徐之才曰。湿可去枯。白石英、紫石英之属是也。 张从正曰。湿者润湿也。虽与滑类。
少
主
为
味甘。性微温。无毒。
【主治】主补虚乏。益气力。润五脏。消痰止嗽。(开宝)
【归经】入肺脾二经。为滋润之品。
【前论】丹溪曰。饴属土。成于火。大发湿中之热。多食动脾风。能生胃火。此损齿之
因。
鳌按、本草诸米皆可作饴。惟以糯米作者入药。以糯米能补益脏气也。
味甘。性微温。无毒。禀金气以生。降也。阴中阳也。
【主治】主消渴。阴痿不足。咳逆。胸膈间久寒。益气。除风湿痹。(本经) 疗肺痿。
下气。
【归经】入肺大肠二经。为润燥之品。(二经气分药)
【前论】寇氏曰。紫白二石英攻疾。可暂煮汁用。未闻久服之益。仲景只为 咀。不为
细
但
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使白石英。取白如水晶。状若紫石英而差大。六棱者。 用。
味甘辛。性温。无毒。禀土中之阳气以生。降也。阳中阴也。畏附子。恶黄连。
【主治】主心腹咳逆邪气。补不足。女子风寒在子宫。绝孕十年无子。久服温中。(本
经)
疗上气心腹痛。寒热邪气结气。补心气不足。定惊悸。安魂魄。填下焦。止消渴。除胃中久
寒。散痈肿。(别录) 养肺气。治惊痫。蚀脓。(甄权)
【归经】入心肝心包三经。为镇怯润枯之品。(兼重剂 心肝血分药)
【前论】甄权曰。虚而惊悸不安者。宜加用之。 时珍曰。紫石英上能镇心。重以去怯
也。
子血
诸症
故不
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡绝孕。由阴虚火旺。不能摄受精气者。忌用。
【炮制】雷公曰。凡使。取色淡紫莹彻五棱者。火 醋淬七次。水飞。晒干用。
徐之才说:湿法可以治疗枯槁之证。白石英、紫石英这一类药物就是属于此类。张从正说:所谓“湿”,是指润湿的作用。虽然与滑利药同类,但主要功效在于……
(注:原文此处有缺漏或排版错误,“少 主 为”语义不通,结合上下文及《要药分剂》体例,此处应为紫石英的性味主治部分,但原文将白石英、紫石英、紫石英的内容混杂且错乱。根据提供的文本结构,第一段是总论,随后分别列出了三组性味主治归经前论炮制禁忌。仔细观察文本,发现文本实际上包含了三个药物的片段,但标题只写了“紫石英”。然而,文本中出现了“饴属土...本草诸米皆可作饴...惟以糯米作者入药”,这明显是**饴糖**的内容;接着出现“禀金气以生...消渴阴痿...肺痿...入肺大肠二经”,这是**白石英**的内容;最后出现“味甘辛...心腹咳逆...女子风寒在子宫...入心肝心包三经...紫石英上能镇心”,这是**紫石英**的内容。
鉴于用户提供的【背景信息】明确指出章节为“湿剂 / ... / 紫石英”,且待处理原文末尾详细描述了紫石英,中间夹杂了其他药物(可能是原文复制时的错位或该章节对比论述)。为了忠实于“逐句对照翻译”的要求,我将对提供的这段混乱文本进行直译,并在必要时指出其归属,但主要任务是翻译给定的文字。
不过,通常古籍整理中,若标题为紫石英,正文却混入饴糖和白石英,极有可能是OCR错误或复制错误。但在任务一中,我必须翻译**给定原文**。
让我们重新梳理原文逻辑,尝试还原可能的段落对应关系,以便更准确地翻译,同时保持对原文的忠实:
1. **徐之才曰...张从正曰...**:这是关于“湿剂”定义的总论。
2. **味甘。性微温...主补虚乏...入肺脾二经...丹溪曰...饴属土...**:这部分描述的是**饴糖**(麦芽糖),因为提到了“饴属土”、“本草诸米皆可作饴”。
3. **味甘。性微温...禀金气以生...主消渴...入肺大肠二经...寇氏曰...紫白二石英...**:这部分描述的是**白石英**。
4. **味甘辛。性温...禀土中之阳气...主心腹咳逆...入心肝心包三经...甄权曰...时珍曰...紫石英...**:这部分描述的是**紫石英**。
由于题目要求“逐句对照翻译,不遗漏、不增添内容”,且原文结构破碎,我将按原文顺序逐段翻译。对于明显的错乱处,保留原意翻译。
**第一段:总论**
徐之才说:用具有滋润性质的药物可以治疗津液枯槁的病证。白石英、紫石英这类药物就是代表。张从正说:所谓的“湿”,指的是润湿的功效。虽然它与滑利药性质相近,但……(原文此处中断)
**第二段:疑似饴糖条目(原文插入)**
味甘,性微温,无毒。
【主治】主要用于补益虚损疲劳,增强气力,滋润五脏,消除痰液并止咳。(出自《开宝本草》)
【归经】进入肺、脾两经。属于滋润类的药材。
【前论】朱丹溪说:饴糖归属于土,由火所成,容易发散湿气中的热邪。多吃会引动脾风,产生胃火,这是导致牙齿受损的原因。
鳌按(赵学敏按语):本草中各种米都可以制作饴糖,只有用糯米制作的才入药,因为糯米能够补益脏气。
**第三段:疑似白石英条目(原文插入)**
味甘,性微温,无毒。禀受金气而生,药势下降,属于阴中有阳的药物。
【主治】主要用于治疗消渴病,阳痿不足,咳嗽气逆,胸膈间久积的寒邪,补益气力,祛除风湿痹痛。(出自《神农本草经》)治疗肺痿,降下逆气。
【归经】进入肺、大肠两经,属于润燥类的药材。(作用于这两经的气分)
【前论】寇宗奭说:紫石英和白石英攻伐疾病,可以暂时煮汁服用,没听说长期服用的益处。张仲景只是将其咬碎(咀),并不研磨成细粉……(原文此处中断)
**第四段:白石英炮制(原文插入)**
【炮制】雷公说:凡是使用白石英,要选取像水晶一样洁白的,形状像紫石英但稍大,呈六棱形的。……(原文此处中断,缺失具体操作)
**第五段:紫石英条目**
味甘辛,性温,无毒。禀受土中的阳气而生,药势下降,属于阳中有阴的药物。畏忌附子,厌恶黄连。
【主治】主要用于治疗心腹部的咳嗽气逆及邪气,补益不足。对于女子因风寒侵袭子宫导致的十年不孕症有效,长期服用可温暖中焦。(出自《神农本草经》)
治疗上气、心腹痛,寒热邪气及结气,补益心气不足,安定惊悸,使魂魄安宁,填补下焦,止住消渴,去除胃中久寒,消散痈肿。(出自《名医别录》)
养肺气,治疗惊痫,腐蚀脓液。(出自甄权)
【归经】进入心、肝、心包络三经,属于镇怯和润枯的药材。(兼为重镇剂,作用于心、肝的血分)
【前论】甄权说:身体虚弱且有惊悸不安症状的人,适宜加用此药。李时珍说:紫石英在上部能镇心安神,利用其重坠之性来去除怯懦。
……(原文此处有残缺:“子血 诸症 故不”)
【禁忌】缪希雍(字远志,号疏影,此处指《本草经疏》作者)说:凡是因阴虚火旺,不能摄受精气而导致不孕的,忌用此药。
【炮制】雷公说:凡是使用,要选取颜色淡紫、晶莹透彻、呈五棱形的。用火煅烧后,用醋淬炼七次,再用水飞法研磨,晒干后使用。
Xu Zhicai stated: "Moistening agents can treat dryness and withering." White Quartz (Baishiyong) and Purple Quartz (Zishiyong) belong to this category. Zhang Congzheng stated: "Moistening" refers to the action of lubrication and hydration. Although similar in nature to slippery agents, their primary function lies in... [Text incomplete]
[Note: The following text appears to contain entries for Yi Tang (Malt Sugar), Baishi Yong (White Quartz), and Zishi Yong (Purple Quartz) mixed together due to source text errors. Translated sequentially as provided.]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Slightly warm. Non-toxic.
【Indications】Primarily used to tonify deficiency and fatigue, augment Qi and strength, moisten the five Zang organs, resolve phlegm, and stop coughing. (Source: *Kaibao Bencao*)
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Lung and Spleen meridians. It is a moisturizing substance.
【Preceding Discussion】Danyu (Zhu Danxi) stated: "Yi Tang belongs to Earth and is formed by Fire. It easily disperses heat within dampness. Excessive consumption agitates Spleen wind and generates Stomach fire, which is the cause of dental damage."
Ao's Note: Various grains in the Materia Medica can be used to make Yi Tang, but only those made from Glutinous Rice (Nuomi) are used medicinally, because Glutinous Rice can tonify the Qi of the internal organs.
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Slightly warm. Non-toxic. Born from the Qi of Metal; its action descends. It is Yang within Yin.
【Indications】Primarily treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting syndrome), impotence and insufficiency, cough with reverse Qi, chronic cold in the chest and diaphragm, augments Qi, and dispels Wind-Damp Bi obstruction. (Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Treats Fei Wei (Lung Atrophy); directs Qi downward.
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Lung and Large Intestine meridians; it is a drying-moisturizing agent. (Acts on the Qi level of these two meridians).
【Preceding Discussion】Kou Zongshi stated: "Purple and White Quartz attack pathogens; they may be boiled for juice temporarily, but long-term benefits have not been heard of." Zhang Zhongjing merely crushed them (Ju) rather than grinding them into fine powder... [Text incomplete]
【Processing】Leigong stated: "When using White Quartz, select pieces that are white like crystal, shaped like Purple Quartz but slightly larger, and hexagonal in cross-section..." [Text incomplete]
Taste: Sweet and Pungent. Nature: Warm. Non-toxic. Born from the Yang Qi within Earth; its action descends. It is Yin within Yang. It fears Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) and dislikes Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome).
【Indications】Primarily treats heart and abdominal cough with reverse Qi and evil pathogens, tonifies insufficiency. For women suffering from infertility for ten years due to Wind-Cold in the uterus, it is effective. Long-term use warms the Middle Jiao. (Source: *Shennong Bencao Jing*).
Treats upward rushing Qi, heart and abdominal pain, cold-heat pathogens, stagnant Qi, tonifies Heart Qi insufficiency, calms palpitations, stabilizes the Hun and Po, fills the Lower Jiao, stops Xiao Ke, removes chronic cold from the Stomach, and dissipates carbuncles and swellings. (Source: *Mingyi Bielu*).
Nourishes Lung Qi, treats convulsions and epilepsy, and erodes pus. (Source: Zhen Quan).
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Heart, Liver, and Pericardium meridians. It is an agent for calming fear and moistening withering. (Also acts as a heavy sedative, targeting the Blood level of the Heart and Liver).
【Preceding Discussion】Zhen Quan stated: "For those who are deficient and suffer from unsettled palpitations, it is suitable to add this herb." Li Shizhen stated: "Purple Quartz at the upper body can calm the Heart; its heaviness removes timidity."
[Text fragment: Zi Xue, Zhu Zheng, Gu Bu...]
【Contraindications】Jingshu (Miao Xiyong) stated: "For cases of infertility caused by Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, where conception cannot be retained, this herb is contraindicated."
【Processing】Leigong stated: "When using it, select pieces that are pale purple, translucent, and pentagonal in shape. Calcine over fire, quench in vinegar seven times, process by water levigation (Feishui), and dry in the sun for use."