味辛。性温。无毒。禀清芬之气而生。降也。阳中微阴也。
【主治】主心腹痛。霍乱。肾气痛。水磨涂外肾并腰肾痛处。（大明）散冷气。引胃气
上
升。进饮食。（元素）噎膈吐食。（时珍）
【归经】入肺肾二经。兼入胃经。为开发之品。（理气要药）
【前论】东垣曰。白檀调气。引芳香之物。上至极高之分。最宜橙、橘之属。佐以姜、
枣。
用之
味辛。性温。无毒。禀地二之气以生。降也。阳也。
【主治】主中恶心腹痛。蛊毒疰迕鬼气。宿食不消。天行疫瘴。膀胱肾间冷气攻冲背膂。
妇
热。
小便频
【归经】入胃肾二经。兼入肺经。为顺气止痛之品。（疏利胸腹邪逆之气 一切气病）
【前论】宗 曰。乌药性和。来气少。走泄多。但不甚刚猛。同沉香磨服。治胸腹冷气
甚稳
庵
中气
【禁忌】经疏曰。辛温散气。病属虚气者忌。世人多同香附治妇人一切气病。不知气有
虚实
口渴
【炮制】备要曰。凡使。酒浸一宿用。亦有 研者。
一名薰陆香。味苦辛。性微温。无毒。得天三之气而兼地二之化以生。可升可降。阳也。
【主治】主风水毒肿。去恶气伏尸。瘾疹痒毒。（别录）治耳聋。中风口噤不语。妇人
血
气。
（之才）
庵）
【归经】入心脾二经。兼入肝经。为活血伸筋之品。（香窜归心苦温归肺辛温能通十二
经）
【前论】元素曰。香窜能入心经活血定痛。故为痈疽疮疡心腹痛要药。 庵曰。其治癫
狂者
鳌按、赤白痢腹痛不止者。加入乳香无不效。
【禁忌】经疏曰。痈疽已溃。不宜服。诸疮脓多时。未宜遽用。
檀香：
味道辛。性质温。无毒。禀受清芬之气而生。药性主降。属于阳中微带阴的性质。
【主治】主要治疗心腹疼痛、霍乱、肾气痛。（李大明）用水磨成汁涂抹于外生殖器及腰肾疼痛处。散除冷气，引导胃气上升，增进饮食。（李东垣）治疗噎膈反胃吐食。（李时珍）
【归经】入肺、肾二经，兼入胃经。属于开发宣通的药物。（理气要药）
【前论】李东垣说：白檀香能调顺气机，引导芳香类药物上行至人体最高部位，最适合与橙、橘等果品配合，佐以生姜、大枣使用。
乌药：
味道辛。性质温。无毒。禀受地二之气而生。药性主降。属于阳的性质。
【主治】主要治疗中恶引起的腹痛、蛊毒、疰迕鬼气（指突发的精神异常或传染病）、宿食不消化、天行疫瘴（流行性瘟疫）。膀胱与肾之间的冷气攻冲背部脊柱。妇女热病。小便频数。
【归经】入胃、肾二经，兼入肺经。属于顺气止痛的药物。（疏利胸腹邪逆之气，治疗一切气病）
【前论】赵宗说：乌药药性平和，来气较少，走泄作用较多，但不十分刚猛。同沉香一起磨粉服用，治疗胸腹冷气非常稳妥。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：辛温之性会耗散气机，病属虚气的患者忌用。世人多将乌药与香附配合治疗妇人各种气病，不知道气有虚实之分。若伴有口渴症状则需慎用。
【炮制】《本草备要》说：凡使用，需用酒浸泡一夜后使用。也有研磨成粉使用的。
乳香：
又名薰陆香。味道苦、辛。性质微温。无毒。禀受天三之气并兼受地二之化而生。可升可降。属于阳的性质。
【主治】主要治疗风水毒肿，去除恶气、伏尸（指潜伏体内的死血或肿瘤）、瘾疹痒毒。（陶弘景）治疗耳聋、中风口噤不语、妇人血气病。（徐之才）
【归经】入心、脾二经，兼入肝经。属于活血舒筋的药物。（香气窜透归心，苦温归肺，辛温能通十二经）
【前论】李东垣说：香气窜透能入心经，活血定痛，所以是治疗痈疽疮疡、心腹疼痛的要药。赵宗说：它治疗癫狂症……鳌按：对于赤白痢疾腹痛不止的患者，加入乳香没有不有效的。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：痈疽已经溃破的，不宜服用。各种疮疡脓液较多时，也不宜急于使用。
Santalum Album (Tan Xiang):
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Born from the essence of clear and fragrant qi. Action: Descending. Category: Yang with slight Yin characteristics.
[Indications] Primarily treats heart and abdominal pain, cholera, and kidney qi pain. (Li Daming) Grind with water into a paste and apply externally to the external genitalia and areas of lower back and kidney pain. Disperses cold qi, guides stomach qi upward, and promotes appetite. (Li Dongyuan) Treats dysphagia and regurgitation. (Li Shizhen)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Lung and Kidney meridians, and additionally the Stomach meridian. It is an agent for opening and unblocking. (Essential herb for regulating qi)
[Prior Discussions] Li Dongyuan stated: White Sandalwood regulates qi and guides aromatic substances to the highest parts of the body. It is most suitable when combined with oranges or tangerines, assisted by ginger and jujube.
Lindera Aggregate (Wu Yao):
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Born from the qi of Earth number two. Action: Descending. Category: Yang.
[Indications] Primarily treats sudden evil causing abdominal pain, gu poison, zhu-wu ghost qi (sudden mental abnormalities or infectious diseases), retained food not digesting, epidemic miasma. Cold qi attacking between the bladder and kidneys, radiating to the back and spine. Women's heat disease. Frequent urination.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Stomach and Kidney meridians, and additionally the Lung meridian. It is an agent for smoothing qi and relieving pain. (Disperses and benefits rebellious qi in the chest and abdomen; treats all types of qi disorders)
[Prior Discussions] Zhao Zong stated: Wu Yao has a mild nature, its ascending qi is slight, but its dispersing action is significant, though not overly rigid. When ground together with Agarwood and taken, it stabilizes treatment for cold qi in the chest and abdomen very effectively.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiong said: Its pungent and warm nature scatters qi; it is contraindicated for patients with deficiency-type qi disorders. People often combine it with Cyperi Rhizoma to treat various qi disorders in women, unaware that qi conditions have excess and deficiency distinctions. Caution if accompanied by thirst.
[Preparation] *Bencao Beiyao* states: For use, soak in wine overnight before using. Some are used as powder.
Boswellia Carterii (Ru Xiang):
Also known as Olibanum (Xunlu Xiang). Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Nature: Slightly Warm. Non-toxic. Born from the qi of Heaven number three and the transformation of Earth number two. Capable of ascending and descending. Category: Yang.
[Indications] Primarily treats wind-water toxic swelling, removes evil qi, fu-shi (latent blood stasis or tumors), and pruritic rashes/toxins. (Tao Hongjing) Treats deafness, stroke with jaw lock and inability to speak, and women's blood and qi disorders. (Xu Zhicai)
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Heart and Spleen meridians, and additionally the Liver meridian. It is an agent for invigorating blood and relaxing sinews. (Aromatic penetration enters the Heart meridian; bitter-warm enters the Lung; pungent-warm can unblock the twelve meridians)
[Prior Discussions] Li Dongyuan stated: Its aromatic penetration enters the Heart meridian, invigorates blood, and relieves pain, making it an essential herb for treating carbuncles, sores, ulcers, and heart/abdominal pain. Zhao Zong stated: It treats mania... Ao An noted: For patients with persistent abdominal pain due to bloody or white dysentery, adding Ru Xiang is invariably effective.
[Contraindications] Miao Xiong stated: Not suitable for consumption when carbuncles and sores have already ulcerated. Also not advisable to use hastily when there is abundant pus in various sores.