此马蹄决明也。味甘苦咸。性微寒。无毒。得水土阴精之气。兼禀乎清阳以生。恶
仁。捣碎煎。
【主治】主青盲目淫。肤赤白膜。眼赤痛泪出。疗唇口青。久服益精光。（本经）助肝
气。
除
【归经】入肝胆二经。为泻肝明目之品。（肝家正药）
【前论】仲淳曰。补肝明目益精。除肝脏热之要药也。此疗目疾外。无他用。故无禁忌。
味辛苦。性寒。无毒。
【主治】主一切痈疽发背。疔肿瘰 。无名肿毒。恶疮。（纲目）
【归经】入肝脾二经。为除热解毒之品。（外科要药）
【前论】宁原曰。研末酒服三钱。能治黄胆内热。
鳌按、紫花地丁纲目止疗外科症。但考古人每用治黄胆喉痹。取其泻湿除热之功也。大
方家
即紫蝴蝶根。味苦。性平。有毒。禀金气而兼火气以生。降也。阳中阴也。
【主治】主咳逆上气。喉痹咽痛。不得消息。散结气。腹中邪逆。食饮大热。（本经）
疗
老血
破症
痰。治
【归经】入心心包三焦三经。兼入肺肝脾三经。为清火解毒。散血消痰之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。射干属金有木与火。行足厥阴手足太阴之积痰。使结核自消甚捷。又
治便
宁
【禁忌】经疏曰。性不益阴。凡脾胃弱。脏寒。气血虚。病无实热。均忌。
这是马蹄决明。味道甘甜、苦、咸。性质微寒。无毒。它汲取了水土的阴精之气，同时禀受了清阳之气而生。忌与杏仁同用。使用时需捣碎后煎煮。
【主治】主要治疗青盲（视力模糊或失明）、目淫（眼睑分泌物过多）、皮肤发红及白膜（眼翳）、眼睛红肿疼痛流泪、嘴唇和口角发青。长期服用可增进视力光彩。（出自《神农本草经》）辅助肝气。
【归经】入肝、胆二经。是泻肝明目的药物。（肝脏疾病的正药）
【前论】仲淳说：它是补肝明目、益精、清除肝脏热邪的要药。除了治疗眼疾外，没有其他用途，因此没有禁忌。
味道辛、苦。性质寒。无毒。
【主治】主要治疗各种痈疽、发背（背部痈肿）、疔疮、瘰疬（淋巴结结核）、无名肿毒、恶疮。（出自《本草纲目》）
【归经】入肝、脾二经。是清热解毒的药物。（外科要药）
【前论】宁原说：研成粉末，用酒送服三钱，能治疗黄疸和内热。
鳌按：紫花地丁在《本草纲目》中仅记载治疗外科病症，但考证古人常用来治疗黄疸和喉痹，是取其祛湿除热的功效。
即紫蝴蝶根。味道苦。性质平。有毒。禀受金气并兼有火气而生。主降。属于阳中之阴。
【主治】主要治疗咳嗽气逆、喉痹咽痛、呼吸困难、散结气、腹中邪气上逆、饮食积滞化热。（出自《神农本草经》）治疗老血、破症瘕积聚、化痰。
【归经】入心、心包络、三焦三经，兼入肺、肝、脾三经。是清火解毒、散血消痰的药物。
【前论】丹溪说：射干属金，兼具木与火的特性，能消除足厥阴经及手太阴、足太阴经的积痰，使结核迅速消散。又治……
【禁忌】赵献可（字养葵，号养愚子，此处指代《医贯》作者或相关注家，原文“经疏”通常指缪希雍《本草经疏》，但内容风格似综合论述，此处依原文翻译）说：其性不益阴。凡是脾胃虚弱、脏腑虚寒、气血亏虚、病无实热者，均忌用。
This is *Cassiae Semen* (Jue Ming Zi, 决明子), specifically the variety resembling a horse's hoof. It tastes sweet, bitter, and salty. Its nature is slightly cold. It is non-toxic. It derives its essence from the yin of water and earth, and simultaneously inherits clear yang qi for its growth. It should not be used with *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 杏仁). It should be crushed before decoction.
[Indications] Primarily treats blindness (Qingmang, 青盲), excessive ocular discharge, skin redness and white membranes (cataracts/pterygium), red and painful eyes with tearing, and cyanosis of the lips and mouth. Long-term consumption enhances visual acuity and brilliance. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Assists liver qi.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Gallbladder meridians. It is an herb that drains liver heat to brighten the eyes. (The principal herb for liver disorders.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Zhongchun stated: It is a key herb for nourishing the liver, brightening the eyes, benefiting essence, and clearing heat from the liver. Aside from treating eye diseases, it has no other uses; therefore, there are no contraindications.
It tastes pungent and bitter. Its nature is cold. It is non-toxic.
[Indications] Primarily treats all types of carbuncles and sores, back carbuncles (Fabei, 发背), ding sores (Dingzhong, 疔肿), scrofula (Luoli, 瘰疬), unclassified swellings and toxins, and malignant ulcers. (From *Bencao Gangmu*)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Liver and Spleen meridians. It is an herb that clears heat and detoxifies. (A key herb for external medicine.)
[Preliminary Discussion] Ningyuan stated: When ground into powder and taken with wine (3 qian), it can treat jaundice and internal heat.
Ao’s Note: *Viola Yedoensis* (Zihua Diding, 紫花地丁) in *Bencao Gangmu* only records its use for external surgical conditions. However, ancient texts show it was often used to treat jaundice and throat obstruction (Houbi, 喉痹), taking advantage of its ability to drain dampness and clear heat.
It is also known as the root of the Purple Butterfly (*Belamcanda chinensis*, Shuye, 射干). It tastes bitter. Its nature is neutral. It is toxic. It inherits metal qi and combines with fire qi for its growth. It has a descending action. It belongs to yin within yang.
[Indications] Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, throat obstruction and sore throat, difficulty in breathing/swallowing, disperses stagnant qi, corrects rebellious qi in the abdomen, and addresses heat from retained food and drink. (From *Shennong Bencao Jing*) Treats old blood stasis, breaks mass formations (Zhengjia, 症瘕), and resolves phlegm.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart, Pericardium, and Sanjiao meridians, and additionally enters the Lung, Liver, and Spleen meridians. It is an herb that clears fire, detoxifies, invigorates blood, and resolves phlegm.
[Preliminary Discussion] Danxi stated: *Belamcanda chinensis* belongs to Metal but possesses characteristics of Wood and Fire. It eliminates accumulated phlegm in the Foot Jueyin, Hand Taiyin, and Foot Taiyin meridians, causing nodules to dissipate very quickly. It also treats...
[Contraindications] *Bencao Jing Shu* states: Its nature does not benefit yin. It is contraindicated in cases of weak spleen and stomach, cold viscera, deficiency of qi and blood, and conditions lacking excess heat.