草豆蔻（去皮面裹炮十个） 木猪苓（去皮） 石菖蒲 高良姜 独活（去芦头） 附
子（炮制去皮脐） 麻黄（去根） 浓朴（去皮姜汁炙） 本（去穣土炒） 芍药 枳壳
（去穣麸炒） 柴胡 泽泻 白术 细辛 防风（去芦头） 藿香 半夏（姜汁制各半两） 甘
草（一两炙） 茯苓（
上锉碎如麻豆大，每服五钱匕，水一钟半，煮取八分，去滓热服。余滓两服合为一服，
重煎，空心服。
柴胡（二两） 黄芩 人参 甘草（炙） 生姜（各三分） 半夏（汤洗一两半） 大
枣（十二枚破）
上锉如麻豆大，以水三升，煮取一升半，去滓，再煎取九合，温服三合，日三服，此古
法也。今可作粗散，每服三钱，枣三枚，姜五片，水一盏半。煎至八分，温服，气实疾势盛
者，加至四五钱不妨，并去滓。此《张仲景方》。予以今秤量，改其分剂。孙兆更名黄龙汤，
近岁此药大行。患伤寒，不问阴阳表里，皆令服之。此甚误也。此药，《伤寒论》虽主数十
证，大要其间有五证最的当，服之必愈。一者身热，心中逆或呕吐者可服，伤寒此证最多，
正当服小柴胡汤。若因渴饮水而呕者不可服，身体不温热者不可服。仍当识此；二者寒者，
寒热往来者可服；三者发潮热可服；四者心烦胁下满，或渴或不渴，皆可服；五者伤寒已瘥
后，更发热者可服。此五证。但有一证，更勿疑便可服，服之必瘥。若有三两证以上，更的
当也。其余证候，须仔细详方论及脉候，相当方可用，不可一概轻用。世人但知小柴胡治伤
寒，不问何证便服之。不徒无效，兼有所害，缘此药差寒故也。唯此五证，的不蹉跌，决效
无疑。此伤寒中最要药也。家家有本，但恐用之不审详。今备论于此，使人了然易晓。本方
更有加减法，虽不在此五证内，用之亦属效。今亦载于此，若胸中烦而不呕，去半夏，加人
参合前成一两，栝蒌根一两；若腹中痛者，去黄芩，加芍药三分，此一证最有验，常时腹痛
亦疗；若胁下痞硬，去大枣，加牡蛎一两；若心下悸，小便不利，去黄芩，加茯苓一两；若
不渴，外有微热者，去人参，加桂三分，温覆微汗愈；若咳，去人参大枣生姜，加五味子半
两，干姜半两。元 二年时行，无少长皆咳，服此皆愈。常时止壅痰实，只依本方，食后卧
时服甚妙。赤白痢尤效，痢药中无如此妙。盖痢多因伏暑，此药极解暑毒。凡伤暑之人，审
是暑 。不问是何候状，连进数服即解。
草豆蔻（去皮，用面包裹后炮制十个） 木猪苓（去皮） 石菖蒲 高良姜 独活（去芦头） 附子（炮制，去皮和脐） 麻黄（去根） 浓朴（去皮，用姜汁炙烤） 本（去穣土炒） 芍药 枳壳（去穣，用麸皮炒） 柴胡 泽泻 白术 细辛 防风（去芦头） 藿香 半夏（用姜汁制，各半两） 甘草（一两，炙烤） 茯苓（以上药材切碎如麻豆大小，每次服用五钱匕，加水一钟半，煮取八分，去渣热服。剩余的药渣两次合并为一次服用，再次煎煮，空腹服用。
柴胡（二两） 黄芩 人参 甘草（炙烤） 生姜（各三分） 半夏（汤洗一两半） 大枣（十二枚，破开）
以上药材切碎如麻豆大小，用水三升，煮取一升半，去渣，再煎取九合，温服三合，每日三次服用，这是古法。现在可以做成粗散，每次服用三钱，枣三枚，姜五片，水一盏半。煎至八分，温服，气实病势盛的人，加到四五钱也没关系，并去渣。这是《张仲景方》。我用现在的秤量，改变了它的分量。孙兆改名为黄龙汤，近年来此药大行。患伤寒，不问阴阳表里，都让他服用。这很错误。此药，《伤寒论》虽然主治数十证，大要其中有五证最恰当，服用必愈。一是身热，心中逆或呕吐者可服，伤寒此证最多，正当服小柴胡汤。如果因渴饮水而呕者不可服，身体不温热者不可服。仍应当认识这一点；二是寒者，寒热往来者可服；三是发潮热可服；四是心烦胁下满，或渴或不渴，皆可服；五是伤寒已瘥后，更发热者可服。这五证。只要有一证，更勿疑便可服，服用必瘥。如果有两三证以上，更恰当。其余证候，须仔细详方论及脉候，相当方可用，不可一概轻用。世人只知道小柴胡治伤寒，不问何证便服之。不仅无效，还有害处，因为此药差寒的缘故。只有这五证，确实不错误，决效无疑。这是伤寒中最要药。家家有本，但恐怕用得不够详细。现在在这里详细论述，使人容易明白。本方更有加减法，虽然不在上述五证内，使用也有效。现在也记载于此，如果胸中烦而不呕，去半夏，加人参合前成一两，栝蒌根一两；如果腹中痛者，去黄芩，加芍药三分，这一证最有验，平时腹痛也能治疗；如果胁下痞硬，去大枣，加牡蛎一两；如果心下悸，小便不利，去黄芩，加茯苓一两；如果不渴，外有微热者，去人参，加桂三分，温覆微汗愈；如果咳，去人参大枣生姜，加五味子半两，干姜半两。元二年时行，无少长皆咳，服用此皆愈。平时只壅痰实，只依本方，食后卧时服用甚妙。赤白痢尤其有效，痢药中没有如此妙。大概痢多因伏暑，此药极解暑毒。凡是伤暑之人，审是暑。不问是何候状，连进数服即解。
Cao Dou Kou (Tsaoko Fructus, peeled, wrapped in flour and roasted, 10 pieces) Mu Zhu Ling (Polyporus Umbellatus), Shi Chang Pu (Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma), Gao Liang Jiang (Galangal Rhizome), Du Huo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, removed radicle), Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, roasted, peel and umbilicus removed), Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba, roots removed), Nong Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, peel removed, stir-fried with ginger juice), Ben (Ligustici Wallichii Rhizoma, soil removed by roasting), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix), Zhi Ke (Aurantii Fructus, pulp removed, stir-fried with bran), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Ze Xie (Alismatis Rhizoma), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, removed radicle), Huo Xiang (Agastaches Herba), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed with ginger juice, each half liang), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, one liang, roasted), Fu Ling (Poria).
The above herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Each dose is five qian bi (a small scoop), boiled with one zhong and a half of water until reduced to eight-tenths. Strain and take hot. The remaining dregs from two doses are combined for one dose, decocted again, and taken on an empty stomach.
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix, two liang), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted), Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, each three fen), Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, washed in boiling water, one liang and a half), Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus, twelve pieces, broken).
The above herbs are crushed to the size of hemp seeds. Boil with three sheng of water until reduced to one liang and a half. Strain, then decoct again to obtain nine he. Take three he warm, three times a day. This is the ancient method. Now it can be made into a coarse powder. Each dose is three qian, three dates, five slices of ginger, and one zhong and a half of water. Decoct until reduced to eight-tenths, take warm. For those with strong qi and rapid, severe disease, increasing to four or five qian is acceptable; strain before taking. This is from Zhang Zhongjing's Formula. I have adjusted the dosage according to current weights. Sun Zhao renamed it Huang Long Tang (Yellow Dragon Decoction). In recent years, this medicine has become very popular. It is often given to patients with Shang Han (Cold Damage) regardless of yin/yang or exterior/interior differentiation. This is a great error. Although Shang Han Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage) indicates this formula for dozens of syndromes, there are five specific syndromes where it is most appropriate and effective:
1. Fever with nausea or vomiting: This is common in Shang Han and is the primary indication for Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). However, if vomiting is caused by drinking water due to thirst, do not use it. If the body is not warm, do not use it.
2. Chills: Use if there are alternating chills and fever.
3. Tide-like fever: Use if tidal fever occurs.
4. Vexation, fullness in the hypochondrium, with or without thirst: Use in these cases.
5. Recurrent fever after recovery from Shang Han: Use if fever returns after the initial illness has subsided.
If any one of these five syndromes is present, there should be no hesitation in using it; it will surely cure the disease. If two or three syndromes are present, it is even more appropriate. For other symptoms, one must carefully examine the syndrome differentiation and pulse conditions before using it; do not use it indiscriminately. People generally know that Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats Shang Han and take it for any symptom. Not only is it ineffective, but it may also cause harm because this formula is slightly cold. Only for these five syndromes is it accurate and undoubtedly effective. It is the most important medicine for Shang Han. Every household has a copy, but fear is that it is not used with sufficient detail. Here, I elaborate clearly so that it is easy to understand.
The original formula has modification methods. Even if not within these five syndromes, they are effective. They are recorded here as follows:
- If vexation in the chest without vomiting: Remove Ban Xia, add Ren Shen to make one liang total, plus Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix) one liang.
- If abdominal pain: Remove Huang Qin, add Shao Yao three fen. This is very effective for abdominal pain.
- If hardness/fullness in the hypochondrium: Remove Da Zao, add Mu Li (Ostreae Concha) one liang.
- If palpitations in the epigastrium and difficult urination: Remove Huang Qin, add Fu Ling (Poria) one liang.
- If no thirst but slight external heat: Remove Ren Shen, add Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) three fen. Cover warmly to induce slight sweating for recovery.
- If cough: Remove Ren Shen, Da Zao, and Sheng Jiang. Add Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Fructus) half liang and Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) half liang. During the epidemic in Yuan Nian, everyone coughed, and this cured them. For ordinary phlegm obstruction, taking this according to the main formula after meals and before bed is excellent. It is especially effective for red and white dysentery; no other dysentery medicine is as miraculous. Dysentery is often caused by latent summerheat; this formula resolves summerheat toxicity well. For anyone suffering from summerheat, regardless of specific symptoms, continuous administration of several doses will resolve the condition.