岷山之下，凶年以蹲鸱为粮。不复疫疠，知此物之宜人也。《本草》谓芋土芝，云益气
充饥。惠州富此物，人食者不免瘴。吴远游曰，此非芋之罪也。芋当去皮，湿纸包煨之，火
过熟，乃热啖之，则松而腻，能益气充饥。今惠州人，皆和皮水煮，冷啖，坚顽少味，其瘴
固宜。丙子除夜前二日，夜饥甚，远游煨芋两枚见啖。美甚，乃为书此帖。
王屋山有异草，制百毒。能于鬼手夺命，故山中人谓此草墓头回蹇葆光托吴远游寄来。
吾闻兵无刃，虫无毒，皆不可任，若阿罗汉永断三毒，此药遂无所施耶。
蜀中有菜，如豌豆而小，食之甚善，耕而覆之，能肥瘠地。性甚热，食之使人呀呷，若
以少酒晒而蒸之，则甚益人，而不为害。眉山巢谷元修，始以其子来黄州。江淮间如识之，
此菜名巢菜，黄州人谓之元修菜。
黄州山中，苍术至多。就野入买之，一斤数钱耳。此长生药也。人以其易得，不复贵重，
至以熏蚊子。此亦可以太息。舒州白术，茎叶亦皆相似，特花紫耳，然至难得，三百一两。
其效止于和胃气，去游风，非神仙上药也。
孙思邈《千金方》，人参汤须用流水，用止水即不验。人多疑流水止水无别。予尝见丞
相荆公喜放生，每日就市买活鱼，纵之江中，莫不洋然。惟鳅 入江水辄死，乃知鳅 但可
居止水。则流水与止水果不同，不可不信。又鲫鱼生流水中则背鳞白，生止水中则背鳞黑，
而味恶，此亦一验也。
岷山脚下，在灾荒年份人们把芋头当作粮食。那里不再发生瘟疫，由此可知这种食物适宜人体食用。《本草》称芋头为“土芝”，说它能补益元气、充饥。惠州盛产这种食物，人们食用后难免感染瘴气。吴远游说，这并非芋头的过错。芋头应当去皮，用湿纸包裹后煨熟，火候要过足，然后趁热吃，这样口感松软细腻，能补益元气、充饥。如今惠州人，都带着皮用水煮，冷着吃，质地坚硬乏味，他们得瘴病固然适宜（理所当然）。丙子年除夕前两天，夜里非常饥饿，远游煨了两枚芋头给我吃。味道极好，于是写下这篇帖子。
王屋山有一种奇异的草，能制服各种毒素。它能在鬼魅手中夺人性命，所以山里人称这种草为“墓头回”。蹇葆光委托吴远游寄来此药。我听说军队没有锋利的兵器，昆虫没有毒性，都不能胜任（抵御外敌），如果像阿罗汉那样永断贪、嗔、痴三毒，这种药物就无处施展效力了吗？
蜀地有一种蔬菜，像豌豆但较小，食用起来很好，耕种时覆盖它，能使贫瘠的土地变得肥沃。它的性质很热，吃了让人打哈欠或喘息，如果用少量酒晒过后蒸食，则非常有益于人，且不会造成危害。眉山的巢谷（字元修），起初把他的儿子带到黄州。江淮之间的人如果认识它，这种菜名叫“巢菜”，黄州人叫它“元修菜”。
黄州的山中，苍术非常多。到野外去买它，一斤只要几文钱。这是长生不老药。人们因为它容易得到，不再看重它，甚至用来熏蚊子。这也令人叹息。舒州的白术，茎叶也都相似，只是花是紫色的，然而很难得到，三百文钱一两。它的功效仅限于调和胃气、去除游走之风，并不是神仙的上等药物。
孙思邈的《千金方》记载，人参汤必须用流动的水煎煮，如果用静止的水煎煮就不见效。很多人怀疑流动水和静止水没有区别。我曾见丞相王安石喜欢放生，每天去市场买活鱼，放归江中，没有不欢腾活跃的。只有泥鳅进入江水就会死，这才知道泥鳅只能居住在静止水中。那么流动水和静止水果然不同，不可不信。另外，鲫鱼生在流动水中背鳞发白，生在静止水中背鳞发黑，而且味道恶劣，这也是一个验证。
At the foot of Mount Min, during years of famine, people used taro (Colocasia esculenta) as food. Epidemics did not occur there, indicating that this food is suitable for human consumption. The *Bencao* (Compendium of Materia Medica) refers to taro as "earth ginseng," stating that it tonifies vital energy and satisfies hunger. Huizhou is abundant in this food, yet those who eat it are inevitably afflicted by miasma. Wu Yuanyou said, "This is not the fault of the taro." Taro should be peeled, wrapped in wet paper, and baked until thoroughly cooked; then eaten while hot. It becomes soft and glutinous, capable of tonifying vital energy and satisfying hunger. Currently, people in Huizhou boil it with the skin on and eat it cold; it becomes hard, tough, and flavorless, so their contracting miasma is indeed understandable. Two days before New Year's Eve in the Bingzi year, I was extremely hungry at night. Yuanyou baked two taros for me to eat. They were delicious, so I wrote this note.
There is a strange herb in Mount Wangwu that can neutralize all poisons. It can snatch life from ghosts' hands, hence the locals call this herb "Moutouhui" (Grave Head Return). Jian Baoguang entrusted Wu Yuanyou to send some of this medicine to me. I have heard that armies without sharp weapons and insects without venom cannot be relied upon; if one, like an Arhat, permanently cuts off the three poisons (greed, anger, ignorance), would such medicine become useless?
In Shu, there is a vegetable similar to peas but smaller, which is very good to eat. When cultivated by covering it with soil, it can fertilize barren land. Its nature is very hot; eating it causes yawning or panting. However, if steamed after being sun-dried with a little wine, it is very beneficial to humans and harmless. Chao Gu (courtesy name Yuanxiu) from Meishan first brought his son to Huangzhou. People in the Jianghuai region, if they recognize it, call this vegetable "Chao Cai," while people in Huangzhou call it "Yuanxiu Cai."
In the mountains of Huangzhou, Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu, 苍术) is extremely abundant. Buying it in the wild costs only a few coins per jin. This is a longevity drug. Because it is easily obtained, people no longer value it, even using it to fumigate mosquitoes. This is also a cause for sighing. Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu, 白术) from Shuzhou has similar stems and leaves, except its flowers are purple. However, it is very difficult to obtain, costing three hundred coins per liang. Its efficacy is limited to harmonizing stomach qi and dispelling wandering wind; it is not a supreme elixir for immortals.
Sun Simiao's *Qianjin Fang* states that Ginseng Decoction must be prepared with flowing water; if still water is used, it is ineffective. Many people doubt that there is no difference between flowing and still water. I once observed Chancellor Wang Anshi, who loved releasing living creatures. He bought live fish from the market daily and released them into the river, where they swam vigorously. Only loaches died when entering the river water, revealing that loaches can only inhabit still water. Thus, flowing and still water are indeed different, and this cannot be ignored. Furthermore, crucian carp born in flowing water have white dorsal scales, while those in still water have black dorsal scales and poor taste. This is another verification.