之号。
炮制 凡用，勿取高丽及色枯体虚者。采得去芦用，如不去，能吐人。又丹溪云∶若服人
参一两，入芦一钱，则一两之参徒费矣。戒之。
主治 《本经》云∶味甘微寒（寒字误）。主补五脏，安精神，定魂魄，止惊悸，除邪气，明
目，开心益智，久服轻身延年。一名金衔，一名鬼盖。按∶五脏之正气不足，而乱气乘之，则心
神为之不宁，故令虚劳之人梦寐不安，神不守舍。人参所以安精神、定魂魄、止惊悸，以其能
补五脏之正气也，正气复则邪气除矣。而时师类于补气之外，另求所谓清镇之药者，谬矣。
疗肠胃中冷，心腹鼓痛，胸胁逆满，霍乱吐逆，调中，消渴，通血脉，消胸中痰，破坚积。治肺
气不足咳嗽，止烦躁，变酸水，杀金石药毒，令、人不忘，患虚而多梦，俱用之。
洁古云∶治脾、肺阳气不足，及肺气喘促，短气少气，补中暖中，泻脾、肺、胃中火邪。然
非升药引用，不能补上升之气。升麻一分、人参三分为相得也。若补下焦元气，泻肾中火
邪，茯苓为之使。又云∶补虚用之，又能补胃，治咳嗽则勿用，短气则用之。东垣云∶人参甘
温，能补肺中之气。肺气旺则四脏之气皆旺，肺主诸气故也。仲景以人参为补血者，盖不自
生，须得生阳气之药乃生，阳生则阴长，血乃旺矣。若阴虚单补血，血无由而生，无阳故也。
又云∶治中汤同干姜用，治腹痛、吐逆者、里虚则腹痛，此药补之，是补其不足。又云∶补气用
人参，如气短、气不调及喘者加之。
海藏云∶人参味甘温，调中益气，即补肺之阳，泻肺之阴也。若但言补肺，而不论阴阳、
而寒热、何气不足，误矣。若肺受寒邪，宜此补之；肺受火邪，不宜用也。肺为天之气，即手太
阴也，为清润之脏，贵凉而不贵热，则其为寒象可知。若其伤热，则沙参。沙参味苦、微寒，
无毒，主血积精气，除寒热，补中，益肺气。治胃痹心痛结热，邪气头痛，皮间邪热，安五脏。
人参味甘微温，补五脏之阳也；沙参味苦微寒，补五脏之阴也，安得不异。易老取沙参代
人参，取其苦也。苦则补阴，甘则补阳。《本经》虽云补五脏，亦须各用本脏药相佐，使随
所引而补一脏也，不可不知。
近世用人参者，往往反有杀人之害。富贵之家，以此为补元气之妙药，其身欲壑太过，
藉参补养，每见危殆者，乃不明当用不当用之过也，况杂入温补剂中，则尤谬矣。世人仅知用参之补，而不知
行气，徒形壅塞，不能流通矣。余用参一钱，必加陈皮一分，取效敏捷，参看治验录，即知其用法。
按∶《主治要诀》谓∶人参之用有三∶补气也，止渴也，生津也。补气不必言，何为生津而
止渴？盖脾气输于肺，肺气下降，津液乃生，犹蒸物然，热气熏蒸，旋即成液，故气不足则渴，
补其气则津生而渴自止矣。能消痰、变酸水者，脾气不足，不能运化精微，故蓄而为饮，以
人参补之，治其本也。疗肠中冷者，气为阳，阳虚则内寒，而人参补气也。止腹痛者，补里虚
之效也。破坚积者，养正气，积自除也。止燥烦、治梦纷纷者，本经安，精神定，魂魄之功
也。又人参助肺气，何谓能治喘嗽？人参实元气，何为能治逆满？此盖为因虚而致者。言正
气夺而用之，则为补虚；邪气盛而用之，则为实实，要在精审而已。故洁古又云喘嗽勿用，
戒实实也。余治一人喘嗽，服泻肺药，益甚；投以人参，一服而止，非谓喘嗽概不可用人参
也。胸胁逆满，反胃吐逆，邪气方盛固不可用人参；然伤寒、杂病下后亡阴，胸中之气因虚
下陷于心之分野，而致心下痞者，用导气之药，则痞益甚，须用人参补之。故仲景治胸痹，
以人参汤主之，若实者，则宜枳实薤白桂枝汤也。胃虚谷气不行，胸中闭塞而下区者，用辛药
泻之，则呕益甚，惟宜益胃，扬谷气而已。故胃反呕吐，小半夏汤不愈者，服大半夏汤与人参
立愈。此仲景要诀也。今人不察病之虚实，不谙药之补泻，一遇喘满、呕逆之症，便谓有余，杂以破气之药投
之，妄言气无补法，遂视人参若堇、鸩然，而病患亦遂束手待毙而无憾，可胜叹哉！三复经文，不觉 缕。
望诊面色，色泽明润光泽的预后良好，晦暗无光的预后不良。然而陈希夷说：凡是颜色没有光泽的，不能称之为正常的色象。因为光泽即代表虚损之色，无论是灾祸还是喜庆，都无法做出判断。既然如此，观察面色的人，必须在有光泽的前提下分辨其明暗，以此来确定吉凶，这样才可以。春季面色青、夏季赤、秋季白、冬季黑，根据四季来判断，顺应时令的生存，违背时令的凶险。在这四种主色之中，又必须常带有黄而润泽的颜色才好，这是因为脾气（脾脏的功能）无处不在的缘故。鼻头发红，说明肺中有火；耳朵一半发黑，说明肾中有邪气；鼻梁（年寿部位）发红，则是心火旺盛；眼下发青，则是脾气逆乱。由此类推，就能明白大半了。鼻头黄而明亮，说明脾气强健；鼻尖青黄，是淋证的表现；白色是失血；红色是血热。通过观察面色就能诊断疾病，称为“神”，《内经》的《灵枢·五色》篇对此论述得很详细。
芤脉，现在很多人不熟悉它的形态。《脉诀》说：两头有脉动，中间无脉动。于是造成了百世的困惑。有人说：没有芤脉这种脉象，这是不对的。芤，是指草上有孔洞的名称。
人参（作为君药），药性温，味甘，味中带微苦。气味都轻清，属于阳，是阳中略带阴。无毒。白茯苓、马蔺花可以作为引经药（使药），与人参相反的是黎芦，厌恶溲卤（咸味药物）。出产在上党、辽东地区的质量好。它的根形状像防风但滋润坚实，春天生苗，多生长在深山背阴靠近漆树下的湿润处。初生的人参长三四寸，一个分叉五片叶子；四五年后，生出三个分叉；年代久远的，生出四个分叉五片叶子。中心长出一根茎，俗称百尺杵。三月四月开花，花朵细小如粟米，花蕊如丝，呈紫白色。秋天结子，或者七八枚，像大豆一样，青色时生长，成熟后变黄，又带红色。自二月、四月、八月上旬挖掘根部（李言闻考证人参生长在阴湿树林中，著有《人参考》，论述详尽清晰），用竹刀刮去泥土，在阳光下晒干，不要让风吹到。形状像人的就具有灵性。
另外雷公说：块头大类似鸡腿的人参质量好。而现在的人又以晶莹、坚硬、滋润为上品，有金井玉兰的称号。
炮制方法 凡是用参，不要选用高丽参以及颜色枯槁、体质空虚的。采得后去掉芦头使用，如果不去掉芦头，会引起呕吐。另外朱丹溪说：如果服用一两人参，加入一钱芦头，那么一两的人参就白费了。务必戒除这一点。
主治功效 《神农本草经》说：味甘微寒（“寒”字是错误的）。主要补益五脏，安定精神，固定魂魄，制止惊悸，祛除邪气，明目，开心益智，长期服用能身体轻盈延年益寿。又名金衔，又名鬼盖。按语：五脏的正气不足，而杂乱之气乘虚而入，心神因此不安宁，所以导致虚劳之人睡眠不安，神不守舍。人参之所以能安精神、定魂魄、止惊悸，是因为它能补益五脏的正气，正气恢复则邪气自然消除。而当时的医生往往在补气之外，另求所谓清热镇静的药物，这是错误的。
治疗肠胃中的冷痛，心腹鼓胀疼痛，胸胁气逆满闷，霍乱吐逆，调理中焦，治疗消渴，通利血脉，消除胸中痰饮，破除坚积。治疗肺气不足引起的咳嗽，制止烦躁，转化酸水，杀灭金石药物的毒性，让人不忘事，患虚弱且多梦的情况，都用人参治疗。
张洁古说：治疗脾、肺阳气不足，以及肺气喘促，短气少气，补中暖中，清除脾、肺、胃中的火邪。但是如果不是升提药作为引导，就不能补益上升的气。升麻一分、人参三分配合得当。如果要补下焦元气，清除肾中火邪，以茯苓为使药。又说：补虚用人参，又能补胃，治疗咳嗽时不要用，短气时才用。李东垣说：人参甘温，能补益肺中之气。肺气旺盛则其他四脏的气都旺盛，因为肺主宰诸气。张仲景认为人参可以补血，大概是因为它本身不直接生血，必须依靠生发阳气的药物才能生血，阳气生发则阴血增长，血液才能旺盛。如果阴虚只补血，血无法生成，因为没有阳气的原因。又说：治中汤同干姜一起使用，治疗腹痛、吐逆的，里虚导致腹痛，此药补益它，是补其不足。又说：补气用人参，如气短、气不调及喘息的加上人参。
王海藏说：人参味甘温，调中益气，即是补肺之阳，泻肺之阴。如果只说补肺，而不讨论阴阳、寒热、何气不足，就错了。如果肺受寒邪，适宜用此药补益；肺受火邪，不宜使用。肺是天之气，即手太阴肺经，是清润的脏器，贵在凉而不在热，那么它是寒象就可以知道了。如果肺伤热，则用沙参。沙参味苦、微寒，无毒，主要治疗血积精气，去除寒热，补中，益肺气。治疗胃痹心痛结热，邪气头痛，皮间邪热，安五脏。人参味甘微温，补五脏之阳；沙参味苦微寒，补五脏之阴，怎么能不同呢？易老取沙参代替人参，是取其苦味。苦则补阴，甘则补阳。《本经》虽然说是补五脏，但也必须各用本脏的药物相佐助，使其随所引导而补某一脏，不可不知道。
近代使用人参的人，往往反而有杀人的危害。富贵人家，把它当作补元气的妙药，他们的欲望太过分，借人参补养，常常看到危殆的情况，这是不明白应当用和不应当用的过错，何况混杂在温补剂中，那就更错误了。世人只知道人参的补益作用，而不知道行气，徒然造成壅塞，不能流通。我用人参一钱，必定加陈皮一分，取得效敏捷，参看治验录，就知道用法。
按语：《主治要诀》说：人参的作用有三点：补气，止渴，生津。补气不必多说，为什么能生津止渴？因为脾气输送给肺，肺气下降，津液才产生，就像蒸东西一样，热气熏蒸，随即变成液体，所以气不足就会口渴，补其气则津液产生而口渴自然停止。能消痰、转化酸水的，是因为脾气不足，不能运化精微物质，所以蓄积成为饮邪，用人参补益它，是治本。治疗肠中冷的，气属阳，阳虚则内寒，而人参补气。止腹痛的，是补里虚的效果。破除坚积的，是养正气，积滞自然消除。止燥烦、治疗多梦的，是本经安精神、定魂魄的功效。另外人参辅助肺气，为什么说能治疗喘嗽？人参充实元气，为什么说能治疗气逆满闷？这大概是因虚导致的。说正气夺衰而使用它，就是补虚；邪气盛而使用它，就是实实（使实证更实），关键在于精细审慎。所以洁古又说喘嗽不要用，是告诫不要犯实实的错误。我治疗一个人喘嗽，服用泻肺药，病情加重；投用人参，一服就停止，并不是说喘嗽一概不可以用人参。胸胁气逆满闷，反胃吐逆，邪气正盛固然不可以用人参；但是伤寒、杂病攻下后亡阴，胸中之气因虚下陷于心之分野，而导致心下痞满的，用导气药，则痞满更严重，必须用人参补益。所以仲景治疗胸痹，用人参汤为主方，如果是实证，则适宜用枳实薤白桂枝汤。胃虚谷气不行，胸中闭塞而下部区隔不通的，用辛散药泻之，则呕吐更严重，只宜益胃，扬谷气而已。所以胃反呕吐，小半夏汤无效的，服用大半夏汤加人参立即痊愈。这是仲景的要诀。现在的人不考察病的虚实，不懂药的补泻，一遇到喘满、呕逆的症状，就说是有余，混杂破气药投喂，妄言气没有补法，于是视人参如同毒药一般，而病患也束手待毙而没有遗憾，难道不值得感叹吗！反复研读经文，不觉絮叨。
The method of observing facial color: bright and lustrous colors indicate a favorable prognosis, while dull and dark colors indicate an unfavorable one. However, Chen Xiyi stated: "Any color lacking luster cannot be considered a normal complexion." This is because luster represents the aspect of deficiency; without it, neither disaster nor auspiciousness can be determined. Therefore, when observing facial color, one must distinguish between brightness and dullness within the context of luster to determine good or bad omens. In spring, the color should be green; in summer, red; in autumn, white; and in winter, black. These are judged according to the four seasons: those that accord with the season survive, while those that do not portend misfortune. Among these four primary colors, it is best if they always carry a yellowish and moist hue, as this indicates the presence of Spleen Qi (the functional activity of the Spleen), which is ubiquitous. Redness at the tip of the nose suggests Fire in the Lungs; half-black ears suggest pathogenic factors in the Kidneys; redness on the nasal bridge (Nianshou area) indicates blazing Heart Fire blazes; blueness under the eyes indicates rebellious Spleen Qi. By inferring from these signs, one can understand most of the principles. Yellow and bright color at the nose tip indicates strong Spleen Qi; blue-yellow at the tip indicates Lin syndrome (dysuria); white indicates blood loss; red indicates heat in the blood. Diagnosing diseases through observation is termed "divine" (spirit-like perception), as detailed in the *Mingtang* chapter of the *Neijing*.
The Kou pulse (Hollow pulse) is currently unfamiliar to many. The *Maijue* (Pulse Classic) states: "Present at both ends, absent in the middle." This has caused confusion for centuries. Some claim there is no such thing as a Kou pulse; this is incorrect. "Kou" refers to the name for grass with holes.
Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Ren Shen) [as Sovereign drug], is warm in nature and sweet in flavor, with a slight bitterness. Its scent and flavor are light, belonging to Yang, specifically Yang containing slight Yin. It is non-toxic. Poria cocos (Fu Ling) and Iris ensifolia (Lian Zi) serve as its guides (Ministerial drugs). It is incompatible with Veratrum nigrum (Li Lu) and opposes salty substances. Those from Shangdang and Liaodong are superior. Its root resembles Saposhnikovia divaricata (Fang Feng) but is moist and solid. Sprouts emerge in spring, typically growing in deep mountains in shady, moist areas near Toxicodendron vernicifluum (Qi Shu) trees. Newly sprouted roots are three to four cun long, with five leaves per branch; after four or five years, three branches appear; older plants have four or five branches with five leaves. A single stem grows from the center, commonly known as "Baichichu" (Hundred-Foot Mortar). Flowers bloom in March and April, small like millet seeds, with thread-like stamens, purple-white in color. Fruits form in autumn, numbering seven or eight, resembling soybeans, turning from green to yellow and then red. Roots are dug up in early February, April, or August (Li Yanwen examined that Ginseng grows in shady, moist forests, detailing this in his *Reference on Ginseng*). Scrape off the soil with a bamboo knife, dry in the sun, avoiding wind exposure. Roots resembling the human form possess spiritual efficacy.
Lei Gong also stated: Large pieces resembling chicken legs are of good quality. Nowadays, people consider those that are crystal clear, hard, and moist as superior, calling them "Jingjing Yulan" (Jade Well Magnolia).
Processing: When using Ginseng, avoid Korean Ginseng or those that are withered and hollow. Remove the rhizome (Lu) before use; if not removed, it induces vomiting. Zhu Danxi said: If one qian of rhizome is added to one liang of Ginseng, the entire liang of Ginseng is wasted. Beware of this.
Indications: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states: Sweet and slightly cold (the character 'cold' is erroneous). It primarily tonifies the Five Zang organs, calms the spirit, stabilizes the soul and fright, stops palpitations, eliminates pathogenic factors, brightens the eyes, opens the mind, enhances intelligence, and with long-term use, lightens the body and prolongs life. Also known as Jin Xian and Gui Gai. Commentary: When the righteous Qi of the Five Zang organs is insufficient, chaotic Qi takes advantage, causing the Heart Spirit to become unsettled. Thus, patients with consumptive disorders experience restless sleep and a spirit that does not reside in its dwelling. Ginseng calms the spirit, stabilizes the soul, and stops palpitations because it tonifies the righteous Qi of the Five Zang organs. When righteous Qi recovers, pathogenic factors are eliminated. However, contemporary physicians often seek so-called clearing and sedating herbs in addition to Qi-tonifying ones, which is erroneous.
It treats cold in the intestines and stomach,鼓胀 pain in the heart and abdomen, fullness and rebellion of Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, cholera with vomiting and regurgitation, regulates the Middle Jiao, treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst), unblocks the vessels, resolves phlegm in the chest, and breaks down firm accumulations. It treats cough due to Lung Qi insufficiency, stops irritability, transforms acid water, detoxifies metallic and mineral medicines, prevents forgetfulness, and is used for weakness with frequent dreaming.
Zhang Jieggu stated: It treats insufficiency of Yang Qi in the Spleen and Lungs, as well as panting and shortness of breath in the Lungs. It tonifies and warms the Middle, and drains Fire pathogens from the Spleen, Lungs, and Stomach. However, without ascending herbs as guides, it cannot tonify the ascending Qi. A combination of one part Cimicifuga foetida (Sheng Ma) and three parts Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is effective. To tonify the Yuan Qi of the Lower Jiao and drain Kidney Fire, Poria cocos serves as the guide. He further stated: Use Ginseng for deficiency; it also tonifies the Stomach. Do not use it for coughs; use it for shortness of breath. Li Dongyuan stated: Ginseng is sweet and warm, capable of tonifying Qi in the Lungs. When Lung Qi is vigorous, the Qi of the other four Zang organs becomes vigorous because the Lungs govern all Qi. Zhang Zhongjing regarded Ginseng as a blood-tonifying herb, likely because it does not generate blood directly but requires herbs that generate Yang Qi to produce blood; when Yang generates, Yin grows, and blood becomes abundant. If one only tonifies blood for Yin deficiency without addressing Yang, blood cannot be generated due to the lack of Yang. He also stated: Using Ginseng with Dried Ginger (Gan Jiang) in Zhizhong Tang treats abdominal pain and vomiting due to interior deficiency; this medicine tonifies what is insufficient. Furthermore, add Ginseng for Qi tonification in cases of shortness of breath, irregular Qi, and asthma.
Wang Haizang stated: Ginseng is sweet and warm, regulating the Middle and benefiting Qi, which is equivalent to tonifying Lung Yang and draining Lung Yin. If one merely says it tonifies the Lungs without discussing Yin/Yang, cold/heat, or specific Qi insufficiency, it is a mistake. If the Lungs are affected by Cold pathogens, it is suitable to tonify with this herb; if affected by Fire pathogens, it should not be used. The Lungs represent the Qi of Heaven, corresponding to the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. They are a clear and moist organ, preferring coolness over heat, indicating their nature is cold. If the Lungs are injured by Heat, use Adenophorae Radix (Sha Shen). Adenophorae Radix is bitter and slightly cold, non-toxic, primarily treating blood stasis and essence deficiency, removing cold and heat, tonifying the Middle, and benefiting Lung Qi. It treats gastric bi, heart pain with heat accumulation, pathogenic headache, external heat, and calms the Five Zang organs. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma is sweet and slightly warm, tonifying Yang of the Five Zang organs; Adenophorae Radix is bitter and slightly cold, tonifying Yin of the Five Zang organs. How can they be the same? Yi Lao used Adenophorae Radix to replace Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, utilizing its bitterness. Bitterness tonifies Yin; sweetness tonifies Yang. Although the *Bencao Jing* states it tonifies the Five Zang organs, one must use herbs specific to each Zang organ as assistants to ensure it follows the guidance to tonify a specific Zang. This must be understood.
In recent times, the use of Ginseng has often led to fatal consequences. Wealthy families regard it as a miraculous drug for tonifying Yuan Qi. Due to excessive desires, they rely on Ginseng for nourishment, often resulting in critical conditions. This is due to ignorance of whether it should be used or not. Moreover, mixing it into warming and tonifying formulas is even more erroneous. People only know the tonifying effect of Ginseng but ignore the need for moving Qi, leading to stagnation and lack of circulation. When I use one qian of Ginseng, I invariably add one fen of Tangerine Peel (Chen Pi) for rapid efficacy. Refer to the records of successful treatments for usage methods.
Commentary: The *Zhuzhi Yaojue* states that Ginseng has three functions: tonifying Qi, stopping thirst, and generating fluids. Tonifying Qi needs no explanation. Why does it generate fluids and stop thirst? Because Spleen Qi transmits to the Lungs, and as Lung Qi descends, fluids are produced, similar to steaming food where heat vaporization turns into liquid. Thus, Qi insufficiency causes thirst; tonifying Qi generates fluids and stops thirst naturally. Its ability to resolve phlegm and transform acid water addresses the root cause: Spleen Qi insufficiency fails to transport and transform fine nutrients, leading to fluid retention. Ginseng tonifies the root. Treating cold in the intestones addresses Yang deficiency causing internal cold, as Ginseng tonifies Qi. Stopping abdominal pain reflects its effect of tonifying interior deficiency. Breaking down firm accumulations works by nourishing righteous Qi, causing accumulations to dissipate. Stopping restlessness and treating vivid dreams reflects the *Bencao Jing*'s function of calming the spirit and stabilizing the soul. Regarding how Ginseng assists Lung Qi to treat asthma and cough: Ginseng consolidates Yuan Qi, thereby treating rebellious fullness. These indications apply to conditions caused by deficiency. Using it when righteous Qi is depleted constitutes tonifying deficiency; using it when pathogenic factors are exuberant constitutes "solidifying excess," which is dangerous. Precision is key. Hence, Jieggu warned against using it for asthma and cough to prevent solidifying excess. I treated a patient with asthma and cough who worsened after taking Lung-draining herbs; administering Ginseng stopped it after one dose. This does not mean Ginseng is universally contraindicated for asthma and cough. For rebellious fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, or vomiting due to exuberant pathogenic factors, Ginseng is indeed contraindicated. However, after purgative therapy in cold damage or miscellaneous diseases leading to Yin depletion, if Qi in the chest sinks due to deficiency into the Heart's territory causing epigastric fullness (Pi), using Qi-moving herbs worsens the condition; Ginseng must be used to tonify. Thus, Zhongjing used Ginseng Decoction (Renshen Tang) for Chest Bi (obstruction); for excess patterns, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang is appropriate. For Stomach deficiency where grain Qi fails to move, causing chest obstruction and lower blockage, using acrid herbs to drain worsens vomiting; one should benefit the Stomach and raise Grain Qi. Thus, for gastric reversal vomiting unresponsive to Banxia Xiazu Tang, Banxia Banxiah Tang with Ginseng brings immediate recovery. This is Zhongjing's essential principle. Today's practitioners fail to examine the deficiency or excess of the disease and misunderstand the tonifying or draining nature of herbs. Upon encountering symptoms like asthma, fullness, or vomiting, they assume excess, mix in Qi-breaking herbs, and falsely claim Qi cannot be tonified. Consequently, they view Ginseng as deadly poison, and patients wait helplessly for death without regret. Is this not lamentable? Repeatedly reviewing the classics, I cannot help but elaborate.