滑则往来流利，举之浮紧，按之滑石。凡洪大芤实，皆属滑类。不似实脉之逼逼应指，紧脉之
往来劲急，动脉之见于一部，疾脉之过于急疾也，（语出张璐。又濒湖体状诗曰∶滑脉如珠替替然，往来流利
却还前；莫将滑数为同类，数脉惟看至数间。）滑为痰逆食滞，呕吐上逆，痞满壅肿满闷之象。然亦以有力无
力分辨。如系滑大兼数，其脉当作有余；若止轻浮和缓不甚有力，当不仅作有
余治也。或以气虚不能统摄阴火，脉见滑利者有之；或以痰湿内积，而见脉滑者有之。至于平人脉滑而和，
则为无病。妇人经断而见滑数，则为有孕；临产而见滑疾，则为离经。泻痢而见弦滑，则为脾肾受伤；久病
而弦滑，则为阴虚。岂可概作实治乎。（李时珍曰∶滑为阴气有余，故脉来流利如水，脉者，血之府也。血盛
则脉滑，故肾脉宜之；气盛则脉涩，故肺脉宜之。）
涩则往来艰涩，动不流利，如雨沾沙，及刀刮竹。凡虚细微迟，皆属涩类。不似迟脉之指下迟缓，
缓脉之脉象纡徐，濡脉之去来绵软也。（语出张璐。又濒湖体状诗曰∶细迟短涩往来难，散止依稀应指间∶如
雨沾沙容易散，病蚕食叶慢而艰。又相类诗曰∶参伍不调名曰涩，轻如刮竹短而难；微似秒芒微软
甚，浮沉不别有无间。）涩为气血俱虚之候。故症多见拘挛麻木，忧郁，失血伤精，厥逆少食等症。然亦须分
寒涩枯涩热涩之殊耳。若涩见呕吐泄泻，则为属虚属寒；涩见伤精失血，拘挛麻木，则为枯涩不和；涩见便结
不解，则为热邪内闭，或寒滞不通。总在因症考求，岂可概指血虚，而不分别审顾乎。（提出寒涩热涩枯涩三
种，则看病施治自有主脑。）
滑脉的特征是往来流利，轻取时感觉浮紧，重按时如按滑石。凡是洪大、芤实等脉象，都属于滑脉类。它们不像实脉那样搏动强劲直接应指，不像紧脉那样往来劲急，不像动脉那样只出现在一部（局部），也不像疾脉那样过于急疾。（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍的《濒湖脉学·体状诗》说：滑脉像珠子一样替替然跳动，往来流利却还向前；不要将滑脉和数脉混为一谈，数脉只看其至数频率。）滑脉主痰饮上逆、食积停滞，以及呕吐上逆、痞满壅肿、胸中满闷等症状的表现。但也需要根据脉的有力或无力来分辨。如果是滑大兼见数脉，脉象应当属于有余（实证）；如果只是轻浮和缓且不太有力，则不能仅仅当作有余证来治疗。有的因为气虚不能统摄阴火，而出现脉象滑利的情况；有的因为痰湿内积，而出现脉滑的情况。至于健康人脉象滑而调和，则是无病之象。妇女月经停止而见到滑数脉，则是怀孕的征兆；临产时见到滑疾脉，则是即将分娩的离经之脉。泻痢病中出现弦滑脉，则是脾肾受伤；久病出现弦滑脉，则是阴虚。怎么可以一概当作实证来治疗呢？（李时珍说：滑脉是阴气有余，所以脉来流利如水，脉是血的府库。血盛则脉滑，所以肾脉宜见滑脉；气盛则脉涩，所以肺脉宜见涩脉。）
涩脉的特征是往来艰涩，跳动不流利，像雨沾沙子，又像刀刮竹子。凡是虚、细、微、迟等脉象，都属于涩脉类。它们不像迟脉那样指下迟缓，不像缓脉那样脉象纡徐，不像濡脉那样去来绵软。（这段话出自张璐。另外李时珍《濒湖脉学·体状诗》说：细迟短涩往来困难，散止依稀应指间：如雨沾沙容易散，病蚕食叶慢而艰。又《相类诗》说：参伍不调名曰涩，轻如刮竹短而难；微似秒芒微软甚，浮沉不别有无间。）涩脉是气血俱虚的征候。所以症状多见拘挛麻木、忧郁、失血伤精、厥逆少食等症。但也必须区分寒涩、枯涩、热涩的不同。如果涩脉伴随呕吐泄泻，则属于虚寒；涩脉伴随伤精失血、拘挛麻木，则属于枯涩不和；涩脉伴随便秘不解，则属于热邪内闭，或寒滞不通。总要根据因症考察求索，怎么能一概指向血虚，而不分别审察顾护呢？（提出寒涩、热涩、枯涩三种情况，那么看病施治自然就有主心骨了。）
The Huamai (Slippery Pulse) is characterized by smooth and fluent movement. When lightly palpated, it feels floating and tight; when heavily pressed, it feels like touching slippery stone. All pulses such as Hongmai (Surging Pulse), Koushi (Hollow/Real), belong to the category of Huamai. They do not resemble Shimai (Excess Pulse) which beats forcefully against the fingers, Jinmai (Tight Pulse) which moves with vigorous urgency, Dongmai (Moving Pulse) which appears in only one position, or Jimai (Rapid Pulse) which is excessively hurried. (This passage is from Zhang Lu. Additionally, Li Shizhen's *Binhu Tizhuang Shi* states: "Huamai resembles pearls, beating alternately, moving smoothly yet returning forward; Do not confuse Huamai with Shumai [Rapid Pulse], for Shumai is judged solely by its frequency.") Huamai indicates phlegm rebellion, food stagnation, vomiting with upward counterflow, chest fullness and obstruction, swelling, and a sensation of stuffiness. However, differentiation must be made based on whether the pulse is forceful or weak. If it is large, slippery, and rapid, the pulse indicates an excess condition (Yuyou); if it is merely light, floating, harmonious, and slow, lacking significant force, it should not be treated merely as an excess condition. Some cases arise where Qi deficiency fails to control Yin fire, resulting in a slippery pulse; others occur due to internal accumulation of phlegm-dampness, presenting as a slippery pulse. For healthy individuals, a smooth and harmonious pulse indicates no disease. In women, amenorrhea accompanied by a slippery and rapid pulse indicates pregnancy; during labor, a slippery and rapid pulse indicates the "Li Jing" pulse, signifying imminent delivery. In cases of diarrhea and dysentery, a Xianhua (Wiry-Slippery) pulse indicates injury to the Spleen and Kidney; in chronic illness, a Xianhua pulse indicates Yin deficiency. How can these generally be treated as Excess conditions? (Li Shizhen stated: "Huamai represents an excess of Yin energy, hence the pulse flows smoothly like water. The Mai is the residence of Blood. When Blood is abundant, the pulse is slippery, thus suitable for the Kidney pulse; when Qi is abundant, the pulse is choppy, thus suitable for the Lung pulse.")
The Semai (Choppy Pulse) is characterized by difficult and choppy movement, lacking fluency, resembling rain soaking into sand or a knife scraping bamboo. All pulses such as Xu (Deficiency), Xi (Fine), Wei (Micro), and Chi (Slow) belong to the category of Semai. They do not resemble Chimai (Slow Pulse) which feels sluggish under the finger, Huanmai (Moderate Pulse) which is drawn out and leisurely, or Rumai (Soggy Pulse) which is soft in onset and termination. (This passage is from Zhang Lu. Additionally, Li Shizhen's *Binhu Tizhuang Shi* states: "Fine, slow, short, and choppy, movement is difficult; scattered and stopping, faintly responding to the finger: Like rain soaking sand, easily dispersed; Like a sick silkworm eating leaves, slow and arduous. Also, the *Xianglei Shi* states: 'Irregular rhythm is named Semai, light as scraping bamboo, short and difficult; Micro like the tip of a hair, extremely soft, indistinguishable between floating and deep, present and absent.')" Semai is a sign of joint deficiency of Qi and Blood. Therefore, symptoms often include spasms and numbness, depression, blood loss and essence injury, Jueni (Cold extremities/reversal) and poor appetite. However, differentiation must be made among Hansai (Cold Choppy), Kusai (Withered/Dry Choppy), and Resai (Heat Choppy). If Semai accompanies vomiting and diarrhea, it belongs to Deficiency and Cold; if Semai accompanies essence loss, blood loss, spasms, and numbness, it belongs to Withered/Dry and disharmony; if Semai accompanies constipation and inability to pass stool, it belongs to internal closure by Heat pathogen or obstruction by Cold stagnation. One must always investigate based on symptoms. How can one generally point to Blood deficiency without distinct examination and care? (Proposing the three types of Cold Choppy, Heat Choppy, and Withered Choppy ensures that diagnosis and treatment have a clear focus.)