稷，乃今之 也。齐晋之人，谓稷皆曰祭，是其土音，无他义也。《本草注》云，又名
糜子。糜子乃黍属。诗云∶维 维 。维糜维芑， 糜芑皆黍属。以色为别，丹黍谓之糜，
糜
苦 ，即本草酸浆也。《新集本草》，又重出苦 一条∶河西番界中，酸浆有盈丈者。
今之苏合香，如坚木赤色。又有苏合油，如 胶，今多用之为苏合香。按《刘梦得传信
方》，用苏合香多薄叶，子如金色，按之则少，放之则起，良久不定，如虫动，气烈者佳也。
如此则
薰陆，即乳香也，本名薰陆。以其滴下如乳头者，谓之乳头香。熔塌在地上者，谓之塌
香
山豆根极苦。《本草》言味甘者，大误也。
蒿之类至多，如青蒿一类。自有两种，有黄色者，有青色者，《本草》谓之青蒿，亦恐
有别也。陕西绥银之间，有青蒿丛，或间有一两株，迥然青色，土人谓之香蒿。茎叶与常蒿
悉同，但常蒿色绿。而此蒿色青翠，一如松桧之色。至深秋，余蒿并黄，此蒿尤青，气颇芬
芳。恐古人所用，以此为胜。
按文蛤即吴人所食花蛤也。魁蛤即车螯也。海蛤今不识，其生时，但海岸泥沙中得之。
大者如棋子，细者如油麻粒，或黄或赤相杂，盖非一类。乃诸蛤之房，为海水 砺光莹，都
非旧质。蛤之属其类至多，房之坚久莹洁者皆可用。不必指一物，故通谓之海蛤耳。
稷，就是现在的黍子。齐国和晋地的人，把稷都称为“祭”，这是当地的土语，没有别的含义。《本草注》说，稷又名糜子。糜子属于黍类。《诗经》中说：“维糜维芑。”这里的糜和芑都属于黍类。以颜色来区分，红色的黍叫做糜，黄色的黍叫做芑，它们都是黍属植物。至于苦薏，就是《本草》中提到的酸浆草。《新集本草》又重复收录了苦薏这一条：在河西番人交界的地方，有长得有一丈多高的酸浆草。
现在的苏合香，像坚硬的木头，呈赤红色。又有苏合油，像胶一样，现在很多人把它当作苏合香使用。根据《刘梦得传信方》记载，使用的苏合香叶片很薄，种子像金色一样，按压它时它会变少，松开手后它又弹起，很久不能平静，像虫子在动，气味浓烈的是上品。如果是这样，那么薰陆，就是乳香，本名叫薰陆。因为滴落下来像乳头形状的，叫做乳头香；熔塌在地上的，叫做塌香。
山豆根极苦。《本草》中说它味甘，是大错特错的。
蒿这类植物非常多，比如青蒿一类，自有两种，有黄色的，有青色的，《本草》称之为青蒿，恐怕也有区别。陕西绥州、银州之间，有青蒿丛，其中偶尔夹杂一两株，迥然不同，呈现青色，当地人叫做香蒿。它的茎叶与普通的蒿完全相同，只是普通蒿颜色是绿的。而这种蒿颜色青翠，就像松柏的颜色一样。到了深秋，其他的蒿都变黄了，这种蒿尤其青翠，气味非常芬芳。恐怕古人所用的，以此种为优。
按照文蛤就是吴地人所吃的花蛤。魁蛤就是车螯。海蛤现在无法确切识别，它们在生长时，只是在海岸的泥沙中得到。大的像棋子，小的像芝麻粒，或者黄色和红色混杂，大概不是一类东西。乃是各种蛤蜊的壳，被海水磨砺得光洁莹润，都已经不是原来的质地。蛤蜊这类生物种类极多，外壳坚硬长久且光洁洁白的都可以使用。不必指定某一种物体，所以通称为海蛤。
Ji (Setaria italica, Foxtail Millet) is what is now known as Shu (Panicum miliaceum, Proso Millet). People in the states of Qi and Jin all call Ji "Ji" (Sacrifice), which is a local dialect pronunciation with no other meaning. The *Commentary on Materia Medica* states that it is also called Mi Zi (Broomcorn Millet). Mi Zi belongs to the Panicum genus. The *Classic of Poetry* says: "Wei Mi Wei Qi." Both Mi and Qi belong to the Panicum genus. They are distinguished by color; red Panicum is called Mi, while yellow Panicum is called Qi. Regarding Ku Yi (Arctium lappa or similar bitter herbs), it is the Suan Jiang (Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii, Chinese Lantern) mentioned in the *Materia Medica*. The *New Collected Materia Medica* repeats an entry for Ku Yi: in the border regions of Hexi where the Fan people reside, there are Suan Jiang plants growing up to one zhang (approx. 3.3 meters) tall.
The Su He Xiang (Styrax Benzoin) currently used resembles hard wood and is reddish-brown. There is also Su He You (Benzoin Oil), which resembles gum/resin, and nowadays many use it as Su He Xiang. According to the *Chuan Xin Fang* (Prescriptions for Transmission of Faith) by Liu Mengde, the Su He Xiang used should have thin leaves, and its seeds are golden in color. When pressed, they flatten; when released, they rise again, remaining unsettled for a long time as if moving like insects. Those with a strong aroma are considered superior. In this context, Xun Lu (Frankincense/Ru Xiang) is indeed Ru Xiang (Olibanum), originally named Xun Lu. Because the resin drops down resembling nipples, it is called Ru Tou Xiang (Nipple Frankincense); that which melts and collapses onto the ground is called Ta Xiang (Collapsed Frankincense).
Shan Dou Gen (Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix et Rhizoma) is extremely bitter. The statement in the *Materia Medica* that it tastes sweet is a major error.
There are numerous types of Hao (Artemisia species). For example, within the Qing Hao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba, Sweet Wormwood) category, there are two varieties: one yellow and one green. The *Materia Medica* refers to them as Qing Hao, but it is likely there are distinctions. Between Suzhou and Yinzhou in Shaanxi, there are clumps of Qing Hao, among which occasionally one or two plants stand out distinctly as green, locally called Xiang Hao (Fragrant Mugwort). Its stems and leaves are identical to common Hao, except that common Hao is green. This particular Hao is emerald green, resembling the color of pine or cypress. By late autumn, when other Hao turn yellow, this Hao remains particularly green, emitting a very fragrant aroma. It is feared that what the ancients used was superior because of this variety.
According to records, Wen Ge (Clam Shell/Concha Meretricis) is the Hua Ge (Venerupis philippinarum, Manila Clam) eaten by people in Wu. Kui Ge (Tridacna gigas or similar large clam) is Che Ao (Tridacna squamosa, Fluted Giant Clam). Hai Ge (Sea Clam/Concha Arcae) cannot be precisely identified today. They are obtained from coastal sand and mud during their growth. Large ones are the size of chess pieces, small ones the size of sesame seeds, sometimes mixed with yellow and red hues, suggesting they may not be a single species. They are essentially shells of various clams, polished smooth and glossy by seawater erosion, no longer retaining their original texture. The class of clams is vast; any shell that is hard, durable, and clean can be used. One need not specify a single object, hence they are collectively referred to as Hai Ge.