寒热者，证如疟状，阴阳相胜也，先寒而后热阳不足，先热而后寒阴不足，寒
多而热少，阴胜阳也，热多而寒少，阳胜阴也，寒热相半，阴阳交攻也，寒热隔日阴阳乍
离也，阳盛发热，阴盛发寒也。其有头疼汗出者，有呕吐不食者，有憎寒而饮水者，
壮热而饮汤者，有筋骨疼痛者，或泻或秘，或内寒而外热，或内热而外寒，又有寒
而腹中痛，热而腹中鸣，是有食积也。治法，因于食积者，当用白饼子下之，次行
补助，以钱氏白术散。寒多热少者小柴胡汤加桂。热多寒少者白虎汤加桂。寒热相
半者并用小柴胡汤主之。〔薛〕经曰∶阳虚则外寒，阴虚则内热，阳盛则外热，阴
盛则内寒。寒热往来，此乃阴阳相胜也，故寒气并于阴则发寒，阳气并于阳则发热，
寸口脉微为阳不足，阴气上入阳中则恶寒，尺脉弱为阴不足，阳气下入阴中则发热，
阳不足则先寒后热，阴不足则先热后寒，阴阳不归其分则寒热交争也。又上盛则发
热，下盛则发寒，阳胜则乍热，阴胜则乍寒，阴阳相胜，虚实不调，故邪气更作而
寒热往来，或乍寒乍热也。少阳胆者，肝之府，界乎太阳阳明之间，半表半里之分，
阴阳之气，易于相乘，故寒热多主肝胆经证，以小柴胡汤加减调之。若只见寒热，
起居如常，久而不愈，及大病后元气未复，悉属阴虚生热，阳虚生寒，宜用八珍汤
补之，甚者，十全大补汤。有食积为病，亦令寒热，用保和丸消之。若兼呕吐泄泻，
用六君子汤。厥冷冻饮料热，人参理中丸。作渴不止，七味白术散。食积既消，而寒热
尚作者，肝邪乘脾，所胜侮所不胜也，用异功散加柴胡、山栀。其疟证寒热，详见
疟门。
白饼子（癖） 白术散（渴） 小柴胡汤（半表半里热） 白虎汤（表里俱热）
八珍汤（虚羸） 十全大补汤（虚羸） 保和丸（宿食） 六君子汤（脾） 人参理中丸（吐
泻） 异功散（吐泻）
寒热病，其症状表现如同疟疾，这是阴阳相互偏胜所致。先感到寒冷而后发热，是阳气不足；先感到发热而后寒冷，是阴气不足。寒冷多而发热少，是阴气偏胜阳气；发热多而寒冷少，是阳气偏胜阴气。寒与热程度相当，是阴阳相互交争；寒热每隔一日发作一次，是阴阳之气乍然分离。阳气盛则发热，阴气盛则发冷。
其中有的伴有头痛、出汗，有的伴有呕吐、不能进食，有的怕冷却想喝水，有的高热却想喝热汤，有的筋骨疼痛，或者腹泻或者便秘，或者体内寒冷而体表发热，或者体内发热而体表寒冷。又有因寒冷导致腹部疼痛，因发热导致肠鸣的，这是有食积（食物停滞）所致。
治疗方法：如果是因食积引起的，应当用白饼子（Baibingzi, White Pill）攻下，随后进行补益调理，使用钱乙（Qian Yi）的白术散（Baizhu San, Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder）。寒冷多而发热少的，用小柴胡汤（Xiaochaihu Tang, Minor Bupleurum Decoction）加桂枝（Guizhi, Cinnamon Twig）。发热多而寒冷少的，用白虎汤（Baihu Tang, White Tiger Decoction）加桂枝。寒热程度相当的，均用小柴胡汤主治。
〔薛己〕说：《内经》记载：“阳虚则外寒，阴虚则内热，阳盛则外热，阴盛则内寒。”寒热往来，这是阴阳相互偏胜的结果，所以寒气并入阴分则发冷，阳气并入阳分则发热。寸口脉微细表示阳气不足，阴气上入阳分则恶寒；尺脉虚弱表示阴气不足，阳气下入阴分则发热。阳气不足则先冷后热，阴气不足则先热后冷，阴阳不能各守其位则寒热交争。另外，上部邪气盛则发热，下部邪气盛则发冷，阳气偏胜则突然发热，阴气偏胜则突然发冷。阴阳相互偏胜，虚实不调，所以邪气更替作祟而出现寒热往来，或忽冷忽热。
少阳胆经，是肝之府，位于太阳经和阳明经之间，属于半表半里的部位，阴阳之气容易相互侵犯，所以寒热病多主属肝胆经证候，用小柴胡汤加减来调治。如果只见寒热，起居如常，久治不愈，以及大病之后元气未恢复，都归属于阴虚生热、阳虚生寒，宜用八珍汤（Bazhen Tang, Eight Treasures Decoction）补益，严重的用十全大补汤（Shiquan Dabu Tang, Ten Significant Tonifying Decoction）。有食积致病，也会导致寒热，用保和丸（Baohe Wan, Preserve Harmony Pill）消导。如果兼有呕吐泄泻，用六君子汤（Liujunzi Tang, Six Gentlemen Decoction）。四肢厥冷、腹痛喜温饮者，用人参理中丸（Renshen Lizhong Wan, Ginseng and Poria Pill）。口渴不止，用七味白术散（Qiwei Baizhu San, Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Powder）。食积已经消除，但寒热仍然发作的，是肝木邪气乘袭脾土，即所胜之气反侮所不胜之气，用异功散（Yigong San, Extraordinary Efficacy Powder）加柴胡（Chaihu, Bupleurum Root）、山栀（Shanzhi, Gardenia Fruit）。关于疟疾证的寒热，详见疟疾门。
白饼子（用于癖积） 白术散（用于口渴） 小柴胡汤（用于半表半里热） 白虎汤（用于表里俱热） 八珍汤（用于虚羸） 十全大补汤（用于虚羸） 保和丸（用于宿食） 六君子汤（用于脾虚） 人参理中丸（用于吐泻） 异功散（用于吐泻）
Cold and heat disorders present symptoms similar to malaria, resulting from the mutual excess of Yin and Yang. Chills preceding fever indicate insufficient Yang; fever preceding chills indicate insufficient Yin. More chills than fever indicates Yin excess over Yang; more fever than chills indicates Yang excess over Yin. Equal amounts of cold and heat indicate a clash between Yin and Yang. Alternating days of cold and heat indicate a sudden separation of Yin and Yang. Excess Yang causes fever; excess Yin causes chills.
Some cases are accompanied by headache and sweating; some by vomiting and inability to eat; some by aversion to cold yet desire for water; some by high fever yet desire for hot drinks; some by pain in the sinews and bones; some with diarrhea or constipation; some with internal cold and external heat; some with internal heat and external cold. Additionally, abdominal pain caused by cold and borborygmus (intestinal rumbling) caused by heat indicate food retention (accumulation of undigested food).
Treatment methods: If caused by food retention, Baibingzi (White Pill) should be used to purge, followed by tonification using Qian Yi's Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder). For more chills than fever, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) with added Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) is indicated. For more fever than chills, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) with added Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) is indicated. For equal amounts of cold and heat, Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) is the primary treatment.
[Xue Ji] stated: The *Neijing* records: "Yang deficiency leads to external cold; Yin deficiency leads to internal heat; Yang excess leads to external heat; Yin excess leads to internal cold." Alternating chills and fever results from the mutual excess of Yin and Yang. Thus, when cold Qi merges with Yin, chills occur; when Yang Qi merges with Yang, fever occurs. A faint pulse at the Cun Kou position indicates insufficient Yang, where Yin Qi enters the Yang region causing aversion to cold; a weak pulse at the Chi position indicates insufficient Yin, where Yang Qi descends into the Yin region causing fever. Insufficient Yang leads to chills first then fever; insufficient Yin leads to fever first then chills. When Yin and Yang fail to remain in their respective positions, cold and heat clash. Furthermore, excess in the upper Jiao causes fever; excess in the lower Jiao causes chills. Yang excess causes sudden fever; Yin excess causes sudden chills. Due to mutual excess of Yin and Yang and imbalance of deficiency and excess, pathogenic factors alternate, causing alternating chills and fever, or intermittent chills and fever.
The Shaoyang Gallbladder channel is the residence of the Liver, situated between the Taiyang and Yangming channels, in the half-exterior half-interior region. The Qi of Yin and Yang easily invades one another here; therefore, cold and heat disorders are primarily associated with the Shaoyang and Jueyin (Liver/Gallbladder) channels, treated with modified Xiaochaihu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction). If only chills and fever are present, with normal daily activities, persisting for a long time without cure, or occurring after a severe illness when Yuan Qi has not recovered, these all belong to Yin deficiency generating heat and Yang deficiency generating cold. Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction) should be used for tonification; for severe cases, Shiquan Dabu Tang (Ten Significant Tonifying Decoction). Food retention can also cause cold and heat, treated with Baohe Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill) to resolve stagnation. If accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) is used. For cold limbs, freezing sensation, and preference for hot drinks, Renshen Lizhong Wan (Ginseng and Poria Pill) is indicated. For unrelenting thirst, Qiwei Baizhu San (Seven-Ingredient Atractylodes Powder) is used. If food retention has been resolved but cold and heat persist, it indicates Liver pathogen attacking Spleen Earth, where the conquered element insults the conqueror; Yigong San (Extraordinary Efficacy Decoction) with added Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Shanzhi (Gardenia Fruit) is used. Regarding the cold and heat of malaria, see the Malaria section.
Baibingzi (for mass accumulation) Baizhu San (for thirst) Xiaochaihu Tang (for half-exterior half-interior heat) Baihu Tang (for exterior and interior heat) Bazhen Tang (for emaciation due to deficiency) Shiquan Dabu Tang (for emaciation due to deficiency) Baohe Wan (for retained food) Liujunzi Tang (for Spleen deficiency) Renshen Lizhong Wan (for vomiting and diarrhea) Yigong San (for vomiting and diarrhea)