辛苦性温，芳香气散，入肺肝气分，兼入血分。为风邪、血病之专药。治风生用；
炒黑用。然惟风在皮里膜外者宜之。若风入骨肉，又须防风，不得混用。
辛温色紫，入肺而祛寒发表，调气和血，安胎定喘。气虚者禁用。苏子∶消痰理嗽
郁定喘，炒研用。肠滑者忌。苏梗∶顺气安胎，功力稍缓，虚人最宜。
即水苏，又名龙脑薄荷。性味虽与紫苏相近，但辛烈走气，不入汤剂。
性味辛凉，散风热，清利头目，搜肝肺，宣滞解郁。但辛香耗气，多服损人。苏产
辛温芳香，稍带甘味，功专调气解郁，开胃醒脾。香散甚于藿香，虚人量用。
（隰草类）
味苦大寒，稍带微甘，入心肾二经。凉血散瘀，泻热益阴，为血瘀热结之专药。血
实热者忌之。
苦甘性寒，沉阴主降，入手足少阴、厥阴，兼入手太阳经。滋阴退热，凉血生血，
安胎，利大小便，为阴虚挟热之专药。脾虚泄泻、胃虚食少者均忌。然亦有炒松、炒炭
盖炒松能去血中之湿；炒炭能止湿热伤阴之血也。小生地∶功力甚薄，只宜血热之人
地∶泻血中之热，均无滋阴益血之功，疮疡痘疹并宜之。
【香薷穗】
性味辛温，能发散暑邪、调理湿气；是夏季感受暑邪后用于解表的药物，没有表证邪气的患者忌用。
【紫苏叶】
辛苦，性温，气味芳香易散，入肺经和肝经的气分，兼入血分。是治疗风邪和血病的专用药。治疗风邪时生用；炒黑后使用。然而，只有当风邪位于皮里膜外时才适宜使用。如果风邪深入骨肉，则必须配合防风使用，不得混淆混用。
【紫苏子】
辛温，色紫，入肺经以祛除寒邪并发表，调和气血，安胎定喘。气虚者禁用。苏颂说：紫苏子能消除痰饮、调理咳嗽、平息郁滞、安定喘息，需炒熟研碎后使用。大便滑泄者忌用。
【水苏】
即水苏，又名龙脑薄荷。性味虽与紫苏相近，但辛烈且走窜气分，不用于汤剂煎煮。
【薄荷】
性味辛凉，疏散风热，清利头目，搜剔肝肺之邪，宣通滞气、解除郁结。但辛香之品容易耗气，多服会损伤人体。产于苏州的（品质最佳）。
【木香】
辛温芳香，略带甘味，功效专于调气解郁，开胃醒脾。其香气散发之力甚于藿香，体虚之人应酌情减量使用。
【甘松】
性味辛温，温中焦、辟除瘴气。其散气之力强于甘松（注：此处原文可能有误，通常甘松对比对象为其他，或指代自身特性比较，依原文直译），体虚之人不宜轻易使用。
【山奈】
芳香辛温，温中焦、辟除恶气。禁忌事项同于山奈（注：此处原文逻辑似有重复或指代前文某物，依原文直译“禁忌同于山奈”）。
【白芷】
性味辛温，色白入肺经，芳香入脾经，功效专于辟除秽浊、治疗痢疾，体虚之人适宜使用。
（隰草类）
【丹参】
味苦，大寒，略带微甘，入心经和肾经。能凉血散瘀，泻热益阴，是治疗血瘀热结证的专用药。血分实热者忌用。
【生地黄】
苦甘，性寒，性质沉阴主降，入足少阴肾经、手少阴心经及厥阴肝经，兼入手太阳小肠经。能滋阴退热，凉血生血，安胎，通利大小便，是治疗阴虚挟热证的专用药。脾虚泄泻、胃虚食少者均忌用。然而，也有将其炒松或炒炭使用的情况：炒松能去除血中之湿；炒炭能止住因湿热伤阴导致的出血。
[Elsholtzia Spica (Xiangru Sui)]
Nature and flavor: Pungent and warm. Disperses summerheat and regulates dampness; it is a herb for releasing the exterior in cases of summerheat contraction during summer. It is contraindicated in patients without exterior pathogenic factors.
[Perilla Leaf (Zisu Ye)]
Pungent, bitter, and warm. Its aromatic nature disperses easily. It enters the Qi level of the Lung and Liver meridians and also affects the Blood level. It is a specific herb for treating wind pathogens and blood disorders. For treating wind, use raw; for other purposes, use charred black. However, it is only suitable when the wind pathogen is located between the skin and fascia. If the wind pathogen has penetrated into the bones and muscles, Fangfeng (Saposhnikovia Root) must be used, and they should not be mixed indiscriminately.
[Perilla Fruit (Zisu Zi)]
Pungent, warm, and purple in color. Enters the Lung meridian to dispel cold and release the exterior, harmonizes Qi and Blood, calms the fetus, and relieves asthma. Contraindicated in Qi deficiency. Su Song stated: Zisu Zi eliminates phlegm, regulates cough, resolves stagnation, and stabilizes asthma; it should be stir-fried and ground before use. Contraindicated in patients with loose stools.
[Perilla Stem (Zisu Geng)]
Regulates Qi and calms the fetus; its efficacy is slightly milder, making it most suitable for patients with deficiency.
[Stachys Sieboldii (Shuisu)]
Also known as Longnao Bohe (Mentha longifolia). Although its nature and flavor are similar to Perilla, it is pungent, acrid, and moves Qi vigorously, and is not used in decoctions.
[Mint (Bohe)]
Nature and flavor: Pungent and cool. Disperses wind-heat, clears and benefits the head and eyes, searches the Liver and Lungs, promotes the free flow of stagnant Qi, and resolves depression. However, its pungent and aromatic nature consumes Qi, and excessive use damages the body. The variety produced in Suzhou is preferred.
[Aucklandia Root (Muxiang)]
Pungent, warm, and aromatic, with a slight sweet taste. Its function specializes in regulating Qi, resolving depression, opening the stomach, and awakening the spleen. Its aromatic dispersion is stronger than Huoxiang (Patchouli), so patients with deficiency should use it in reduced doses.
[Ginger Grass (Gansong)*]
Nature and flavor: Pungent and warm. Warms the middle jiao and dispels miasma. Its Qi-dispersing power is stronger than Gan Song (Nardostachys), so it is not advisable for patients with deficiency to use it lightly.
*[Note: Original text says "San qi lie yu Gan Song", implying comparison with Nardostachys, but contextually likely refers to Kaempferia or similar. Translating literally based on provided text structure].*
[Kaempferia Galanga (Shannai)]
Aromatic, pungent, and warm. Warms the middle jiao and dispels evil influences. Contraindications are the same as those for Shannai (Kaempferia Galanga). *[Note: Text implies self-reference or error, translated literally]*.
[Atractylodes Macrocephala / Baitouzhi (Baitouzhi - inferred from description "white, lung/spleen, dysentery")**]
Nature and flavor: Pungent and warm. White color enters the Lung; aromatic nature enters the Spleen. Its function specializes in dispelling filth and treating dysentery; it is suitable for patients with deficiency.
**(Xi Cao Lei - Marsh Grass Category)**
[Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen)]
Bitter in taste, very cold in nature, with a slight sweet aftertaste. Enters the Heart and Kidney meridians. Cools blood, dissipates stasis, drains heat, and nourishes Yin. It is a specific herb for blood stasis combined with heat accumulation. Contraindicated in excess heat in the blood level.
[Rehmannia Glutinosa (Sheng Dihuang)]
Bitter and sweet, cold in nature. Heavy and yin in character, it descends. Enters the Foot Shaoyin (Kidney), Hand Shaoyin (Heart), and Jueyin (Liver) meridians, and additionally the Hand Taiyang (Small Intestine) meridian. Nourishes Yin, reduces fever, cools blood, generates blood, calms the fetus, and promotes urination and bowel movements. It is a specific herb for Yin deficiency with accompanying heat. Contraindicated in Spleen deficiency with diarrhea and Stomach deficiency with poor appetite. However, it is sometimes stir-fried until loose or charred: stir-frying until loose removes dampness from the blood; charring stops bleeding caused by damp-heat damaging Yin.
[Xiaoshengdi (Small Raw Rehmannia)]
Its efficacy is very weak; it is only suitable for individuals with blood heat.
[Ganshengdi (Dried Raw Rehmannia)]
Drains heat from the blood. It lacks the functions of nourishing Yin and benefiting blood. It is suitable for sores, ulcers, and smallpox/rubella eruptions.