辛温香窜，入脾肺而下及肾、膀，善疏邪逆之气，以致其平，为降气疏逆专药。血
炎者并忌。
一名薰陆香。苦温辛香，入心而通行十二经；活血舒筋，祛风止痛，为治痹活络专
生研用。
性味苦平，入十二经。散瘀破结，消肿定痛，为血痹消滞专药。微焙用。
一名麒麟竭。甘咸性平，入心、肝、血分，散瘀降浊逆，止血定急痛，为血逆、血痛
危专药。无瘀勿用。
即白胶香。性味辛平，活血解毒，止痛生肌。能乱乳香，功亦相近。
辛香苦平，入心经而祛邪辟恶；晰理血气，为去祟安神专药。研细用。
一名龙脑香。性味辛温，香窜善散，入肺而传于心脾；透骨通窍，散火逐邪。细
风在骨髓者宜之。若在血脉肌肉，反致引风入骨，忌之。
辛热香窜，能于水中发火，通关利滞，除湿杀虫，置鞋中能去香港脚。
（乔木类）
苦寒微辛，入膀胱而泻相火；除湿热而滋肾水，为坚肾退热专药。盐水炒或酒炒用
虚无湿热者忌。
即槐角。性味苦寒，入大肠而兼入肝胆。凉血宽肠，为肠风血痔专药。人乳拌蒸用。
花蕊∶即槐米；性稍轻扬，功近槐角，兼能治上。槐花∶性发扬，尤能凉血除风，为风热
赤、下痢诸血专药，炒研用。
台乌药：气味辛温，芳香走窜，归入脾、肺经，并下行至肾与膀胱。善于疏解邪气逆乱之气，使其恢复平和，是降气疏逆的专用药物。血热妄行（血炎）者应当禁忌使用。
薰陆香：又名乳香。气味苦温，辛香，归入心经，并能通行十二经脉；具有活血舒筋、祛风止痛的功效，是治疗痹证、疏通经络的专用药物。需生品研末使用。
没药：气味苦平，归入十二经脉。能散瘀破结、消肿定痛，是治疗血痹、消除瘀滞的专用药物。需微焙后使用。
麒麟竭：即血竭。味甘咸，性平，归入心、肝及血分；能散瘀降浊逆、止血并缓解急迫性疼痛，是治疗血逆、血痛的危急重症专用药物。无瘀血者勿用。
白胶香：即枫香脂。气味辛平，能活血解毒、止痛生肌。其功效能与乳香相乱（混淆），作用也相近。
苏合香：气味辛香苦平，归入心经，能祛邪辟恶；梳理气血，是去除邪祟、安神的专用药物。需研成细粉使用。
麝香：气味甘温，辛香走窜，能通窍开郁，驱除一切不正之气，杀精逐鬼。体虚之人忌用。
龙脑香：即冰片。气味辛温，香气走窜善于发散，归入肺经并传于心脾；能透骨通窍，散火逐邪。风邪深入骨髓者适宜使用。若风邪仅在血脉肌肉，反而会导致引风入骨，应当禁忌使用。
樟脑：气味辛热，芳香走窜，能于水中发火（比喻激发阳气），通关利滞，除湿杀虫，置于鞋中能去除香港脚（足癣）。
五灵脂：气味辛平，有臭味，归入脾胃经，善于消化肉食积滞，杀灭各种恶虫，去除臭气。需细研后使用。
黄连：气味大苦大寒，归入肺、肝经，能清解顽固之热，杀灭各种寄生虫。胃气虚弱者切忌使用。
石膏：气味苦咸大寒，能入骨软坚，泻热杀虫，是治疗口齿各类疾病的专用药物。
（乔木类药材）
黄柏：气味苦寒微辛，归入膀胱经而泻相火；能除湿热而滋补肾水，是坚固肾脏、退热的专用药物。需用盐水炒或酒炒后使用。阴虚而无湿热者忌用。
槐角：即槐实。气味苦寒，归入大肠经，兼入肝胆经。能凉血宽肠，是治疗肠风下血、痔疮的专用药物。用人乳拌蒸后使用。
花蕊（槐米）：即槐米；性质稍轻扬，功效接近槐角，兼能治疗上部疾病。
槐花：性质发扬，尤其能凉血除风，是治疗风热赤眼、下痢便血等出血病症的专用药物，需炒制后研末使用。
Taiwuyao (Linderae Radix): The flavor is acrid and warm, with an aromatic and penetrating quality. It enters the Spleen and Lung meridians and descends to the Kidney and Bladder. It excels at dispersing rebellious Qi caused by pathogenic factors, restoring balance, and is a specialized drug for descending Qi and relieving rebellion. It is contraindicated in cases of blood inflammation (excessive heat forcing blood out of vessels).
Xunluxiang (Boswelliae Resina / Frankincense): Also known as Ruxiang. The flavor is bitter and warm, with an acrid aroma. It enters the Heart meridian and circulates through all twelve meridians; it invigorates blood, relaxes sinews, dispels wind, and alleviates pain, making it a specialized drug for treating Bi syndrome (obstruction) and unblocking collaterals. It should be used raw and ground into powder.
Moyao (Myrrhae Resina / Myrrh): The flavor is bitter and neutral. It enters all twelve meridians. It dissipates stasis, breaks up accumulations, reduces swelling, and relieves pain, serving as a specialized drug for treating blood Bi and eliminating stagnation. It should be used after slight roasting.
Qilinjie (Sangui / Dragon's Blood): Also known as Xuexie. The flavor is sweet and salty, with a neutral nature. It enters the Heart, Liver, and blood level. It dissipates stasis, directs turbid Qi downward, stops bleeding, and relieves urgent pain, acting as a specialized emergency drug for blood rebellion and blood pain. It should not be used if there is no stasis.
Bujiaoxiang (Liquidambaris Resina / Sweetgum Resin): Also known as Fengxiangzhi. The flavor is acrid and neutral. It invigorates blood, resolves toxicity, alleviates pain, and generates flesh. Its effects can be confused with Ruxiang, and its functions are similar.
Suhexiang (Styrax / Benzoin): The flavor is acrid, aromatic, and slightly bitter/neutral. It enters the Heart meridian to dispel pathogens and ward off evil influences; it clarifies and regulates blood and Qi, serving as a specialized drug for expelling malevolent spirits and calming the mind. It should be finely ground.
Shexiang (Moschus / Musk): The flavor is sweet and warm, with an acrid and penetrating quality. It opens orifices, relieves depression, wards off all kinds of abnormal Qi, and eliminates parasites/spirits. It is contraindicated for persons with deficiency.
Longnaoxiang (Borneolum Syntheticum / Borneol): Also known as Bingpian. The flavor is acrid and warm; its aromatic and penetrating nature disperses effectively. It enters the Lung meridian and transmits to the Heart and Spleen; it penetrates bones, opens orifices, dissipates fire, and expels pathogens. It is suitable when wind resides in the bone marrow. If the wind is only in the blood vessels and muscles, it may instead draw wind into the bones, so it is contraindicated.
Zhangnao (Camphora / Camphor): The flavor is acrid and hot, with an aromatic and penetrating quality. It can generate fire from water (stimulate Yang), open passages, relieve obstruction, eliminate dampness, and kill parasites. Placing it in shoes can treat tinea pedis (athlete's foot).
Wulingzhi (Trogopterori Faeces / Flying Squirrel Droppings): The flavor is acrid and neutral, with a foul odor. It enters the Spleen and Stomach meridians and excels at digesting meat accumulation, killing various harmful insects, and removing foul odors. It should be finely ground before use.
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma / Coptis): The flavor is extremely bitter and cold. It enters the Lung and Liver meridians to clear entrenched heat and kill various parasites. It is strictly contraindicated for those with Spleen/Stomach deficiency.
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum / Gypsum): The flavor is bitter, salty, and extremely cold. It can enter the bones to soften hardness, drain heat, and kill parasites. It is a specialized drug for various oral and dental diseases.
(Trees)
Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex / Phellodendron Bark): The flavor is bitter and cold, slightly acrid. It enters the Bladder meridian to drain ministerial fire; it eliminates damp-heat and nourishes Kidney water, serving as a specialized drug for strengthening the Kidney and reducing fever. It should be stir-fried with salt water or wine. It is contraindicated for those with Yin deficiency and no damp-heat.
Huaijiao (Sophorae Fructus Immaturus / Sophora Fruit): Also known as Huaishi. The flavor is bitter and cold. It enters the Large Intestine meridian and also affects the Liver and Gallbladder. It cools blood and relaxes the intestines, serving as a specialized drug for intestinal wind bleeding and hemorrhoids. It should be steamed with human milk before use.
Huairui (Sophorae Flos Bud / Sophora Flower Bud): Also known as Huaimi; its nature is slightly light and ascending. Its efficacy is close to Huaijiao but it also treats upper body conditions.
Huaihua (Sophorae Flos / Sophora Flower): Its nature is uplifting and dispersing. It particularly cools blood and dispels wind, serving as a specialized drug for wind-heat red eyes and bloody dysentery. It should be stir-fried and ground before use.