味辛苦。性温。无毒。禀天地正阳之气以生。升也。阳也。
【主治】主风寒所击。金疮止痛。奔豚痫 。女子疝瘕。疗诸贼风。百节痛风。无问久
新
痉痫湿痹
【归经】入肾经。为搜风去湿之品。（少阴引经气分药气缓而善搜）
【前论】汪机曰。二活本非异种。仲景治少阴所用独活。必紧实者。东垣治太阳所用羌
活。
苏恭
人因
乃拨
阳之症
【炮制】时珍曰。凡使。去皮或焙用。二活同。
味性同独活。一名独摇草。得风不摇。无风自动。一物二种。或云。独活是羌活母。
形虚大。有白点如鬼眼。节疏色黄者。为独活。色紫节密气猛烈者。为羌活。俱能引气上升
。通达周身。
【主治】主治与独活同。（本经）主入足太阳以理游风。兼入足少阴厥阴气分。泻肝气。
搜肝风。
要药。（
【归经】入膀胱经。兼入肝肾二经。又入小肠经。为发表搜风胜湿之品。（膀胱小肠行
经
风药 肝肾气分药专治足太阳风湿诸病 气雄善散）
【前论】汪昂曰。中风大法有四。一偏枯半身不遂。二风痱四肢不收。三风 忽不知人。
四
气
中
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡血虚发痉。血虚头痛。及遍身疼痛骨痛。因而带寒热者。俱属内症。
均忌。误用必反剧。
【性味】味道辛苦。性质温。无毒。禀受天地纯正的阳气而生。具有升散的特性。属于阳药。
【主治】主要治疗风寒邪气侵袭所致之证。金创（金属利器造成的创伤）疼痛。奔豚病（气从少腹上冲心胸）、癫痫。女子疝瘕（腹中结块，时聚时散）。治疗各种贼风（不正之风），全身关节痛风。无论病程新久，以及痉病、癫痫、湿痹等症。
【归经】入肾经。是搜剔风邪、祛除湿气的药物。（为足少阴肾经的引经药，药气缓和而善于搜风）
【前论】汪机说：羌活和独活原本不是不同的物种。张仲景治疗少阴病所用的独活，一定是质地紧密坚实的；李东垣治疗太阳病所用的羌活，则是……（原文此处有缺漏或错简，苏恭等人对此有不同见解，认为……乃拨动阳气之症）。
【炮制】李时珍说：凡使用此药，需去掉外皮或者焙干后使用。羌活和独活的炮制方法相同。
羌活的味道和性质与独活相同。又名“独摇草”，得风不摇，无风自动。一物二种。有人说，独活是羌活的母本。羌活形态虚大，有白点如鬼眼，节疏色黄者为独活；色紫节密、气味猛烈者为羌活。二者都能引导气机上升，通达周身。
【主治】主治功效与独活相同。（《神农本草经》记载）主要入足太阳膀胱经以治理游走之风。兼入足少阴肾经、足厥阴肝经的气分。泻肝气。搜肝风。是要用的药物。
【归经】入膀胱经。兼入肝、肾二经。又入小肠经。是发表、搜风、胜湿的药物。（为足太阳膀胱经和足少阳胆经的行经风药，肝肾气分药，专治足太阳风湿诸病，气雄善散）
【前论】汪昂说：中风的大法有四类。一是偏枯半身不遂。二是风痱四肢不收。三是风喑忽不知人。四是……（原文此处有缺漏）。
【禁忌】缪希雍说：凡是血虚引起的发痉、血虚头痛，以及遍身疼痛骨痛，因而带有寒热症状的，都属于内伤病症。均忌用羌活、独活。误用必然导致病情加重。
[Properties and Flavor] Pungent, bitter. Warm in nature. Non-toxic. It is born by inheriting the pure yang qi of heaven and earth. It ascends. It is a yang herb.
[Indications] Primarily treats conditions struck by wind-cold. Relieves pain from metal wounds (trauma caused by sharp instruments). Treats Ben Tun disease (a condition where qi rushes upward from the lower abdomen to the chest), epilepsy. Treats women's Shan Jia (abdominal masses that gather and disperse). Treats various "thief winds" (pathogenic winds), gouty pain in all joints. Regardless of whether the duration is new or chronic, as well as for spasms, epilepsy, and damp-bi syndrome.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Kidney Meridian. It is an agent for searching out wind and removing dampness. (It is a Qi-moving drug for the Shaoyin meridian guide, with mild qi and good efficacy in searching out wind.)
[Preceding Discussions] Wang Ji stated: Qiang Huo and Du Huo were originally not different species. The Du Huo used by Zhang Zhongjing to treat Shaoyin diseases must be tight and solid; the Qiang Huo used by Li Dongyuan to treat Taiyang diseases... [Text missing/corrupted here, Su Gong and others had differing views, believing it relates to...] stirring up yang symptoms.
[Processing] Li Shizhen said: When using it, remove the skin or use after roasting/baking. This applies to both Qiang Huo and Du Huo.
Qiang Huo has the same flavor and properties as Du Huo. Also known as "Du Yao Cao" (Swaying Grass); it does not sway when there is wind, but moves automatically when there is no wind. One substance, two types. Some say Du Huo is the mother of Qiang Huo. Those with a hollow and large shape, white spots like ghost eyes, sparse nodes, and yellow color are Du Huo; those with purple color, dense nodes, and fierce aroma are Qiang Huo. Both can guide qi upward and penetrate the whole body.
[Indications] Indications and treatments are the same as Du Huo. (Recorded in *Shennong Bencao Jing*). Primarily enters the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian to regulate wandering wind. Also enters the Qi aspect of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian. Drains Liver Qi. Searches out Liver Wind. It is an essential medicine.
[Meridian Tropism] Enters the Bladder Meridian. Also enters the Liver and Kidney meridians. Furthermore enters the Small Intestine Meridian. It is an agent for releasing the exterior, searching out wind, and overcoming dampness. (Wind drug for the Bladder and Small Intestine meridians; Liver-Kidney Qi aspect drug; specifically treats various wind-damp diseases of the Foot-Taiyang; strong qi, good at dispersing.)
[Preceding Discussions] Wang Ang stated: There are four major categories of stroke. First, hemiplegia with half-body paralysis. Second, Feng Fe (wind flaccidity) with inability to move limbs. Third, Feng Yin (wind aphasia) with sudden loss of consciousness. Fourth... [Text missing].
[Contraindications] Miao Xiyong said: Whenever there are spasms due to blood deficiency, headaches due to blood deficiency, and body-wide bone/joint pain accompanied by chills and fever, these all belong to internal disorders. Qiang Huo and Du Huo are contraindicated. Misuse will inevitably worsen the condition.