促则往来数疾，中忽一止，复来有力。凡疾数代结，皆属促类。不似结脉之迟缓中有止歇也。
（语出张璐。又濒湖体状诗曰∶促脉数而时一止，此为阳极欲亡阴；三焦郁火炎炎盛，进必无生退可生。）
促为阳邪内陷之象。凡表邪未尽，邪并阳明，暨里邪欲解，并传厥阴者，多有是脉，故病必见胸满下利厥逆。
且有血瘀发狂，痰食凝滞，暴怒气逆，亦令脉促。若中虚无凝，脉自舒长，曷为而有止歇之象乎。（李士材曰∶
数而有止曰促，岂非阳盛者欤。肺痈热毒，皆火极所致者。）
结为指下迟缓中有歇止，少顷复来。凡迟缓代涩，皆属结类。不似代脉之动止不能自还也。（语
出张璐。又濒湖体状诗曰∶结脉缓而时一止，独阴偏盛欲亡阳；浮为气滞沉为积，汗下分明在主张。）
结是气血渐衰，精力不继，所以断而复续，续而复断。凡虚劳久病，多有是症，然亦有阴虚阳虚之别。故结而
兼缓，其虚在阳；结而兼数，其虚在阴。仍须察结之微甚，以观元气之消长。若使其结过甚，脉甚有力，多属
有热，或气郁不调。治宜辛温扶正，略兼散结开痰，其结自退。至有一生而见结脉者，此是平素异常，不可竟
作病治耳。（结脉有虚有实。虚如景岳所谓血气渐衰，精力不继，所以断而复续，续而复断
者是也。实如越人所谓结甚则积甚者是也。）
促脉表现为脉搏往来快速，中间忽然出现一次停顿，随后再次搏动且有力。凡是疾速、数急或代脉中出现的间歇，都属于促脉的范畴。这与结脉在迟缓之中出现间歇有所不同。
（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍《濒湖脉学》中的体状诗说道：促脉频率快而偶尔有一次停顿，这是阳热极盛即将导致阴液亡失的征象；三焦郁积的火气盛大炽烈，病情若进一步加重则无生机，若能退却则有生机。）
促脉是阳邪内陷的表现。凡是表邪尚未完全清除，邪气并入阳明经，以及里邪将要解除并传变至厥阴经的情况，大多会出现这种脉象，因此疾病必然伴随胸中胀满、腹泻、四肢厥冷等症状。
此外，还有因血瘀导致发狂，痰湿和食积凝滞，或因暴怒导致气机上逆，也会使脉象呈现促象。如果中气虚弱而没有凝滞，脉象自然会舒展悠长，怎么会有间歇的现象呢？（李士材说：频率快而有间歇称为促脉，这难道不是阳气过盛的表现吗？肺痈的热毒，都是火气达到极点所致。）
结脉表现为手指下感觉脉搏迟缓，中间有间歇停顿，过了一会儿又恢复搏动。凡是迟缓、代脉或涩脉中出现的间歇，都属于结脉的范畴。这与代脉那种跳动停止后不能自行恢复的特点不同。（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍《濒湖脉学》中的体状诗说道：结脉频率慢而偶尔有一次停顿，这是阴气偏盛即将导致阳气亡失的征象；脉浮表示气机阻滞，脉沉表示体内有积块，治疗时汗法与下法的应用需由医者明确决断。）
结脉是由于气血逐渐衰弱，精力无法接续，所以脉搏中断后又继续，继续后又中断。凡是虚劳久病的人，多有这种脉象，然而也有阴虚和阳虚的区别。所以结脉兼见迟缓，其虚损在于阳气；结脉兼见数急，其虚损在于阴液。仍然需要观察结脉的程度轻重，以判断元气的消长情况。如果结脉过于严重，脉象非常有力，多属于有热，或者是气机郁结不调。治疗应当使用辛温药物扶助正气，略微兼用散结化痰的方法，结脉自然消退。至于有一生都出现结脉的人，这是平素体质异常，不可以直接当作疾病来治疗。（结脉有虚证和实证之分。虚证如同张景岳所说的血气逐渐衰弱，精力无法接续，所以脉搏中断后又继续，继续后又中断的情况。实证如同越人（扁鹊）所说的结脉越严重，体内的积块就越严重的情况。）
The Cu (Hasty) pulse manifests as a rapid and frequent rhythm, with a sudden pause in the middle, followed by a forceful resumption. Any pulse that is rapid, hurried, or intermittent in the Dai (Intermittent) category belongs to the type of Cu. It differs from the Jie (Knotted) pulse, which features pauses within a slow rhythm.
(This passage is attributed to Zhang Lu. Additionally, the descriptive poem in Li Shizhen's *Binhu Maixue* states: "Cu pulse is rapid yet occasionally stops; this indicates extreme Yang heat threatening to deplete Yin. The blazing fire of Sanjiao depression grows intense; if it advances, there is no survival, but if it retreats, life may be preserved.")
The Cu pulse is a sign of pathogenic Yang sinking inward. In cases where exterior pathogens are not fully resolved, when pathogens merge into the Yangming channel, or when interior pathogens are about to resolve and transmit to the Jueyin channel, this pulse is often present. Consequently, the disease must manifest symptoms such as chest fullness, diarrhea, and cold extremities.
Furthermore, blood stasis causing madness, stagnation of phlegm and food, or rebellious Qi due to sudden anger can also cause a Cu pulse. If the Middle Jiao is deficient without stagnation, the pulse would naturally be relaxed and long; how could there be an appearance of pausing? (Li Shicai said: "Rapid with pauses is called Cu; is this not indicative of excessive Yang? Lung abscess and heat toxins are all caused by extreme Fire.")
The Jie (Knotted) pulse feels slow under the fingers with intermittent pauses, resuming after a short while. Any pulse that is slow, intermittent (Dai), or choppy (Se) featuring pauses belongs to the type of Jie. It differs from the Dai (Intermittent) pulse, where the movement stops and cannot recover spontaneously.
(This passage is attributed to Zhang Lu. Additionally, the descriptive poem in Li Shizhen's *Binhu Maixue* states: "Jie pulse is slow yet occasionally stops; this indicates excessive Yin alone threatening to deplete Yang. Floating indicates Qi stagnation, deep indicates accumulation; the distinction between sweating and purging methods lies in the physician's judgment.")
The Jie pulse arises from the gradual decline of Qi and Blood, and the inability of vitality to sustain itself continuously, resulting in interruptions followed by continuations, and continuations followed by interruptions. Patients with chronic deficiency exhaustion or long-standing illnesses often exhibit this pulse. However, there is a distinction between Yin deficiency and Yang deficiency. Therefore, if the Jie pulse is accompanied by slowness, the deficiency lies in Yang; if accompanied by rapidity, the deficiency lies in Yin. One must still observe the severity of the knotting to assess the waxing and waning of Yuan Qi. If the knotting is excessive and the pulse is very forceful, it mostly indicates Heat or stagnant and unregulated Qi. Treatment should employ acrid-warm herbs to support the healthy Qi, slightly combined with methods to dissipate knots and resolve phlegm, after which the knotting will naturally recede. As for individuals who have exhibited a Jie pulse throughout their lives, this is an abnormal constitution and should not be treated merely as a disease. (The Jie pulse has both deficiency and excess patterns. Deficiency is like what Jingyue described: blood and Qi gradually decline, vitality fails to continue, so it breaks and resumes, resumes and breaks. Excess is like what Yue Ren [Bian Que] described: severe knotting corresponds to severe accumulations.)