仲景《伤寒论》，篇篇可法，但成于汉末，传写多讹，错简亦复不少。如论中下利、呕逆，用十枣汤峻剂攻
之。阳重衄血，以麻黄汤发之。发汗病解反恶寒，“病解”之中，多一“不”字。心下痞，按之濡，“濡”字
之上少一“不”字之类。诸家遵经注解，不得不穿凿附会，致令千古不可多得之书，不能传信于世，良可惜也！
今加正误一一列明，每条凡〔 〕内系改正之文也；（ ）内者原文所有，或移上，或移下，或他处移入及原
文所无而补之者也。字上加{ }，删去者也。尤有整节舛谬者三十五条，证不与脉符，药不与病合，虽有是方，
世无其病，即有其病，难用是药，承讹袭谬，无济实用。然其中尚有可采之句，所以各篇不动经文，强加注释，
复录原文，附于卷末，以志阙疑云。
桂枝汤方
桂枝（{去皮}三两） 芍药（三两） 甘草（炙，二两） 生姜（切，三两） 大枣（擘，十二枚）
【按】桂枝汤方，原文有“去皮”二字。夫桂枝气味辛甘，全在于皮，若去皮是枯木矣，如何有解肌发
汗之功耶？当删之，后仿此。
若脉和，其人大烦，目重{脸}〔睑〕内际黄者，此欲解也。
【按】“脸”字当是“睑”。睑，眼弦也。作“脸”字非，当改之。
太阳中风{下}〔不〕利呕逆，表解者，乃可攻之。其人 汗出，发{作}〔热〕有时，头痛，心下痞硬满，
引胁下痛，干呕短气，汗出不恶寒者，此表解里未和也，十枣汤主之。
【按】“下利”之“下”字，当是“不”字。若是“下”字，岂有上呕下利而用十枣汤峻剂攻之之理乎？
惟其大便不利，痞硬满痛，始属里病；小便不利，呕逆短气，始属饮病，乃可峻攻。发作之“作”字，当是
“热”字，始与太阳阳邪热饮之义相合。若无热汗出，乃少阴阴邪寒饮，真武汤证也。且“作”字与上下句文
义皆不相属，当改之。
太阳病，下之，其脉{促}〔浮〕不结胸者，此为欲解也。脉{浮}〔促〕者，必结胸；脉{紧}〔细数〕者，
必咽痛；脉弦者，必两胁拘急；脉{细数}（紧）者，头痛未止；脉沉紧者，必欲呕；脉沉滑者，协热利；脉浮
〔数〕滑者，必下血。
【按】“脉促”当是“脉浮”，始与不结胸为欲解之文义相属。“脉浮”当是“脉促”，始与论中结胸、
胸满同义。“脉紧”当是“脉细数”，“脉细数”当是“脉紧”，始同论中二经本脉。“脉浮滑”当是“脉数
滑”，浮滑是论中白虎汤证之脉，数滑是论中下脓血之脉。均当改之。
太阳病，二三日，不能卧，但欲起，心下必结。脉微弱者，此本有寒分也。反下之，
若利止，必作结胸；未止者，四日复下{之}〔利〕，此作协热利也。
【按】“四日复下之”之“之”字，当是“利”字。上文利未止，岂有复下之理乎？当改之。
太阳病下之后，脉促胸满者，桂枝去芍药汤主之。若（汗出）微恶寒，去芍药方中，加附子汤主之。
【按】“微恶寒”之上，当有“汗出”二字，若无“汗出”二字，乃表未解也，无加附子之理，当补之。
太阳病，脉浮而动数，浮则为风，数则为热，动则为痛，{数则为虚}，头痛发热，微盗汗出，而反恶寒者，
表未解也。医反下之，动数变迟，膈内拒痛，胃中空虚，客气动膈，短气烦躁，心中懊 ，阳气内陷，心下因
硬，则为结胸，大陷胸汤主之。若不结胸，但头汗出，余无汗，剂颈而还，小便不利，身必发黄也。
【按】“数则为虚”句，衍文也，当删之。
寒实结胸，无热证者，与三物{小陷胸汤}白散。{亦可服}。
【按】“与三物小陷胸汤”，当是“三物白散”。“小陷胸汤”四字，当是错简。桔梗、贝母、巴豆三物，
其色皆白，有三物白散之义，温而能攻，与寒实之理相合，小陷胸汤乃栝蒌、黄连，皆性寒之品，岂可以治寒
实结胸之证耶？“亦可服”三字，亦衍文也，俱当删之。
张仲景的《伤寒论》，每一篇都值得效法，但该书成书于汉代末年，在传抄过程中出现了许多错误，竹简错乱的情况也不少。例如，书中提到下利、呕逆时，使用十枣汤（峻猛攻下的方剂）来攻逐；阳气重导致鼻衄（鼻出血），用麻黄汤（发汗解表方剂）来发汗；发汗后病证解除反而恶寒，“病解”之中多了一个“不”字；心下痞满，按之柔软，“濡”字之上少了一个“不”字等等。各家遵循经典进行注解，不得不牵强附会，致使这部千古难多得的好书，无法真实地流传于世，实在令人惋惜！现在逐一列出正误之处，凡是在〔 〕内的文字是改正后的内容；在（ ）内的文字是原文原本就有的，或者是从上面移下来的、从下面移上来的、从别处移入的以及原文没有而补上的。字上加{ }表示删去的内容。更有整节内容谬误的有三十五条，症状与脉象不符，药物与病症不合，虽然有这个方子，世上却没有这种病，即使有这种病，也难以使用这个药，沿袭错误，对实际应用毫无帮助。然而其中仍有可取的句子，所以各篇不动经文，强行加以注释，又抄录原文，附在卷末，以表示保留疑问。
桂枝汤方
桂枝（{去皮}三两） 芍药（三两） 甘草（炙，二两） 生姜（切，三两） 大枣（擘，十二枚）
【按】桂枝汤方中，原文有“去皮”二字。桂枝的气味辛甘，全在于皮，如果去掉皮就是枯木了，怎么还有解肌发汗的功效呢？应当删去，后面仿照此例。
如果脉象平和，病人十分烦躁，眼睑内侧发黄，这是将要痊愈的表现。
【按】“脸”字应当是“睑”。睑，指眼睫毛边缘。写作“脸”字不对，应当改正。
太阳中风证，如果不出现下利和呕逆，表证解除后，才可以攻里。病人汗出，发热有时，头痛，心下痞硬胀满，牵引胁下疼痛，干呕短气，汗出且不恶寒的，这是表证已解而里气未和，用十枣汤主治。
【按】“下利”的“下”字，应当是“不”字。如果是“下”字，哪有上边呕吐下边腹泻却还用十枣汤这样峻猛的方剂来攻逐的道理呢？只有大便不通畅，痞硬胀满疼痛，才属于里病；小便不通畅，呕逆短气，才属于饮邪为病，才可以峻猛攻逐。“发作”的“作”字，应当是“热”字，这才符合太阳阳邪热饮的意义。如果没有热而汗出，那是少阴阴邪寒饮，是真武汤（温阳利水方剂）的证候。而且“作”字与上下句的文义都不相属，应当改正。
太阳病，经过泻下治疗后，脉象浮而不形成结胸证的，这是将要痊愈的表现。脉象促急的，必定形成结胸；脉象细数的，必定咽喉痛；脉象弦的，必定两胁拘急；脉象紧的（原注：细数），头痛未止；脉象沉紧的，必定想呕吐；脉象沉滑的，伴有热利的下利；脉象浮数滑的，必定便血。
【按】“脉促”应当是“脉浮”，这才与不形成结胸且将要痊愈的文义相属。“脉浮”应当是“脉促”，这才与《伤寒论》中结胸、胸满的含义相同。“脉紧”应当是“脉细数”，“脉细数”应当是“脉紧”，这才同于《伤寒论》中两经的本脉。“脉浮滑”应当是“脉数滑”，浮滑是《伤寒论》中白虎汤证（清热生津方剂）的脉象，数滑是《伤寒论》中下脓血的脉象。都应当改正。
太阳病，过了两三天，不能躺卧，只想起来，心下必定结滞。脉象微弱的，这是本有寒饮。如果误用泻下法，
如果腹泻停止，必定形成结胸；如果腹泻未停止，第四天再次出现腹泻，这是形成协热利（伴随发热的下利）。
【按】“四日复下之”的“之”字，应当是“利”字。上文说腹泻未停止，哪有再次泻下的道理呢？应当改正。
太阳病泻下之后，脉象促急且胸满的，用桂枝去芍药汤（桂枝汤去掉芍药）主治。如果（汗出）轻微恶寒，在去芍药的方中加入附子（制附子）主治。
【按】“微恶寒”之上，应当有“汗出”二字，如果没有“汗出”二字，那就是表证未解，没有加入附子的道理，应当补上。
太阳病，脉象浮而动数，浮脉主风，数脉主热，动脉主痛，{数则为虚}，头痛发热，微微盗汗，反而恶寒的，这是表证未解。医生反而用泻下法，动数脉变为迟脉，膈内抗拒疼痛，胃中空虚，客气（外邪）扰动膈部，短气烦躁，心中懊恼，阳气内陷，心下因此变硬，这就形成结胸，用大陷胸汤（泻热逐水方剂）主治。如果不形成结胸，只是头部出汗，其余部位无汗，汗水仅到颈部为止，小便不利，身体必定发黄。
【按】“数则为虚”这一句，是衍文（多余的文字），应当删去。
寒实结胸，没有热证的，给予三物{小陷胸汤}白散。{也可以服用}。
【按】“给予三物小陷胸汤”，应当是“三物白散”。“小陷胸汤”四字，是错简（竹简顺序错乱导致的文字错误）。桔梗、贝母、巴豆三味药，颜色都是白色，符合三物白散的含义，性温而能攻逐，与寒实结胸的病理相合，小陷胸汤是由栝蒌、黄连组成，都是性寒的药物，怎么能用来治疗寒实结胸的证候呢？“亦可服”三字，也是衍文，都应当删去。
Zhang Zhongjing's *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases) is worthy of emulation in every chapter. However, as it was completed at the end of the Han Dynasty, numerous errors occurred during transmission and copying, and bamboo slips were often misplaced. For instance, regarding diarrhea and vomiting in the text, the Shizao Tang (Ten-Date Decoction), a harsh purgative formula, is used to attack them. For epistaxis (nosebleed) caused by excessive Yang heat, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is used to induce sweating. After inducing sweating, if the disease resolves but aversion to cold remains, there is an extra "not" character within "disease resolves." Regarding epigastric fullness and stuffiness that feels soft upon palpation, the character "soft" lacks a preceding "not." Various scholars following the classics for annotation are forced to resort to far-fetched interpretations, causing this rare, invaluable book of the ages to fail to be transmitted authentically to the world, which is truly regrettable! Now, I list the corrections one by one: text within [ ] indicates corrected content; text within ( ) indicates original text that has been moved from above or below, inserted from elsewhere, or added where missing. Text enclosed in { } indicates deletions. Furthermore, there are thirty-five sections with gross errors where symptoms do not match pulses, and medicines do not fit diseases. Although these formulas exist, such diseases are rare in practice; even if they occur, these medicines are difficult to apply. Following errors without correction aids no practical use. Yet, there are still valuable sentences within. Therefore, I have not altered the original text in each chapter but have added strong annotations, copied the original text again, and appended it to the end of the volume to record doubts.
Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) Formula
Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) ({remove bark} 3 liang) Shaoyao (Peony Root) (3 liang) Gancao (Licorice Root) (honey-fried, 2 liang) Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) (sliced, 3 liang) Dazao (Jujube) (broken open, 12 pieces)
[Commentary] In the Guizhi Tang formula, the original text contains the characters "remove bark." The flavor and aroma of Cinnamon Twig are entirely contained in its bark; if the bark is removed, it becomes dead wood, how could it retain the efficacy of releasing the muscle layer and inducing sweating? It should be deleted; subsequent cases follow this example.
If the pulse is harmonious, the patient is greatly restless, and the inner canthus of the eyelids appears yellow, this indicates the disease is about to resolve.
[Commentary] The character "lian" (face) should be "jian" (eyelid). "Jian" refers to the margin of the eyelid. Writing it as "lian" is incorrect and should be corrected.
In Taiyang Wind Strike syndrome, if there is no diarrhea and vomiting, and the exterior syndrome has resolved, only then can internal attack be performed. If the patient sweats, has intermittent fever, headache, epigastric hardness and fullness radiating pain to the hypochondrium, dry retching, shortness of breath, sweats without aversion to cold, this indicates the exterior is resolved but the interior is disharmonious; Shizao Tang (Ten-Date Decoction) governs this.
[Commentary] The character "xia" (down/below) in "xiali" (diarrhea) should be "bu" (not). If it were "xia," what logic would justify using the harsh purgative Shizao Tang for simultaneous upper vomiting and lower diarrhea? Only when bowel movements are obstructed, accompanied by epigastric hardness, fullness, and pain, does it belong to interior disease; when urination is obstructed, accompanied by vomiting, retching, and shortness of breath, does it belong to fluid retention disease, allowing for harsh purgation. The character "zuo" (act/start) in "fazu" (onset/attack) should be "re" (heat), aligning with the meaning of Taiyang Yang pathogen and heat-fluid. Without heat but with sweating, it belongs to Shaoyin Yin pathogen and cold-fluid, which is a Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) pattern. Moreover, the character "zuo" does not connect with the context above and below and should be corrected.
In Taiyang disease, after purgation, if the pulse is floating and chest binding (Jie Xiong) does not form, this indicates the disease is about to resolve. If the pulse is rapid and intermittent (Cu), chest binding will definitely form; if the pulse is fine and rapid (Xi Shu), throat pain will definitely occur; if the pulse is wiry (Xian), bilateral hypochondriac stiffness will definitely occur; if the pulse is tight (Jin) [original note: fine and rapid], headache will not cease; if the pulse is deep and tight (Chen Jin), vomiting will definitely occur; if the pulse is deep and slippery (Chen Hua), hot diarrhea will occur; if the pulse is floating, rapid, and slippery (Fu Shu Hua), hematochezia (blood in stool) will definitely occur.
[Commentary] "Pulse Cu" should be "pulse Fu" (floating), to align with the meaning of no chest binding and impending resolution. "Pulse Fu" should be "pulse Cu" (rapid and intermittent), to align with the meaning of chest binding and chest fullness in the treatise. "Pulse Jin" (tight) should be "pulse Xi Shu" (fine and rapid), and "pulse Xi Shu" should be "pulse Jin," to correspond to the primary pulses of the two meridians in the treatise. "Pulse Fu Hua" (floating and slippery) should be "pulse Shu Hua" (rapid and slippery); floating and slippery is the pulse for Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) patterns, while rapid and slippery is the pulse for passing pus and blood. All should be corrected.
In Taiyang disease, after two or three days, if the patient cannot lie down but wishes to rise, the epigastrium must be knotted. If the pulse is weak and faint, this indicates pre-existing cold-fluid. If purgation is wrongly applied,
if the diarrhea stops, chest binding will definitely form; if it does not stop, and diarrhea recurs on the fourth day, this forms Xiere Li (diarrhea accompanying heat).
[Commentary] The character "zhi" (it) in "si ri fu xia zhi" (fourth day again purge it) should be "li" (diarrhea). Since the text previously stated diarrhea had not stopped, how could purgation be repeated? It should be corrected.
After purgation in Taiyang disease, if the pulse is rapid and intermittent and there is chest fullness, Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction without Peony Root) governs this. If (sweating occurs and there is) slight aversion to cold, add Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Root) to the formula without Peony Root to govern this.
[Commentary] Above "slight aversion to cold," the characters "sweating occurs" should be added. Without "sweating occurs," the exterior would not be resolved, and there would be no rationale for adding Aconite; it should be supplemented.
In Taiyang disease, if the pulse is floating, moving, and rapid (Dong Shu): floating indicates wind, rapid indicates heat, moving indicates pain, {rapid indicates deficiency}, headache and fever occur, slight night sweating happens, yet there is aversion to cold; this indicates the exterior is not resolved. If the physician wrongly applies purgation, the moving and rapid pulse changes to slow (Chi). There is resistance and pain inside the diaphragm, the stomach is empty and deficient, external pathogens disturb the diaphragm, causing shortness of breath and irritability, mental restlessness (Ao Nu), internal sinking of Yang Qi, leading to epigastric hardness, forming chest binding, governed by Daxiexiong Tang (Great Trapping-in-the-Chest Decoction). If chest binding does not form, but there is sweating only on the head, with no sweat elsewhere, stopping at the neck, combined with dysuria, jaundice will definitely develop.
[Commentary] The sentence "rapid indicates deficiency" is a superfluous text (Yanwen) and should be deleted.
For Cold-Excess Chest Binding without heat signs, administer Sanwu {Xiao Xiexiong Tang} Baisan (Three-Material White Powder). {Can also be taken}.
[Commentary] "Administer Sanwu Xiao Xiexiong Tang" should be "Sanwu Baisan." The four characters "Xiao Xiexiong Tang" (Small Trapping-in-the-Chest Decoction) are due to misplaced bamboo slips. Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb), and Badou (Croton Seed) are all white in color, fitting the meaning of Sanwu Baisan; it is warm and attacking, matching the pathology of cold-excess. Xiao Xiexiong Tang consists of Gualou (Trichosanthes Fruit) and Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), both cold-natured substances; how can they treat cold-excess chest binding? The three characters "can also be taken" are also superfluous text and should be deleted.