诸喘皆属于火，肺者藏之长也，为心华盖，心火炎上，则肺焦叶举，气逆不利而喘也，有因风寒而喘者，有
因伤食而喘者，惟疮疹之喘，独属于火，若加泄利腹胀烦躁，则不可治。如初发热便喘者，前胡枳壳汤主之，
大便秘者可用，服此不止，以葶苈丸治之。如喘而大便自利者，黄芩汤（痘腹痛）加五味子、人参主之。痘出
后喘急痰盛，宜杏甘汤、人参清膈散（咳嗽）。痘疮已出未靥之间喘渴，白术散（渴）甚者木香散（审系虚寒之证，方
可用之）。如疮正盛，忽然喘急者，此恶候也，当详审之，如因伤食，谷气蒸而为热，上秉于肺作喘者，宜利之，
丁香脾积丸（伤食）主之，食去热除，喘自定也。如因感冒风寒而喘者，麻黄汤主之。如泄泻内虚腹胀而喘者，陈氏木
香
散（泻）主之，利止喘定者生，滑利不禁，喘满增盛者，此气脱候也。收靥后，腹胀喘渴，大
便利，小便涩，葶苈木香散。喘而嗽，五味子汤。喘渴，靥后余毒不除，大便坚
实，前胡枳壳散。
钱氏法，喘而腹满，大小便涩者利小便，不瘥者，宣风散（痘发热）下之。海藏法，疮疹肺不利，紫草甘草枳壳
汤。陈氏法，痘出之间或气促者，木香散主之。薛氏法，脾肺虚弱，白术散（渴）。脾肺虚寒，木香散（痘泻）。热
毒内蕴，紫草甘草枳壳汤。风邪外感，参苏饮（初热）。内外壅滞，人参清膈散（痘嗽）。大便自利，小便涩滞，葶
苈木香散。大便坚实，前胡枳壳散。
杏甘汤 治疮痘烦喘渴躁。
麻黄 桑白皮 杏仁 甘草
上等分，为粗末。每服三钱，水一盏煎，食后服。
麻黄汤
麻黄 杏仁 甘草（各等分） 石膏（倍用）
上锉细。加腊茶叶一钱，水一盏，煎七分，去滓服，无时。一方，无石膏，有桑白皮。
前胡枳壳汤 治痰实壮热，胸中壅闷，卧则喘急。
前胡 枳壳 赤茯苓 甘草（炙，各五钱） 大黄（量儿加减）
上 咀。每服三钱，水一盏，煎六分，旋服。
葶苈丸
甜葶苈 黑牵牛（炒） 杏仁（另研） 汉防己（各一两）
上为末，入杏膏，取蒸陈枣肉和捣为丸，如麻子大。每服五丸至七丸，淡生姜汤下。
葶苈木香散 治大便自利，小便涩滞，喘嗽，腹胀不能食，宜多服为妙。
猪苓 泽泻 茯苓 白术 官桂 葶苈 木通 木香 甘草（各半钱） 滑石（二钱）
上锉散。水一盏，煎半盏，空肚温服。忌油腻。分为二服。
紫草甘草枳壳汤
紫草 甘草 枳壳（各等分）
上，每服一二钱，水煎。
葛根黄芩汤 治喘有汗，发热咳嗽。
干葛 黄芩（各二钱） 黄连 芍药 石膏（各一钱） 五味子（十一粒） 甘草（五分）
水煎服。
五味子汤 治喘促而厥。
五味子（一钱半） 人参（一钱） 麦门冬 杏仁（各二钱）
上，姜三片，枣三枚，水煎服。
六味凉血消毒散
犀角（如无，用升麻） 牡丹皮 当归 生地黄 赤芍药 生甘草（各等分）
上，每服三五钱，水煎。
各种气喘都归属于火邪。肺是五脏中位置最高的脏器，如同心的华盖（保护心脏的伞盖）。如果心火炎上，就会导致肺叶焦枯、肺气上逆不利而引发气喘。有的气喘是因为风寒引起的，有的是因为伤食引起的。只有疮疹（痘疮）引起的气喘，才单独归属于火邪。如果在此基础上又出现腹泻、腹胀、烦躁等症状，就属于不可治疗的危候。
如果在刚开始发热时就出现气喘，应当以前胡枳壳汤为主治方剂；如果大便秘结也可以使用此方。服用此方后气喘不止，可以用葶苈丸来治疗。如果气喘且大便自行泄泻，应当用黄芩汤（适用于痘疮腹痛者）加五味子、人参为主治方剂。痘疮发出之后，如果出现气喘急促、痰多旺盛的情况，适宜使用杏甘汤或人参清膈散（适用于咳嗽者）。痘疮已经发出但尚未结痂期间，若出现气喘口渴，可用白术散（适用于口渴者）；病情严重的可用木香散（需仔细辨证确认为虚寒证候后方可使用）。如果疮毒正盛时，突然发生气喘急促，这是恶候，应当详细审察病因。如果是因伤食导致谷气蒸腾化为热邪，上扰于肺而致气喘，应当采用通利的方法，以丁香脾积丸（适用于伤食者）为主治方剂；待食积去除、热邪消除，气喘自然平息。如果是因感冒风寒而致气喘，以麻黄汤为主治方剂。如果是因泄泻导致体内虚弱、腹胀而气喘，以陈氏木香散（适用于泄泻者）为主治方剂；若利止喘定则有望生存，若滑利不禁、气喘胀满加重，则是气脱的危候。在收靥（结痂脱落）之后，若出现腹胀、气喘、口渴，大便通畅但小便涩滞，可用葶苈木香散。若气喘伴有咳嗽，用五味子汤。若气喘口渴，是痘疮收靥后余毒未除，且大便坚实，可用前胡枳壳散。
钱乙的治疗方法：气喘且腹部胀满，大小便涩滞的，先通利小便；若不愈，再用宣风散（适用于痘疮发热者）攻下。张元素（海藏）的治疗方法：疮疹导致肺气不利，用紫草甘草枳壳汤。陈氏的治疗方法：痘疮发出过程中出现气促的，以木香散为主治方剂。薛己的治疗方法：脾肺虚弱，用白术散（适用于口渴者）；脾肺虚寒，用木香散（适用于痘疮泄泻者）；热毒内蕴，用紫草甘草枳壳汤；外感风邪，用参苏饮（适用于初热阶段）；内外壅滞，用人参清膈散（适用于痘疮咳嗽者）；大便自利、小便涩滞，用葶苈木香散；大便坚实，用前胡枳壳散。
杏甘汤：治疗疮痘烦闷气喘、口渴躁动。
组成：麻黄、桑白皮、杏仁、甘草。
制法与用法：以上药材等分，研为粗末。每次服用三钱，加水一盏煎煮，饭后服用。
麻黄汤：
组成：麻黄、杏仁、甘草（各等分），石膏（用量加倍）。
制法与用法：切碎细锉。加入腊茶叶一钱，加水一盏，煎至七分，去渣服用，不拘时候。另一版本方无石膏，有桑白皮。
前胡枳壳汤：治疗痰实壮热，胸中壅闷，卧位时气喘急促。
组成：前胡、枳壳、赤茯苓、甘草（炙，各五钱），大黄（根据患儿年龄酌情加减）。
制法与用法：切碎。每次服用三钱，加水一盏，煎至六分，随时服用。
葶苈丸：
组成：甜葶苈、黑牵牛（炒）、杏仁（另研）、汉防己（各一两）。
制法与用法：以上研为细末，加入杏膏，取蒸熟的老枣肉调和捣烂制成丸药，如麻子大小。每次服用五丸至七丸，用淡生姜汤送服。
葶苈木香散：治疗大便自利，小便涩滞，气喘咳嗽，腹胀不能进食，宜多服用效果更佳。
组成：猪苓、泽泻、茯苓、白术、官桂、葶苈、木通、木香、甘草（各半钱），滑石（二钱）。
制法与用法：切碎成散剂。加水一盏，煎至半盏，空腹温服。忌食油腻食物。分为两次服用。
紫草甘草枳壳汤：
组成：紫草、甘草、枳壳（各等分）。
制法与用法：以上药材，每次服用一二钱，加水煎煮。
葛根黄芩汤：治疗气喘有汗，发热咳嗽。
组成：干葛、黄芩（各二钱），黄连、芍药、石膏（各一钱），五味子（十一粒），甘草（五分）。
制法与用法：加水煎煮服用。
五味子汤：治疗气喘急促且四肢厥冷。
组成：五味子（一钱半），人参（一钱），麦门冬、杏仁（各二钱）。
制法与用法：以上药材，加生姜三片、大枣三枚，加水煎煮服用。
六味凉血消毒散：
组成：犀角（如无犀角，可用升麻代替）、牡丹皮、当归、生地黄、赤芍药、生甘草（各等分）。
制法与用法：以上药材，每次服用三五钱，加水煎煮。
All types of wheezing (asthma) are attributed to Fire pathogen. The Lung is the chief among the Zang organs, serving as the canopy (Huagai) for the Heart. If Heart Fire flares upward, it scorches the Lung leaves and causes Qi rebellion and obstruction, resulting in wheezing. Some cases of wheezing are caused by Wind-Cold, while others are caused by Food Stagnation. However, wheezing caused by Chanmei (smallpox/chickenpox rash) is exclusively attributed to Fire. If accompanied by diarrhea, abdominal distension, and irritability, it becomes an incurable critical condition.
If wheezing occurs immediately upon the onset of fever, Qianhu Zhike Tang (Peucedanum and Aurantium Decoction) should be used as the primary formula; it can also be used if there is constipation. If wheezing persists after taking this formula, Tingli Wan (Descurainia Pill) should be administered. If wheezing is accompanied by spontaneous diarrhea, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction, indicated for abdominal pain due to smallpox) with added Wuweizi (Schisandra) and Renshen (Ginseng) should be used. After the eruption of smallpox, if wheezing is rapid and phlegm is profuse, Xinggan Tang (Apricot Kernel and Licorice Decoction) or Ren Shen Qingge San (Ginseng Clear Diaphragm Powder, indicated for cough) should be employed. During the period between eruption and crusting of smallpox, if wheezing and thirst occur, Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder, indicated for thirst) should be used; for severe cases, Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder, only usable after careful differentiation confirming a Deficiency-Cold pattern) may be used. If the rash is at its peak and sudden rapid wheezing occurs, this is a malignant sign requiring detailed examination. If the cause is Food Stagnation where Grain Qi steams into Heat and harasses the Lung causing wheezing, purgation is indicated, using Dingpi Ji Wan (Clove Spleen Accumulation Pill, indicated for food stagnation); once the food stagnation is removed and heat eliminated, the wheezing will naturally subside. If wheezing is caused by contracting Wind-Cold, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) should be used. If wheezing results from internal deficiency due to diarrhea and abdominal distension, Chen's Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder, indicated for diarrhea) should be used. If diarrhea stops and wheezing subsides, survival is possible; if incontinence occurs and wheezing and fullness increase severely, this indicates Qi Collapse. After the crusts fall off, if abdominal distension, wheezing, and thirst occur with free stool but scanty urine, Tingli Muxiang San (Descurainia and Costus Root Powder) should be used. For wheezing with cough, Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) is indicated. For wheezing and thirst due to residual toxins remaining after crusting, with hard stools, Qianhu Zhike San (Peucedanum and Aurantium Powder) should be used.
Qian Yi's method: For wheezing with abdominal fullness and obstructed urination and defecation, first promote urination. If ineffective, use Xuanfeng San (Promoting Wind Powder, indicated for fever due to smallpox) to purge. Zhang Yuansu's (Haizang) method: For smallpash causing Lung Qi obstruction, use Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang (Arnebia, Licorice, and Aurantium Decoction). Chen Shi's method: For shortness of breath during the eruption of smallpox, Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder) is the primary formula. Xue Ji's method: For Spleen and Lung Deficiency, use Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder, indicated for thirst); for Spleen and Lung Deficiency-Cold, use Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder, indicated for smallpox diarrhea); for internal accumulation of Heat-Toxin, use Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang (Arnebia, Licorice, and Aurantium Decoction); for external contraction of Wind Pathogen, use Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Infusion, indicated for initial fever); for internal and external stagnation, use Renshen Qingge San (Ginseng Clear Diaphragm Powder, indicated for smallpox cough); for spontaneous diarrhea and obstructed urination, use Tingli Muxiang San (Descurainia and Costus Root Powder); for hard stools, use Qianhu Zhike San (Peucedanum and Aurantium Powder).
Xinggan Tang (Apricot Kernel and Licorice Decoction): Treats irritability, wheezing, thirst, and restlessness due to smallpox/rash.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Morus Cortex (Sangbaipi), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao).
Preparation and Administration: Equal parts of the above ingredients, ground into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one sheng of water, and take after meals.
Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction):
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (equal parts), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (double dosage).
Preparation and Administration: Cut finely. Add 1 qian of dried tea leaves, decoct with one sheng of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain, and take at any time. Another version excludes Shigao and includes Morus Cortex (Sangbaipi).
Qianhu Zhike Tang (Peucedanum and Aurantium Decoction): Treats phlegm-accumulation with high fever, chest oppression, and wheezing when lying down.
Ingredients: Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Poria Cocos (Fuling, specifically Chifuling here), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried) (5 qian each), Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang) (dosage adjusted according to age).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct with one sheng of water until reduced to 0.6 sheng, and take frequently.
Tingli Wan (Descurainia Pill):
Ingredients: Descurainiae Semen (Tingli, sweet variety), Sinapis Semen Nigrum (QianNiu, stir-fried), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, separately ground), Podopteri Radix (Hanfangji) (1 liang each).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder, add Apricot Paste, mix with flesh of steamed old dates, and knead into pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 5 to 7 pills per dose, washed down with light ginger soup.
Tingli Muxiang San (Descurainia and Costus Root Powder): Treats spontaneous diarrhea, obstructed urination, wheezing and cough, abdominal distension, and inability to eat. It is advisable to take multiple doses for better effect.
Ingredients: Polypori Umbellati (Zhu Ling), Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie), Poria Cocos (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guangui), Descurainiae Semen (Tingli), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 qian each), Talcum (Huashi) (2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into fragments and make into powder. Decoct with one sheng of water until reduced to half a sheng, take warm on an empty stomach. Avoid greasy food. Divide into two doses.
Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang (Arnebia, Licorice, and Aurantium Decoction):
Ingredients: Arnebiae Radix seu Rhizoma (Zicao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Take 1-2 qian per dose, decoct with water.
Gegen Huangqin Tang (Kudzu and Scutellaria Decoction): Treats wheezing with sweating, fever, and cough.
Ingredients: Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (2 qian each), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (1 qian each), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (11 grains), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct with water and take.
Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction): Treats rapid wheezing with cold limbs.
Ingredients: Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (1.5 qian), Ginseng Radix (Renshen) (1 qian), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maidong), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (2 qian each).
Preparation and Administration: Add 3 slices of fresh ginger and 3 jujubes, decoct with water, and take.
Liawei Liangxue Xiaodu San (Six-Ingredient Cooling Blood and Detoxifying Powder):
Ingredients: Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao; substitute with Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) if unavailable), Paeoniae Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Take 3-5 qian per dose, decoct with water.