体象 散脉浮乱，有表无里；中候渐空，按则绝矣。
自有渐无之象，亦散乱不整之象也。当浮候之，俨然大而成其为脉也；及中候之，顿觉无力而减其十
之七八矣；至沉候之，杳然不可得而见矣。
主病 散为本伤，见则危殆。左寸散者，怔忡不卧。散在左关，当有溢饮。左尺得散，北方水竭。
右寸散者，自汗淋漓。散在右关，胀满蛊坏。右尺得散，阳消命绝。
按渐重渐无，渐轻渐有，明乎此八字，而散字之象恍然矣。故叔和云∶“散脉大而散，有表无里。”字字斟
酌。崔氏云∶“涣漫不收。”盖涣漫即浮大之义，而不收即无根之义；虽得其大意，而未能言之凿凿也。柳
氏云∶“无统纪，无拘束，至数不齐，或来多去少，或去多来少，涣散不收，如杨花散漫之象。”夫杨花散漫，
即轻飘而无根之说也。其言至数不齐，多少不一，则散乱而不能整齐严肃之象也。此又补叔和未备
之旨，深得散脉之神者也。戴同父云∶“心脉浮大而散，肺脉短涩而散，皆平脉也。心脉软散为怔忡，肺
脉软散为汗出，肝脉软散为溢饮，脾脉软散为 肿，皆病脉也。肾脉软散，诸病脉代散，皆死脉也。”古
人以代散为必死者，盖散为肾败之征，代为脾绝之征也。肾脉本沉，而散脉按之不可得见，是先天资
始之根本绝也。脾脉主信，而代脉歇至不愆其期，是后天资生之根本绝也。故二脉独见，均为危殆之
候；而二脉交见，尤为必死之符。
【脉象特征】
散脉浮取时杂乱无章，仅有浮在表层的脉气，缺乏沉里的根基；中取时脉气逐渐空虚，重按则完全消失。
散脉呈现出一种逐渐消散直至无有的景象，同时也表现出散乱而不整齐的特征。当进行浮取（轻按）时，脉象似乎宏大完整，俨然具备脉的形态；到了中取（中等力度按压）时，顿时感到脉力减弱，失去了十分之七八的力量；至于沉取（重按）时，脉象杳然不可见。
【主病分析】
散脉是根本元气受损的表现，出现此脉象预示病情危重。左寸部出现散脉，主心悸怔忡、失眠不卧。散脉出现在左关部，主溢饮（水液停聚四肢肌肤）。左尺部出现散脉，主肾水枯竭。右寸部出现散脉，主自汗淋漓。散脉出现在右关部，主腹部胀满、脏腑败坏。右尺部出现散脉，主阳气消亡、生命垂绝。
通过体会“渐重则渐无，渐轻则渐有”这八个字，就能明白散脉的形象恍然清晰。所以王叔和说：“散脉大而散，有表无里。”每个字都经过仔细推敲。崔氏说：“涣漫不收。”涣漫即指浮大的含义，不收即指无根的含义；虽然掌握了大意，但表述不够确切。柳氏说：“无统纪，无拘束，至数不齐，或来多去少，或去多来少，涣散不收，如杨花散漫之象。”杨花散漫，就是轻飘而无根的学说。其所说的至数不齐、多少不一，则是散乱而不能整齐严肃的景象。这又补充了王叔和未详尽的宗旨，深得散脉的神韵。戴同父说：“心脉浮大而散，肺脉短涩而散，都是平脉（正常脉象）。心脉软散为怔忡，肺脉软散为汗出，肝脉软散为溢饮，脾脉软散为水肿，都是病脉。肾脉软散，各种疾病中出现代脉兼散脉，都是死脉。”古人认为代脉与散脉并见必死，是因为散脉是肾败坏的征象，代脉是脾绝灭的征象。肾脉本应沉取有力，而散脉重按不可得见，这是先天资始的根本断绝。脾脉主信（规律性），而代脉歇止不差时机，这是后天资生的根本断绝。所以这两种脉象单独出现，都是危殆的征兆；如果两种脉象同时出现，更是必死的符验。
[Image of the Pulse]
The San pulse (Scattered Pulse) is floating and chaotic, presenting only a superficial presence without a deep root; at moderate pressure, it gradually empties, and at heavy pressure, it disappears completely.
It presents an image of gradually fading away, as well as an image of being scattered and disordered. When palpating at the superficial level (floating), it appears grand and complete, seemingly forming a proper pulse; however, upon moderate pressure, the strength suddenly diminishes by seven or eight tenths; when pressing deeply (sunken), it becomes imperceptible.
[Associated Diseases]
The San pulse indicates damage to the fundamental essence; its appearance signifies critical danger. If found in the left Cun position, it indicates palpitations (Zhenchong) and insomnia. If found in the left Guan position, it suggests Yi Yin (Overflowing Drink/Edema of limbs). If found in the left Chi position, it indicates exhaustion of Kidney Water. If found in the right Cun position, it indicates profuse spontaneous sweating. If found in the right Guan position, it indicates abdominal distension and internal decay. If found in the right Chi position, it indicates the extinction of Yang and the end of life.
Understanding these eight characters—"gradually heavier leads to gradual absence, gradually lighter leads to gradual presence"—clarifies the image of the San pulse. Thus, Wang Shuhe stated: "The San pulse is large and scattered, having a surface but no depth." Every word was carefully weighed. Cui Shi said: "Dispersed and unrestrained." Here, "dispersed" refers to the meaning of floating and large, while "unrestrained" refers to the meaning of lacking a root; although the general idea is grasped, the expression lacks precision. Liu Shi said: "Without discipline, without constraint, irregular in rhythm, sometimes arriving more and departing less, or departing more and arriving less, dispersed and unrestrained, like the scattering willow catkins." The scattering of willow catkins refers to the concept of being light and rootless. The mention of irregular rhythm and varying quantities describes an image of disorderliness lacking solemnity and order. This supplements the incomplete aspects of Wang Shuhe's theory and captures the spirit of the San pulse. Dai Tongfu said: "Heart pulse floating, large, and scattered; Lung pulse short, choppy, and scattered are both normal pulses. Heart pulse soft and scattered indicates palpitations; Lung pulse soft and scattered indicates sweating; Liver pulse soft and scattered indicates Yi Yin; Spleen pulse soft and scattered indicates edema; these are all pathological pulses. Kidney pulse soft and scattered, and any disease presenting with Dai pulse (Intermittent Pulse) combined with San pulse are all death pulses." The ancients believed that the combination of Dai and San pulses indicated certain death because the San pulse is a sign of Kidney failure, and the Dai pulse is a sign of Spleen exhaustion. The Kidney pulse should naturally be deep, but the San pulse cannot be felt at heavy pressure, indicating the severance of the root of innate endowment. The Spleen pulse governs regularity, but the Dai pulse stops at fixed intervals, indicating the severance of the root of acquired nourishment. Therefore, the independent appearance of either pulse is a critical omen; their simultaneous appearance is a definitive sign of death.