脉何以知脏腑之病也？然∶数者腑也，迟者脏也。数即有热，迟即生寒。诸阳为热，诸阴为寒。故别知脏腑之病也。
（腑者阳，故其脉数；脏者阴，故其脉迟。阳行迟，病则数；阴行疾，病则迟）
脉来浮大者，此为肺脉也；脉来沉滑，如石，肾脉也；脉来如弓弦者，肝脉也；脉来疾去迟，心脉也。脉来当见而
不见为病。病有深浅，但当知如何受邪。
脉有阴阳之法，何谓也？然∶呼出心与肺，吸入肾与肝，呼吸之间，脾受谷味也，其脉在中。浮者阳也，沉者阴也，
故曰阴阳。心肺俱浮，何以别之？然∶浮而大散者，心也；浮而短涩者，肺也。肾肝俱沉，何以别之？然∶牢而长者，
肝也；按之软，举指来实者，肾也。脾者中州，故其脉在中（《千金翼》云∶迟缓而长者，脾也）。是阴阳之脉也。脉有
阳盛阴虚，阴盛阳虚，何谓也？然∶浮之损小，沉之实大，故曰阴盛阳虚；沉之损小，浮之实大，故曰阳盛阴虚。是阴
阳虚实之意也。（阳脉见寸口，浮而实大，今轻手浮之更损减而小，故言阳虚；重手按之反更实大而沉，故言阴实。）
经言∶脉有一阴一阳，一阴二阳，一阴三阳；有一阳一阴，一阳二阴，一阳三阴。如此言之，寸口有六脉俱动耶？
然∶经言如此者，非有六脉俱动也，谓浮、沉、长、短、滑、涩也。浮者阳也，滑者阳也，长者阳也；沉者阴也，涩者
阴也，短者阴也。所以言一阴一阳者，谓脉来沉而滑也；一阴二阳者，谓脉来沉滑而长也；一阴三阳者，谓脉来浮滑而
长，时一沉也。所以言一阳一阴者，谓脉来浮而涩也；一阳二阴者，谓脉来长而沉涩也；一阳三阴者，谓脉来沉涩而短，
时一浮也。各以其经所在，名病之逆顺也。
凡脉大为阳，浮为阳，数为阳，动为阳，长为阳，滑为阳；沉为阴，涩为阴，弱为阴，弦为阴，短为阴，微为阴，
是为三阴三阳也。阳病见阴脉者，反也，主死；阴病见阳脉者，顺也，主生。关前为阳，关后为阴。阳数则吐血，阴微
则下利；阳弦则头痛，阴弦则腹痛；阳微则发汗，阴微则自下；阳数口生疮，阴数加微必恶寒而烦挠不得眠也。阴附阳
则狂，阳附阴则癫。得阳属腑，得阴属脏。无阳则厥，无阴则呕。阳微则不能呼，阴微则不能吸，呼吸不足，胸中短气。
根据此阴阳以察病也。
寸口脉浮大而疾者，名曰阳中之阳，病苦烦满，身热，头痛，腹中热。
寸口脉沉细者，名曰阳中之阴，病苦悲伤不乐，恶闻人声，少气，时汗出，阴气不通，臂不能举。
尺脉沉细者，名曰阴中之阴，病苦两胫酸疼，不能久立，阴气衰，小便余沥，阴下湿痒。
尺脉滑而浮大者，名曰阴中之阳，病苦小腹痛满，不能溺，溺即阴中痛，大便亦然。
尺脉牢而长，关上无有，此为阴干阳，其人苦两胫重，少腹引腰痛。
寸口脉壮大，尺中无有，此为阳干阴，其人苦腰背痛，阴中伤，足胫寒。
夫风伤阳，寒伤阴。阳病顺阴，阴病逆阳。阳病易治，阴病难治。在肠胃之间，以药和之；若在经脉之间，针灸病
已。
问：如何通过脉象来了解脏腑的疾病呢？回答说：数脉属于腑，迟脉属于脏。数脉主热，迟脉主寒。所有的阳证表现为热，所有的阴证表现为寒。因此可以辨别出是脏腑哪一方面的病变。
（腑属阳，所以其脉象为数；脏属阴，所以其脉象为迟。阳气运行迟缓，患病时脉数；阴气运行疾速，患病时脉迟。）
脉象浮大的，这是肺的脉象；脉象沉滑如石样的，这是肾的脉象；脉象像弓弦一样的，这是肝的脉象；脉象去时迟缓、来时疾速的，这是心的脉象。脉象应当出现而不出现的，就是病态。疾病有深浅之分，只需知道是如何受邪的。
脉有阴阳的方法，是什么意思呢？回答说：呼气时心与肺发挥作用，吸气时肾与肝发挥作用，呼吸之间，脾接受水谷精微，其脉象位于中部。浮脉属阳，沉脉属阴，所以称为阴阳。心和肺的脉象都浮，如何区别它们呢？回答说：浮而大且散的，是心脉；浮而短且涩的，是肺脉。肾和肝的脉象都沉，如何区别它们呢？回答说：牢而长的，是肝脉；按之柔软，举指时感觉坚实的，是肾脉。脾位于中焦，所以其脉象在中部（《千金翼方》说：迟缓而长的，是脾脉）。这就是阴阳的脉象。脉有阳盛阴虚、阴盛阳虚的情况，是什么意思呢？回答说：轻取（浮）时脉象损小，重取（沉）时脉象实大，所以叫阴盛阳虚；重取（沉）时脉象损小，轻取（浮）时脉象实大，所以叫阳盛阴虚。这就是阴阳虚实的意思。（阳脉见于寸口，本应浮而实大，现在轻手浮取反而更损减变小，所以说阳虚；重手按之反而更实大且沉，所以说阴实。）
经文说：脉有一阴一阳，一阴二阳，一阴三阳；有一阳一阴，一阳二阴，一阳三阴。这样说，难道寸口有六条脉同时跳动吗？回答说：经文这样说是因为，并非真的有六条脉同时跳动，而是指浮、沉、长、短、滑、涩这六种脉象属性。浮脉属阳，滑脉属阳，长脉属阳；沉脉属阴，涩脉属阴，短脉属阴。之所以说“一阴一阳”，是指脉象沉而滑；“一阴二阳”，是指脉象沉、滑而长；“一阴三阳”，是指脉象浮、滑而长，偶尔兼见沉象。之所以说“一阳一阴”，是指脉象浮而涩；“一阳二阴”，是指脉象长而沉涩；“一阳三阴”，是指脉象沉、涩而短，偶尔兼见浮象。分别根据经脉所在的位置，来判断疾病的逆顺。
凡是脉大为阳，浮为阳，数为阳，动为阳，长为阳，滑为阳；沉为阴，涩为阴，弱为阴，弦为阴，短为阴，微为阴，这就构成了三阴三阳。阳病见到阴脉，是反常现象，主死；阴病见到阳脉，是顺证，主生。关前为阳，关后为阴。阳脉数则吐血，阴脉微则下利；阳脉弦则头痛，阴脉弦则腹痛；阳脉微则宜发汗，阴脉微则自下利；阳脉数则口中生疮，阴脉数兼微则必恶寒且烦躁不得眠。阴气依附于阳则发狂，阳气依附于阴则发癫。得阳脉者病在腑，得阴脉者病在脏。无阳则四肢厥冷，无阴则呕吐。阳脉微则不能呼，阴脉微则不能吸，呼吸不足，胸中短气。根据这些阴阳脉象来察知疾病。
寸口脉浮大而疾速的，名叫阳中之阳，病人苦于烦闷胀满，身体发热，头痛，腹中热。
寸口脉沉细的，名叫阳中之阴，病人苦于悲伤不乐，厌恶听到人声，气少，时常出汗，阴气不通，手臂不能举起。
尺部脉沉细的，名叫阴中之阴，病人苦于两小腿酸痛，不能久站，阴气衰弱，小便余沥不尽，阴部潮湿瘙痒。
尺部脉滑而浮大的，名叫阴中之阳，病人苦于小腹胀满疼痛，不能排尿，排尿时阴中疼痛，大便也如此。
尺部脉牢而长，关上脉没有这种表现，这叫阴干阳，病人苦于两小腿沉重，小腹牵引腰痛。
寸口脉壮大，尺中脉没有这种表现，这叫阳干阴，病人苦于腰背痛，阴部受伤，足胫寒冷。
风邪伤害阳分，寒邪伤害阴分。阳病顺应阴脉为顺，阴病逆犯阳脉为逆。阳病容易治疗，阴病难治。病在肠胃之间，用药物调和即可；若在经脉之间，通过针灸即可治愈。
Question: How can one know the diseases of the Zang and Fu organs through pulse diagnosis? The answer is: A rapid pulse (Shu Mai) belongs to the Fu organs, while a slow pulse (Chi Mai) belongs to the Zang organs. A rapid pulse indicates heat, while a slow pulse indicates cold. All Yang conditions manifest as heat, and all Yin conditions manifest as cold. Thus, one can distinguish which organ system is affected.
(The Fu organs belong to Yang, hence their pulse is rapid; the Zang organs belong to Yin, hence their pulse is slow. Yang Qi moves slowly, but when diseased, the pulse becomes rapid; Yin Qi moves swiftly, but when diseased, the pulse becomes slow.)
A floating and large pulse indicates the Lung pulse; a deep, slippery, and stone-like pulse indicates the Kidney pulse; a pulse like a bowstring indicates the Liver pulse; a pulse that is rapid upon arrival and slow upon departure indicates the Heart pulse. When a pulse should be present but is absent, it signifies disease. Diseases have varying depths; one must only understand how the pathogenic factor was acquired.
What is the method of Yin and Yang in pulses? The answer is: Exhalation involves the Heart and Lung; inhalation involves the Kidney and Liver. Between breaths, the Spleen receives the essence from food and grain, and its pulse is located in the middle. Floating pulses are Yang, and deep pulses are Yin; thus they are called Yin and Yang. Both the Heart and Lung pulses are floating; how to distinguish them? The answer is: A pulse that is floating, large, and scattered belongs to the Heart; a pulse that is floating, short, and choppy belongs to the Lung. Both the Kidney and Liver pulses are deep; how to distinguish them? The answer is: A firm and long pulse belongs to the Liver; a pulse that feels soft upon pressing but solid upon lifting the finger belongs to the Kidney. The Spleen resides in the central region (Zhongzhou), so its pulse is in the middle (The *Qianjin Yi Fang* states: A slow, moderate, and long pulse belongs to the Spleen). These are the Yin and Yang pulses. There are conditions of excessive Yang with deficient Yin, and excessive Yin with deficient Yang. What does this mean? The answer is: If the pulse is diminished and small upon superficial palpation (Fu) but solid and large upon deep palpation (Chen), it is called excessive Yin and deficient Yang. If the pulse is diminished and small upon deep palpation but solid and large upon superficial palpation, it is called excessive Yang and deficient Yin. This illustrates the meaning of Yin/Yang deficiency and excess. (Yang pulses appear at the Cun Kou position, normally floating and solid-large. Now, light superficial palpation makes it even more diminished and small, hence "Yang deficiency"; heavy deep palpation makes it even more solid, large, and deep, hence "Yin excess".)
The Classics state: There are pulses described as one Yin and one Yang, one Yin and two Yangs, one Yin and three Yangs; and one Yang and one Yin, one Yang and two Yins, one Yang and three Yins. Does this mean there are six pulses beating simultaneously at the Cun Kou? The answer is: The Classics do not mean six pulses beating simultaneously, but rather refer to the qualities of floating, deep, long, short, slippery, and choppy. Floating is Yang, slippery is Yang, long is Yang; deep is Yin, choppy is Yin, short is Yin. Therefore, "one Yin and one Yang" refers to a pulse that is deep and slippery; "one Yin and two Yangs" refers to a pulse that is deep, slippery, and long; "one Yin and three Yangs" refers to a pulse that is floating, slippery, and long, occasionally accompanied by a deep quality. "One Yang and one Yin" refers to a pulse that is floating and choppy; "one Yang and two Yins" refers to a pulse that is long, deep, and choppy; "one Yang and three Yins" refers to a pulse that is deep, choppy, and short, occasionally accompanied by a floating quality. Based on the location of the respective meridians, one determines the favorable or unfavorable nature of the disease.
Generally, a large pulse is Yang, floating is Yang, rapid is Yang, agitated is Yang, long is Yang, and slippery is Yang; deep is Yin, choppy is Yin, weak is Yin, wiry is Yin, short is Yin, and minute is Yin. These constitute the Three Yin and Three Yang. If a Yang disease presents with a Yin pulse, it is contrary and indicates death; if a Yin disease presents with a Yang pulse, it is favorable and indicates survival. The area anterior to the Guan position is Yang, and the area posterior to the Guan is Yin. A Yang pulse that is rapid indicates hematemesis; a Yin pulse that is minute indicates diarrhea. A Yang pulse that is wiry indicates headache; a Yin pulse that is wiry indicates abdominal pain. A Yang pulse that is minute indicates the need for sweating therapy; a Yin pulse that is minute indicates spontaneous downward discharge. A Yang pulse that is rapid indicates mouth ulcers; a Yin pulse that is rapid and minute indicates aversion to cold, vexation, and insomnia. If Yin attaches to Yang, mania occurs; if Yang attaches to Yin, epilepsy occurs. Obtaining a Yang pulse indicates disease in the Fu organs; obtaining a Yin pulse indicates disease in the Zang organs. Absence of Yang leads to cold limbs (Jue); absence of Yin leads to vomiting. A minute Yang pulse indicates inability to exhale; a minute Yin pulse indicates inability to inhale. Insufficient respiration leads to shortness of breath in the chest. By observing these Yin and Yang pulses, one examines the disease.
If the Cun Kou pulse is floating, large, and rapid, it is named Yang within Yang. The patient suffers from irritability and fullness, feverish body, headache, and heat in the abdomen.
If the Cun Kou pulse is deep and fine, it is named Yin within Yang. The patient suffers from sorrow and unhappiness, aversion to human voices, shortness of breath, occasional sweating, obstruction of Yin Qi, and inability to raise the arms.
If the Chi pulse is deep and fine, it is named Yin within Yin. The patient suffers from soreness and pain in both calves, inability to stand for long periods, decline of Yin Qi, dribbling of urine, and dampness and itching in the genital region.
If the Chi pulse is slippery and floating-large, it is named Yang within Yin. The patient suffers from pain and fullness in the lower abdomen, inability to urinate, pain in the genitalia during urination, and similar issues with defecation.
If the Chi pulse is firm and long, while the Guan pulse lacks this quality, it is called Yin invading Yang. The patient suffers from heaviness in both calves and lower abdominal pain radiating to the lower back.
If the Cun Kou pulse is strong and large, while the Chi pulse lacks this quality, it is called Yang invading Yin. The patient suffers from pain in the waist and back, injury to the genitalia, and coldness in the feet and calves.
Wind pathogens injure the Yang aspect, and Cold pathogens injure the Yin aspect. Yang diseases following Yin pulses are favorable; Yin diseases counteracting Yang pulses are unfavorable. Yang diseases are easy to treat; Yin diseases are difficult to treat. If the disease is between the intestines and stomach, it can be harmonized with medicine; if it is in the meridians, it can be cured with acupuncture and moxibustion.