小儿痘疮有正痘与水痘之不同，新安张季明云∶其疮皮不薄，如赤根白头，渐
渐赤肿，而有脓瘥迟者，谓之大痘，此里证，发于脏也。其疮皮薄如水泡，破即易干，而出无渐次，白色
或淡红，冷冷有水浆者，谓之水痘，此表证，发于腑也。亦与疹子同，又轻于疹，发热一二日而出，出而即
消，易出易靥，不宜燥温，但用轻剂解之，麦汤散主之，羌活散、消毒饮、麦煎散俱可服，又当服大连翘汤
以解之。如心闷，烦蹂，发热，及大小便涩，口舌生疮者，通关散主之。水痘夹黑，出来黑水流，或手足冷
者，前胡、甘草、生地、玄参、连翘、茯苓、木通、蝉蜕、麦门冬、川芎、陈皮、当归、生姜水煎服。
麦汤散 治水痘。
地骨皮 滑石 甘草（各半钱） 甜葶苈 麻黄 大黄 知母 羌活 人参（各一钱）
上锉散。水一盏，每服二三钱，小麦七粒，煎六分，不拘时温服，分二帖。
麦煎散 治小儿夹惊伤寒，吐逆壮热，表里不解，气粗喘急，面赤自汗。或狂语惊叫，或不语无汗，
及瘾疹遍身赤痒，往来潮热。时行麻痘疹子余毒未尽，浑身浮肿，痰涎咳嗽。或变急慢惊风，手足
搐搦，眼目上视，及伤风头疼，并治之。
滑石 地骨皮 赤芍药 石膏 白茯苓 杏仁 知母 甘草 葶苈子（炒） 人参
麻黄（一两半）
上为末。每服一钱，麦子煎汤下。如初生芽儿，感冒风冷，鼻塞身热，喷嚏多啼，每一字，用麦子煎汤
调下。一方，去地骨皮、滑石，加羌活、川芎，薄荷煎汤调下。
羌活散（初热） 消毒饮（即牛蒡荆芥甘草三味） 大连翘汤（便闷） 通关散（便闷）
按∶水痘，今小儿患之者，大率无害，如无内证，不必服药，无事生事也。前后四方，不为轻剂，非热
甚不解，二便秘涩，烦闷不宁，不宜轻服。
小儿的痘疮有正痘与水痘的不同，新安人张季明说：那种疮皮不薄，像红色根部白色头顶，逐渐红肿，并且有脓、结痂迟缓的，称为大痘，这是里证，病发于脏。那种疮皮薄如水泡，破了容易干燥，出疹没有渐次过程，颜色白色或淡红，冷冷地有水浆的，称为水痘，这是表证，病发于腑。这也与疹子相同，但比疹子轻，发热一两天后出疹，出疹后即消退，容易发出也容易愈合，不宜用燥热温补的药物，只需用轻剂来解除它，以麦汤散为主治方，羌活散、消毒饮、麦煎散都可以服用，另外应当服用大连翘汤来解除邪气。如果出现心胸闷闷、烦躁不安、发热，以及大小便涩滞不通、口舌生疮的情况，以通关散为主治方。如果水痘夹杂黑色，出来的黑水流淌，或者手脚冰冷的，用前胡、甘草、生地、玄参、连翘、茯苓、木通、蝉蜕、麦门冬、川芎、陈皮、当归、生姜水煎服。
麦汤散 治疗水痘。
地骨皮 滑石 甘草（各半钱） 甜葶苈 麻黄 大黄 知母 羌活 人参（各一钱）
以上锉成散剂。用水一盏，每次服用二三钱，加小麦七粒，煎至六分，不拘时候温服，分为两帖。
麦煎散 治疗小儿夹惊伤寒，呕吐逆气壮热，表里之邪未解，气息粗重喘急，面色红赤自汗。或者胡言乱语惊叫，或者不说话无汗，以及瘾疹遍布全身赤痒，往来潮热。时行麻痘疹子余毒未尽，浑身浮肿，痰涎咳嗽。或者变为急慢惊风，手足抽搐，眼睛上视，以及伤风头疼，都予以治疗。
滑石 地骨皮 赤芍药 石膏 白茯苓 杏仁 知母 甘草 葶苈子（炒） 人参 麻黄（一两半）
以上研为末。每次服用一钱，用麦子煎汤送下。如果是初生婴儿，感冒风冷，鼻塞身热，喷嚏多啼哭，每一字量，用麦子煎汤调下。另一法，去掉地骨皮、滑石，加羌活、川芎，薄荷煎汤调下。
羌活散（用于初热阶段） 消毒饮（即牛蒡、荆芥、甘草三味药组成） 大连翘汤（用于便闷情况） 通关散（用于便闷情况）
按语：水痘，如今小儿患此病的，大体上无害，如果没有内证，不必服药，以免无事生事。前面提到的四个方子，不属于轻剂，如果不是热邪很盛导致不解，二便秘涩，烦闷不宁，是不宜轻易服用的。
The pox in children differs between true pox (Zheng Dou) and chickenpox (Shui Dou). Zhang Jiming from Xin'an stated: Those with thick skin, resembling a red base with a white head, gradually becoming swollen and red, with pus formation and delayed scabbing, are called large pox. This is an interior syndrome originating from the Zang organs. Those with thin skin like water blisters, which dry easily upon rupture, erupt without gradual stages, appearing white or pale red, containing cold watery fluid, are called chickenpox. This is an exterior syndrome originating from the Fu organs. It is similar to measles but milder; it appears one to two days after fever onset, resolves quickly upon eruption, and is easy to erupt and heal. It should not be treated with drying and warming agents, but rather with mild resolving formulas. Maidang Tang (Wheat Decoction) is the primary formula; Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder), Xiaodu Yin (Detoxification Decoction), and Maijian San (Wheat Decoction) can also be used. Additionally, Dalianqiao Tang (Large Lonicera Decoction) should be taken to resolve the pathogen. If there is chest oppression, restlessness, fever, and difficulty in urination and defecation, along with sores on the mouth and tongue, Tongguan San (Passage Opening Powder) is indicated. If the chickenpox presents with black discoloration, black fluid discharge, or cold extremities, decoct Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Gancao (Licorice Root), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus), Fuling (Poria), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum), Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), and Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) in water for administration.
Maidang Tang treats chickenpox.
Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Huashi (Talcum), Gancao (Licorice Root) (each half qian); Tiantingli (Descurainiae Semen), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba), Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Renshen (Ginseng Radix) (each one qian).
Crush into powder. Use one cup of water, take two to three qian per dose, add seven grains of wheat, decoct until six-tenths remain, warm and take at any time, divided into two doses.
Maijian San treats pediatric cases complicated by fright and cold damage, with vomiting, severe fever, unresolved exterior and interior pathogens, coarse breathing, rapid panting, flushed face, and spontaneous sweating. Or delirious speech, startled cries, absence of speech and sweating, widespread itching erythema, alternating tidal fever. Residual toxins from epidemic measles and pox rashes that have not fully cleared, general edema, phlegm-rheum cough. Or transformation into acute or chronic convulsive disorders, hand and foot spasms, upward deviation of eyes, as well as wind-cold headache; all are treated by this formula.
Huashi (Talcum), Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Chi Shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Baifuling (Poria with Hostwood), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gancao (Licorice Root), Tinglizi (Descurainiae Semen, stir-fried), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herza) (one liang and half qian).
Grind into powder. Take one qian per dose, wash down with wheat decoction. For newborns suffering from wind-cold invasion, nasal congestion, body heat, frequent sneezing and crying, use one zi amount, mixed with wheat decoction. Another method: remove Digupi and Huashi, add Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma), mix with Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) decoction.
Qianghuo San (for initial heat stage); Xiaodu Yin (composed of Niu Bang Zi, Jingjie, and Gancao); Dalianqiao Tang (for urinary obstruction); Tongguan San (for urinary obstruction).
Note: Chickenpox, currently prevalent among children, is generally harmless. If there are no interior syndromes, medication is unnecessary, avoiding creating issues where none exist. The four preceding formulas are not mild agents; they are not suitable for light consumption unless there is severe heat failing to resolve, constipation and urinary retention, and restless oppression.