者、筋脉拘急也， 者、筋脉张纵也，俗谓之搐是也。《原病式》云∶诸热瞀螈，皆属于火。
热胜风搏，并于经络，风主动而不宁，风火相乘是以热瞀螈生矣。治法，祛风涤热之剂，折其火热，
瞀螈可立愈。若妄加灼艾，或饮以发表之剂，则死不旋踵矣。《素问》云∶心脉急甚者为螈 ，此心
火虚寒也，治宜补心，牛黄散主之。《灵枢》云∶心脉满大，痫 筋挛，此心火实热也，治宜泻心火，
凉惊丸主之。肝脉小急，亦痫 筋挛，此肝虚也，续断丸主之。若肝脉盛者，先救脾，宜加减建中汤。
《素问》云∶脾脉急甚者，亦为螈 ，此脾虚肝乘之而 也，故宜实土泻肝木之剂。热伤元气，四肢
困倦，手指麻木，时时螈 ，人参益气汤主之。尹氏表姑，年近七十，暑月得病，手足常自搐搦，如
小儿惊风状，医者不识以讯予，予曰此暑风也，缘先伤于暑，毛孔开而风乘之。宜香薷饮加羌活、防
风各一钱，黄 二钱，
白芍药一钱半，二剂而病如失。风虚昏愦，不自觉知，手足螈 ，或为寒热，血虚不能服发汗药，独
活汤主之。虚风证，能食麻木，牙关紧急，手足螈 ，目肉蠕 ，面肿，此胃中有风，胃风汤主之。
肝劳虚寒，胁痛胀满，眼昏不食，挛缩螈 ，续断丸主之。风气留滞，心中昏愦，四肢无力，口眼
动，或时搐搦，或渴或自汗，续命煮散主之。运气螈 有二∶其一曰火。经曰∶火郁之发，民病呕逆，
螈。又曰∶少阳所至，为暴注， 。又曰∶少阳司天，客胜则为螈 是也。其二曰水。经曰∶阳
明司天，燥气下临，木气上从，民病胁痛目赤，掉振鼓栗。又曰∶岁土太过，雨湿流行，民病足痿不
收，行善 。又曰∶太阴之复，头顶痛重，而掉 尤甚是也。
【产后螈 】经云∶肝主筋而藏血，盖肝气为阳为火，肝血为阴为水，前证因产后阴血去多，阳
火炽盛，筋无所养而然耳。故痈疽脓水过多，金疮出血过甚，则阳随阴散，亦多致此。治法当用加味
逍遥散，或八珍散加丹皮、钩藤以生阴血，则阳火自退，诸证自愈。如不应，当用四君、芎、归、丹
皮、钩藤以补脾土。盖血生于至阴，至阴者，脾土也。故小儿吐泻之后，脾胃亏损，亦多患之，乃虚
象也。无
风可逐，无痰可消。若属阳气脱陷者，用补中益气加姜、桂，阳气虚败者，用十全大补加桂、附，亦
有复生者。此等证候，若肢体恶寒，脉微细者，此为真状。若脉浮大，发热烦渴，此为假象，唯当固
本为善。无力抽搐，戴眼反折，汗出如珠者，皆不治。古方，海藏愈风汤、交加散、增损柴胡汤、秦
艽汤。
抽搐，是指筋脉拘急；瘛疭（chì zòng），是指筋脉张弛交替，俗称“搐”。《原病式》中说：各种因热导致的昏闷和抽搐，都归属于火。热邪胜而风邪搏结，并侵入经络，风性主动而不安宁静止，风与火相互乘袭，因此产生热、昏闷和抽搐。治疗方法，使用祛风涤热的方剂，折损其火热之势，昏闷和抽搐可以立即痊愈。如果错误地加用艾灸，或者饮用发表发汗的药剂，那么死亡就会立刻发生。《素问》说：心脉急甚的人会出现抽搐，这是心火虚寒所致，治疗应当补心，以牛黄散为主方。《灵枢》说：心脉满大，出现癫痫和筋挛，这是心火实热所致，治疗应当泻心火，以凉惊丸为主方。肝脉小急，也出现癫痫和筋挛，这是肝虚所致，以续断丸为主方。如果肝脉盛实，先救脾，宜用加减建中汤。《素问》说：脾脉急甚的人，也出现抽搐，这是脾虚导致肝木乘侮所致，所以适宜使用实土（补脾）泻肝木的方剂。热邪损伤元气，四肢困倦，手指麻木，时时抽搐，以人参益气汤为主方。尹氏表姑，年龄近七十岁，在暑月患病，手足经常自行抽搐，像小儿惊风的样子，医生不认识来询问我，我说这是暑风证，因为先伤于暑气，毛孔张开而风邪乘虚而入。宜用香薷饮加羌活、防风各一钱，黄芪二钱，白芍药一钱半，服用两剂后病就好了。风虚导致昏愦，神志不清，手足抽搐，或者伴有寒热，血虚不能耐受发汗药，以独活汤为主方。虚风证，能进食但身体麻木，牙关紧急，手足抽搐，眼睑肌肉跳动，面部肿胀，这是胃中有风，以胃风汤为主方。肝劳虚寒，胁痛胀满，眼睛昏花不想吃东西，肢体挛缩抽搐，以续断丸为主方。风气留滞，心中昏愦，四肢无力，口眼歪斜或抽动，有时抽搐，有时口渴或自汗，以续命煮散为主方。运气学说中的抽搐有两种：其一为火。经书说：火郁发作时，百姓生病呕吐逆气，抽搐。又说：少阳之气所至，表现为暴注下迫，抽搐。又说：少阳司天，客气胜则出现抽搐，就是这种情况。其二为水。经书说：阳明司天，燥气下行，木气上从，百姓生病胁痛目赤，摇动震颤战栗。又说：岁土太过，雨湿流行，百姓生病足痿不收，行走时常跌倒。又说：太阴之复，头顶沉重疼痛，而摇动颤抖尤其严重，就是这种情况。
【产后抽搐】经书说：肝主筋而藏血，肝气为阳为火，肝血为阴为水，上述症状是因为产后阴血流失过多，阳火炽盛，筋脉得不到滋养而导致的。所以痈疽脓水过多，金疮出血过甚，导致阳气随着阴血消散，也多导致这种病症。治疗方法应当使用加味逍遥散，或者八珍散加丹皮、钩藤以生阴血，则阳火自然消退，各种症状自然痊愈。如果无效，当用人参、白术、茯苓、甘草（四君子汤）、川芎、当归、丹皮、钩藤以补脾土。因为血生于至阴，至阴者，即脾土。所以小儿吐泻之后，脾胃亏损，也多患此病，这是虚象。没有风可驱除，没有痰可消除。如果属于阳气脱陷者，用补中益气汤加生姜、肉桂；阳气虚败者，用十全大补汤加肉桂、附子，也有恢复生机的。这类证候，如果肢体恶寒，脉微细，这是真寒假热之象。如果脉浮大，发热烦渴，这是假象，唯有固本才是上策。无力抽搐，戴眼（眼球固定向上），角弓反张，汗出如珠的，都是不治之症。古方有：海藏愈风汤、交加散、增损柴胡汤、秦艽汤。
Chou (convulsion) refers to the spasm and tension of sinews and vessels; Chi Zong (clonic spasms) refers to the alternating relaxation and contraction of sinews and vessels, commonly known as "twitching". The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: All cases of heat-induced dizziness and convulsions belong to Fire. When heat dominates and wind combats it, merging into the meridians and collaterals, wind acts dynamically and restlessly. Wind and fire mutually exacerbate each other, thereby generating heat, dizziness, and convulsions. The treatment method involves using agents that dispel wind and purge heat to subdue the fire-heat, after which dizziness and convulsions can be cured immediately. If moxibustion is erroneously applied, or diaphoretic agents are drunk, death will ensue instantly. The *Su Wen* states: Extreme urgency in the Heart pulse indicates convulsions, which is due to Heart Fire deficiency and cold; treatment should tonify the Heart, primarily using Niuhuang San (Calculus Bovis Powder). The *Ling Shu* states: Fullness and largeness of the Heart pulse, accompanied by epilepsy and sinew cramping, indicate excess heat in Heart Fire; treatment should purge Heart Fire, primarily using Liangjing Wan (Cooling and Calming Pill). Small and urgent Liver pulse also indicates epilepsy and sinew cramping, due to Liver deficiency; treatment primarily uses Xuduan Wan (Dipsacus Pill). If the Liver pulse is vigorous, first rescue the Spleen, preferably using Jiajian Jianzhong Tang (Modified Build the Middle Decoction). The *Su Wen* states: Extreme urgency in the Spleen pulse also results in convulsions, caused by Spleen deficiency allowing Liver Wood to overact upon it; thus, agents that solidify Earth (tonify Spleen) and drain Liver Wood are appropriate. Heat damaging Yuan Qi leads to fatigue in the four limbs, numbness of fingers, and frequent convulsions; Renqi Yiqi Tang (Ginseng Qi-Boosting Decoction) is primarily used. Yin's cousin, nearly seventy years old, fell ill during the summer month with frequent spontaneous twitching of hands and feet, resembling infantile convulsive disease. Physicians did not recognize it and consulted me. I said this is Summer-Wind syndrome, caused by initial injury from summer-heat, opening the pores and allowing wind to invade. It is treated with Xiangru Yin (Elsholtzia Decoction) plus Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) one qian each, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) two qian, and Baishao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) one and a half qian. After two doses, the illness disappeared. Wind deficiency causing confusion and unconsciousness, with convulsions of hands and feet, or alternating chills and fever, where blood deficiency precludes the use of diaphoretics, is treated primarily with Duhuo Tang (Angelicae Pubescentis Decoction). Deficient wind syndrome, characterized by ability to eat but numbness, tight jaw, convulsions of hands and feet, twitching of eye muscles, and facial swelling, indicates wind in the Stomach, treated primarily with Weifeng Tang (Stomach Wind Decoction). Liver labor with deficiency-cold, presenting as hypochondriac pain and distension, blurred vision and anorexia, limb cramping and convulsions, is treated primarily with Xuduan Wan (Dipsacus Pill). Stagnation of wind qi causing mental confusion, weakness in four limbs, deviation or twitching of mouth and eyes, occasional convulsions, thirst, or spontaneous sweating, is treated primarily with Xuming Zhusan (Xuming Boiled Powder). There are two types of convulsions in Yunqi (Five Movements and Six Qi) theory: One is Fire. The classics state: When Fire depression erupts, people suffer from vomiting and retching, and convulsions. It also states: Where Shaoyang arrives, there is sudden diarrhea and convulsions. It also states: When Shaoyang governs the year, if external pathogens prevail, convulsions occur. The second is Water. The classics state: When Yangming governs the year, dryness descends, and Wood follows upward; people suffer from hypochondriac pain, red eyes, trembling, shaking, and chills. It also states: When Year Earth is excessive, rain and dampness prevail; people suffer from foot atrophy and inability to hold themselves up, often falling while walking. It also states: In the reversal of Taiyin, there is heavy pain in the head, and trembling/shaking is particularly severe.
[Postpartum Convulsions] The classics state: The Liver governs sinews and stores Blood. Liver Qi is Yang and Fire, while Liver Blood is Yin and Water. The aforementioned symptoms occur because postpartum loss of Yin and Blood is excessive, leading to blazing Yang-Fire, leaving sinews without nourishment. Therefore, when carbuncles and sores discharge excessive pus, or metal wounds bleed excessively, Yang dissipates with Yin, often resulting in this condition. Treatment should employ Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder), or Bazhen San (Eight Treasures Powder) added with Danpi (Moutan Cortex) and Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) to generate Yin-Blood, so that Yang-Fire naturally recedes and all symptoms heal. If ineffective, use Sijunzi (Four Gentlemen), Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gui (Danggui Radix), Danpi, and Gouteng to tonify Spleen Earth. Because Blood is generated from Supreme Yin, and Supreme Yin is Spleen Earth. Thus, after infantile vomiting and diarrhea, when Spleen and Stomach are damaged, this condition is also common, representing a deficient pattern. There is no wind to expel and no phlegm to resolve. If belonging to Yang Qi collapse and sinking, use Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Middle-Boosting Qi-Supplementing Decoction) added with Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex); if Yang Qi is deficient and ruined, use Shiquan Dabu Tang (Perfect Great Tonifying Decoction) added with Gui and Fu (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), and recovery is possible. For such syndromes, if limbs fear cold and the pulse is minute and fine, this is a true cold appearance. If the pulse is floating and large, with fever, irritability, and thirst, this is a false appearance; only consolidating the root is advisable. Weak convulsions, staring eyes (Daiyan), opisthotonos, and sweat like pearls are all untreatable. Ancient formulas include: Haicang Yufeng Tang (Haicang Wind-Dispelling Decoction), Jiaojia San (Interlacing Powder), Zengsun Chaihu Tang (Increased and Reduced Bupleurum Decoction), and Qinjiao Tang (Gentianae Macrophyllae Decoction).