《内经》云∶肝脉搏坚而长，色不青，当病堕。若搏因血在胁下，令人呕逆。《脉
经》云∶从高颠仆，内有血，腹胀满，其脉坚强者生，小弱者死。
《金匮》云∶寸口脉浮微而涩，然当亡血，若汗出。设不汗者，其身有疮被刀斧所伤，亡
血故也。 《脉经》云∶金疮血出太多，其脉虚细者生，数实大者死。 金疮出血，脉
沉小者生，浮大者死。 砍疮出血一二石，脉来大者，二十日死。 砍刺出血不止者，其
脉止，脉来大者七日死，滑细者生。
上破伤之脉，若瘀血停积者，坚强实则生，虚细涩则死。若亡血过多者，虚细涩则
生，坚强实则死。皆为脉、病不相应故也。
戴院使云∶仆踣不知曰 ，两手相搏曰扑，其为损一也。因 扑而迷闷者，酒调苏
合香丸灌之；因 扑而损伤，宜逐其恶血，酒煎苏木调苏合香丸，或鸡鸣散，或和气饮加
大黄，入醋少许煎，或童便调黑神散，不用童便，用苏木煎酒调亦得。 扑伤疼，酒调
琥珀散极佳，乌药顺气散亦可。
大法固以血之瘀失，分虚实而为补泻，亦当看损伤之轻重。轻者顿挫气血，凝滞作痛，
此当导气行血而已。重者伤筋折骨，此当续筋接骨，非调治三四月不得平复。更甚者，气
血内停，沮塞真气不得行者，必死。急泻其血，通其气亦或有可治者焉。《伤损论》曰∶
夫伤损必须求其源，看其病之轻重，审其损之浅深。凡人一身之间，自顶至足，有斫伤、
打伤、跌伤、及诸创伤者，皆有之。凡此数证，各有其说，有当先表里，而后服损药者，
为医者当循其理治之。然医者意也，不知意者，非良医也。或者禀性愚昧，不能观其证
之轻重，明其损之浅深，未经表里通利，先服损药，误人多矣。有因此痰涎上攻，有因
此大小脏腑闭结，差之毫厘，缪以千里，所谓医不三世，不服其药。信哉！此论治损伤
之大纲也，然用药固不可差，而整顿手法，尤不可孟浪。今以人之周身，总三百六十五骨
节，开列于后。
人身总有三百六十五骨节，以一百六十五字都关次之，首自铃骨之上为头，左右前
后至辕骨，以四十九字共关七十二骨。颠中为都颅骨者一，（有势，微有髓，及有液。）次颅为
髅骨者一，（有势，微有髓）。髅前为顶威骨者一，（微有髓，女人无此骨。）髅后为脑骨者一，（有势
，微有髓。）脑左为枕骨者一，（有势无液）。脑右为就骨
者。枕、就之中附下，为天盖骨者一。（下为肺系之本。）盖骨之后，为天柱骨者一。（下属脊，
有髓。）盖前为言骨者一，（言上复合于髅骨，有势，无髓。）言下为舌本骨者，左右共二，（有势，无
髓。）髅前为囟骨者一，（无势，无液。）囟下为伏委骨者一，（俚人讹为伏犀骨是也，无势、髓。）
伏委之下为俊骨者一，（附下即眉宇之分也，无势、髓。）眉上左为天贤骨者一，（无势、髓，下同）。
眉上右为大贵骨者一，（眉上直目睛也）。左睛之上，为智宫骨者一，（无势、髓）。右睛之上，为命
门骨者一，（两睛之下，中为鼻）。鼻之前为梁骨者一，（无势、髓）。梁之左为颧骨者一，（有势、无髓，
下同。）梁之右为 骨者一，（颧、 之后，即耳之分）。 梁之端为嵩柱骨者一，（无势，髓。）左耳
为司正骨者一，（无势、髓）。右耳为纳邪骨者一，（同上）。正、邪之后，为完骨者，左右共二，（无势
、无髓）。正、邪之上附内，为嚏骨者一，（无势、少
液）。嚏后之上，为通骨者，左右前后共四，（有势、少液）。嚏上为 骨者一，（无势、多液）。其
后连属为颔也，右颔为乘骨者一，（有势，多液）。右颔为车骨者，（同上）。乘、车之后，为辕骨者，
左右共二，（有势，有液）。乘、车上下，出齿牙三十六事，（无势、髓，庸下就一则不满其数）。复次
铃骨之下为膻中，左右前后至 ，以四十字关九十七骨。辕骨之下，左右为铃骨者二，（多
液）。铃中为会厌骨者一，（无势、髓）。铃中之下，为咽骨者左、中及右共三，（无髓）。咽下为喉骨
者左、中及右共三，（同上）。喉下为咙骨者，环次共十事，（同上）。咙下之内，为肺系骨者，累
累然共十二，（无势、髓）。肺系之后为谷骨者一，（无髓）。谷下为KT 道骨者，左右共二，（同上）。咙
外次下，为顺骨者共八，（少液）。顺骨之端，为顺隐骨者共八，（同上。）顺下之左，为洞骨者一，
（女人无此）。顺下之右，为 骨者一，（女人无此）。洞、 之下，中央为 KT 骨者一，（无髓，俚人
呼为鸠尾）。 KT 直下，为天枢骨者一，（无髓）。铃下之左右，为缺盆骨者二，（有势，多液）。 左缺
盆前之下，为下厌骨者一，（无髓）。右缺盆前之
下，为分膳骨者一，（同上）。厌、膳之后附下，为仓骨者一，（同上）。仓之下左右，为 骨者共
八，（有势。无液。） 下之左，为胸骨者一，（男子此骨大者，好勇。） 下之右荡骨者一，（女子此
骨大，则大夫。）胸之下，为乌骨者一，（男子此骨满者，发早白。）荡之下，为臆骨者一，（此骨高，
多讹妄。）铃中之后，为脊窳骨者，共二十二，（上接天柱，有髓。）脊窳次下，为大动骨者一，（上
通天柱，共成二十四椎。）大动之端，为归下骨者一，（道家谓之尾闾）。归下之后，为篡骨者一，（此
骨能限精液）。归下之前， 骨者一，（此骨薄者，多处贫下）。复次缺盆之下，左右至衬，以二十
五字关六十骨。（此下止分两手臂，至十指之端众骨）。支其缺盆之后，为伛甲骨者左右共二，（有
势，多液）。伛甲之端，为甲隐骨者左右共二，（此骨长，则至贤）。前支缺盆，为飞动骨左右共二，
（此骨，病痱缓）。次飞动之左，为龙 骨者一，（有势，无髓无液）。次飞动之右，为虎冲骨者一，（同
上）。龙 之下，为龙本骨者一，虎冲之下，为虎端骨者一，（俱有势，有髓）。本端之下为腕也，
龙本上内，为进贤骨者一，（男子此骨隆，为名臣。）虎端上内为及爵骨者一，（女人此骨高，为命归）。
腕前左右，为上力骨者共八，（有势，多液）。次上力，为驻骨者左右共十，（同上）。次驻骨，为
搦骨者左右共十，（同上）。次搦，为助势骨者左右共十，（左助外为爪，右助外为甲）。爪甲之下，各
有衬骨左右共十，（无势，无液）。复次 KT 之下，左右前后至初步，以五十一字，关一百三十
六骨，此下至两乳下，分左右自两足心，众骨所会处也， KT 之下，为心蔽骨者一，（无髓）。
KT 之左，为胁骨者上下共十二，（居小肠之分也）。左胁之端，各有胁隐骨者，分次亦十二，
（无髓）。胁骨之下，为季胁骨者共二，多液。季胁之端，为季隐骨者共二，（无髓）。 KT 之右，
为肋骨者共十二，（处太阳之分也）。肋骨之下，为 肋骨者共二，（各无隐骨，唯兽有之）。右肋之端，
为肋隐骨者共十二，（无髓）。 骨之前，为大横骨者一，（有势，少髓）。横骨之前为白环骨者共
二，（有势，有液）。白环之前，为内辅骨者左右共二，（有势，有液）。内辅之后，为骸关骨者左
右共二，（同上）。骸关之下，为FS 骨者左右共二，（同上）。FS 骨之下，为髀枢骨者左右共二，（有势，
多髓）。髀枢下端，为膝盖骨者左右共二，（无势，多液）。膝盖左右，各有侠升骨者共二，（有势，多
液）。髀枢之下，为 骨者左右共二，（有势，多髓）。 骨之外，为外辅骨者左右共二，（有势，有
液）。 骨之下，为立骨者左右共二，（同上）。立骨左右，各有内外踝骨者共四，（有势，少液）。踝
骨之前，各有下力骨者左右共十，（有势，多液）。踝骨之后，各有京骨者左右共二，（有势，少液）。
下力之前，各有释欹骨者共十。释欹之前，各有起仆骨者共十，（有势）。起仆之前，各有平
助骨者左右共十，（有势）。平助之前，各有衬甲骨者左右共十，（无势，少液）。释欹两傍，各有
核骨者左右共二，（有势，多液）。起仆之下，各有初步骨者左右共二，（有势无髓，有液，女人则无
此骨）。凡此三百六十五骨也，天地相乘，惟人至灵，其女人则无顶威、左洞、右棚及初步等五骨，止有
三百六十骨。又男子、女人一百九十骨，或隐、或衬、或无髓势，余二百五十六骨，并有髓，液以藏诸筋，
以会诸脉，溪谷相需，而成身形，谓之四大，此骨度之常也。
《黄帝内经》说：肝脉搏动坚实而长，面色却不发青，应当是坠堕伤所致。如果是因为跌扑导致胁下有瘀血，就会使人呕吐气逆。《脉经》说：从高处坠落摔伤，体内有瘀血，腹部胀满，脉象坚强有力的能生，脉象细小虚弱的会死。
《金匮要略》说：寸口脉浮、微且涩，这通常是失血或汗出过多所致。如果不曾出汗，那么身体必有疮疡或被刀斧所伤，这是因失血造成的。《脉经》说：金属利器创伤出血过多，脉象虚细的能生，脉象数、实、大的会死。金疮出血，脉象沉小的能生，脉象浮大的会死。砍伤出血一二石（古代容量单位），脉象来势洪大的，二十天后死亡。砍刺出血不止，脉象停止跳动，若脉来洪大的，七天后死亡；脉象滑细的能生。
上述各种破伤之脉，如果是瘀血停积，脉象坚强实则能生，脉象虚细涩则会死。如果是失血过多，脉象虚细涩则能生，脉象坚强实则死。这都是因为脉象与病情不相适应的缘故。
戴院使说：跌倒昏迷不醒叫“踣”（bó），两手相击叫“扑”，这两种情况造成的损伤是一样的。因踣扑而导致昏迷闷乱的，用酒调服苏合香丸灌下；因踣扑导致身体损伤的，应当祛除恶血，可用酒煎苏木调服苏合香丸，或者鸡鸣散，或者和气饮加大黄，加入少许醋煎煮，或者用童便调服黑神散；不用童便，用苏木煎酒调服也可以。扑打受伤疼痛，用酒调服琥珀散效果极佳，乌药顺气散也可以。
治疗的大法固然要根据血的瘀滞还是耗损，分为补法和泻法，但也应当查看损伤的轻重程度。轻者只是气血顿挫，凝滞作痛，这只需疏导气机、运行血液即可。重者伤筋折骨，这需要续筋接骨，不是经过三四个月的调理不能恢复。更严重的，气血在内停滞，阻塞真气无法运行，必然死亡。此时急泻瘀血，通利气机，或许还有可治的机会。《伤损论》说：治疗损伤必须探求病因，观察病情的轻重，审察损伤的深浅。凡人身上下，从头顶到足底，凡是斫伤、打伤、跌伤及其他创伤的，都有这种情况。以上几种证候，各有其说法，有的应当先解表里，然后再服用治损药物，医生应当遵循医理进行治疗。然而医者重在意会，不懂意会的，不是好医生。有些人禀性愚昧，不能观察证候的轻重，不明损伤的深浅，未经过表里通利的处理，就先服用治损药物，误人很多。有的人因此导致痰涎上攻，有的人因此导致大小脏腑闭结，差之毫厘，谬以千里，所以说“医不三世，不服其药”，确实如此！这是论述治疗损伤的大纲。然而用药固然不可差错，而整复手法尤其不可鲁莽轻率。现在将人体周身总共三百六十五个骨节，开列如下。
人身总共有三百六十五个骨节，用一百六十五个字依次关联排列。头部自铃骨之上开始为头，左右前后至辕骨，用四十九个字共关联七十二个骨节。颠顶中央的都颅骨一个，（有势，微有髓及液）。都颅之后为髅骨一个，（有势，微有髓）。髅骨前方为顶威骨一个，（微有髓，女子没有这个骨）。髅骨后方为脑骨一个，（有势，微有髓）。脑骨左侧为枕骨一个，（有势无液）。脑骨右侧为就骨。枕骨和就骨中间下方附着的是天盖骨一个。（下方是肺系的本源）。盖骨之后是天柱骨一个。（下属脊柱，有髓）。盖骨前方是言骨一个，（言骨上方复合于髅骨，有势，无髓）。言骨下方是舌本骨，左右共两个，（有势，无髓）。髅骨前方是囟骨一个，（无势，无液）。囟骨下方是伏委骨一个，（俗人讹传为伏犀骨，无势、髓）。伏委骨下方是俊骨一个，（附着下方即眉宇之分，无势、髓）。眉毛上方左侧是天贤骨一个，（无势、髓，下同）。眉毛上方右侧是大贵骨一个，（眉毛上方直对眼睛）。左眼上方是智宫骨一个，（无势、髓）。右眼上方是命门骨一个，（两眼下方，中间是鼻子）。鼻子前方是梁骨一个，（无势、髓）。梁骨左侧是颧骨一个，（有势、无髓，下同）。梁骨右侧是 骨一个，（颧骨和 骨之后，即是耳朵的部分）。梁骨末端是嵩柱骨一个，（无势，髓）。左耳是司正骨一个，（无势、髓）。右耳是纳邪骨一个，（同上）。司正骨和纳邪骨之后是完骨，左右共两个，（无势、无髓）。司正骨和纳邪骨上方内侧附着的是嚏骨一个，（无势、少液）。嚏骨上方是通骨，左右前后共四个，（有势、少液）。嚏骨上方是 骨一个，（无势、多液）。其后相连属的是下颌，右侧下颌是乘骨一个，（有势，多液）。右侧下颌是车骨，（同上）。乘骨和车骨之后是辕骨，左右共两个，（有势，有液）。乘骨和车骨上下，长出牙齿三十六颗，（无势、髓，普通人取一颗计算则不满其数）。接着铃骨之下是膻中，左右前后至 ，用四十个字关联九十七个骨节。辕骨之下，左右两侧是铃骨两个，（多液）。铃骨中间是会厌骨一个，（无势、髓）。铃骨之下，咽骨左边、中间及右边共三个，（无髓）。咽骨之下是喉骨，左边、中间及右边共三个，（同上）。喉骨之下是咙骨，环次共十个，（同上）。咙骨之内侧，是肺系骨，累累共十二个，（无势、髓）。肺系骨之后是谷骨一个，（无髓）。谷骨之下是KT道骨，左右共两个，（同上）。咙骨外侧下方是顺骨共八个，（少液）。顺骨的末端是顺隐骨共八个，（同上）。顺骨下方左侧是洞骨一个，（女子没有这个骨）。顺骨下方右侧是 骨一个，（女子没有这个骨）。洞骨和 骨之下，中央是KT骨一个，（无髓，俗人称为鸠尾）。KT骨直下是天枢骨一个，（无髓）。铃骨下方的左右两侧是缺盆骨两个，（有势，多液）。左缺盆前下方是下厌骨一个，（无髓）。右缺盆前下方是分膳骨一个，（同上）。厌骨和膳骨之后下方附着的是仓骨一个，（同上）。仓骨之下左右两侧是 骨共八个，（有势，无液）。 骨之下左侧是胸骨一个，（男子此骨大者，性格好勇）。 骨之下右侧是荡骨一个，（女子此骨大者，地位尊贵如大夫）。胸骨之下是乌骨一个，（男子此骨饱满者，头发早白）。荡骨之下是臆骨一个，（此骨高者，多言语狂妄）。铃骨之后是脊窳骨，共二十二个，（上方连接天柱骨，有髓）。脊窳骨次下方是大动骨一个，（上方通天柱，共成二十四椎）。大动骨的末端是归下骨一个，（道家称之为尾闾）。归下骨之后是篡骨一个，（此骨能限制精液）。归下骨之前是 骨一个，（此骨薄者，多处贫贱）。接着缺盆之下，左右至衬，用二十五个字关联六十个骨节。（此处以下只分两只手臂，直到十指末端的众多骨节）。支撑缺盆之后的是伛甲骨，左右共两个，（有势，多液）。伛甲骨的末端是甲隐骨，左右共两个，（此骨长，则至贤）。前方支撑缺盆的是飞动骨，左右共两个，（此骨有病则痱缓）。飞动骨左侧是龙 骨一个，（有势，无髓无液）。飞动骨右侧是虎冲骨一个，（同上）。龙骨之下是龙本骨一个，虎冲骨之下是虎端骨一个，（俱有势，有髓）。本骨和端骨之下是腕部，龙本骨上方内侧是进贤骨一个，（男子此骨隆起，为名臣）。虎端骨上方内侧是及爵骨一个，（女子此骨高，为命归）。腕部前方左右两侧是上力骨共八个，（有势，多液）。次上力骨之后是驻骨，左右共十个，（同上）。次驻骨之后是搦骨，左右共十个，（同上）。次搦骨之后是助势骨，左右共十个，（左手助外侧为爪，右手助外侧为甲）。爪甲之下，各有衬骨，左右共十个，（无势，无液）。接着KT骨之下，左右前后至初步，用五十一字关联一百三十六个骨节，此处以下至两乳下，分左右自两足心，是众骨汇聚之处。KT骨之下是心蔽骨一个，（无髓）。KT骨左侧是胁骨，上下共十二个，（居小肠部分）。左胁骨末端，各有胁隐骨，分次也是十二个，（无髓）。胁骨之下是季胁骨共两个，多液。季胁骨末端是季隐骨共两个，（无髓）。KT骨右侧是肋骨共十二个，（处太阳部分）。肋骨之下是 肋骨共两个，（各无隐骨，只有野兽有）。右肋骨末端是肋隐骨共十二个，（无髓）。 骨之前是大横骨一个，（有势，少髓）。横骨之前是白环骨共两个，（有势，有液）。白环骨之前是内辅骨，左右共两个，（有势，有液）。内辅骨之后是骸关骨，左右共两个，（同上）。骸关骨之下是FS骨，左右共两个，（同上）。FS骨之下是髀枢骨，左右共两个，（有势，多髓）。髀枢骨下端是膝盖骨，左右共两个，（无势，多液）。膝盖左右两侧各有侠升骨共两个，（有势，多液）。髀枢骨之下是 骨，左右共两个，（有势，多髓）。 骨之外侧是外辅骨，左右共两个，（有势，有液）。 骨之下是立骨，左右共两个，（同上）。立骨左右两侧各有内外踝骨共四个，（有势，少液）。踝骨前方各有下力骨，左右共十个，（有势，多液）。踝骨后方各有京骨，左右共两个，（有势，少液）。下力骨前方各有释欹骨共十个。释欹骨前方各有起仆骨共十个，（有势）。起仆骨前方各有平助骨，左右共十个，（有势）。平助骨前方各有衬甲骨，左右共十个，（无势，少液）。释欹骨两旁各有核骨，左右共两个，（有势，多液）。起仆骨之下各有初步骨，左右共两个，（有势无髓，有液，女子则没有这个骨）。凡是这三百六十五个骨节，天地相乘，惟有人最灵秀，但女子没有顶威、左洞、右棚及初步等五个骨，只有三百六十个骨。另外男子、女子有一百九十个骨，或是隐骨、或是衬骨、或是无髓势，其余二百五十六个骨，都有髓和液，用来储藏筋，汇聚脉，溪谷相互需要，而成身形，称为四大，这是骨度的常规。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: If the Liver pulse is firm and long, yet the complexion is not green, it indicates a fall injury. If the pulsation is due to blood stasis under the ribs, it causes vomiting and acid reflux. The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: After falling from a height with internal blood stasis and abdominal distension, a firm and strong pulse indicates survival, while a small and weak pulse indicates death.
The *Jinkui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) states: A floating, faint, and choppy pulse at the Cun Kou position usually indicates blood loss or excessive sweating. If there has been no sweating, then the body must have suffered from sores or wounds inflicted by knives or axes, which is the cause of blood loss. The *Mai Jing* states: In metal weapon injuries with excessive bleeding, a deficient and fine pulse indicates survival, while a rapid, excess, and large pulse indicates death. In metal weapon injuries with bleeding, a deep and small pulse indicates survival, while a floating and large pulse indicates death. In chopping injuries with bleeding of one or two *shi* (ancient unit of volume), if the pulse comes in a large manner, death occurs in twenty days. In chopping or stabbing injuries with continuous bleeding, if the pulse stops, and if the pulse comes in a large manner, death occurs in seven days; a slippery and fine pulse indicates survival.
Regarding pulses for various penetrating injuries: if there is stagnant blood accumulation, a firm and excess pulse indicates survival, while a deficient, fine, and choppy pulse indicates death. If there is excessive blood loss, a deficient, fine, and choppy pulse indicates survival, while a firm and excess pulse indicates death. This is because the pulse does not correspond to the disease condition.
Dai Yuan Shi (Minister Dai) stated: Falling into unconsciousness is called "bo" (falling prone), and striking with both hands is called "pu" (palm strike); both result in similar damage. For coma caused by falling or striking, administer Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill) mixed with wine. For physical injury caused by falling or striking, expel the evil blood using Su Mu Decoction (Sappan Wood Decoction) mixed with Suhexiang Wan, Jiming San (Cockcrow Powder), or Heqi Yin (Harmonizing Qi Drink) added with Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), decocted with a little vinegar. Alternatively, use Tongbian (Child's Urine) to mix with Heishen San (Black Divine Powder); if child's urine is unavailable, Sappan Wood decocted in wine can be used. For pain from palm strikes, Hupo San (Amber Powder) mixed with wine is excellent; Wuyao Shunqi San (Lindera Powder for Smooth Flow of Qi) is also suitable.
The general principle dictates distinguishing between deficiency and excess based on blood stasis versus depletion to apply tonification or purgation methods, but one must also assess the severity of the injury. For mild cases where Qi and Blood are merely disrupted causing stagnation and pain, guiding Qi and moving Blood suffices. For severe cases involving tendon rupture and bone fracture, reconnecting tendons and setting bones is required, taking three to four months of treatment for recovery. In more severe cases where Qi and Blood stagnate internally, blocking the true Qi from circulating, death is inevitable. Urgently purging blood and unblocking Qi may offer a chance of treatment. The *Shangsun Lun* (Treatise on Trauma) states: Treating trauma requires seeking its source, observing the severity of the illness, and examining the depth of the injury. From head to toe, any hacking, beating, falling, or other traumatic injuries share commonalities. Each condition has its specific approach; some require resolving the exterior and interior first before administering trauma medicines. Physicians should follow these principles. However, medicine relies on understanding; those who lack this insight are not good physicians. Some, being dull-witted, fail to observe the severity of symptoms or the depth of injury, administering trauma medicines before resolving the exterior and interior, leading to many errors. This may cause phlegm-saliva to attack upward or cause closure and constipation of the Zang-Fu organs. A slight error leads to great deviation, hence the saying, "If a physician has not practiced for three generations, do not take their medicine." Indeed! This outlines the general principles of treating trauma. While medication must not be erroneous, manual reduction techniques must not be rash. Below are listed the total 365 bone joints of the human body.
The human body has a total of 365 bone joints, described sequentially using 165 characters. Starting from above the Ling Gu (Bell Bone) as the head, extending left, right, front, and back to the Yuan Gu (Axle Bone), 49 characters describe 72 bones. The Du Lu Gu (Central Skull Bone) in the center of the crown is one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow and fluid). Behind the Du Lu is the Lou Gu (Skull Bone), one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow). In front of the Lou Gu is the Ding Wei Gu (Vertex Potential Bone), one bone (slightly contains marrow, absent in women). Behind the Lou Gu is the Nao Gu (Brain Bone), one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow). To the left of the Nao Gu is the Zhen Gu (Occipital Bone), one bone (has potential, no fluid). To the right of the Nao Gu is the Jiu Gu (Approaching Bone). Between and below the Zhen and Jiu Gu is the Tian Gai Gu (Heavenly Cover Bone), one bone (below is the root of the Lung system). Behind the Tian Gai Gu is the Tian Zhu Gu (Heavenly Pillar Bone), one bone (descends to the spine, contains marrow). In front of the Tian Gai Gu is the Yan Gu (Speech Bone), one bone (Yan Gu connects above to the Lou Gu, has potential, no marrow). Below the Yan Gu are the She Ben Gu (Tongue Root Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, no marrow). In front of the Lou Gu is the Xin Gu (Fontanelle Bone), one bone (no potential, no fluid). Below the Xin Gu is the Fu Wei Gu (Hidden Submit Bone), one bone (colloquially misnamed Fu Xi Gu, no potential, no marrow). Below the Fu Wei Gu is the Jun Gu (Handsome Bone), one bone (attached below to the brow area, no potential, no marrow). Above the left eyebrow is the Tian Xian Gu (Heavenly Sage Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow, same below). Above the right eyebrow is the Da Gui Gu (Great Noble Bone), one bone (directly above the eyes). Above the left eye is the Zhi Gong Gu (Wisdom Palace Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). Above the right eye is the Ming Men Gu (Life Gate Bone), one bone (below the eyes, middle is the nose). In front of the nose is the Liang Gu (Beam Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). To the left of the Liang Gu is the Quan Gu (Cheekbone), one bone (has potential, no marrow, same below). To the right of the Liang Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (behind the Quan and [Missing Character] Gu is the ear region). At the end of the Liang Gu is the Song Zhu Gu (Song Pillar Bone), one bone (no potential, contains marrow). The left ear is the Si Zheng Gu (Guarding Righteousness Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). The right ear is the Na Xie Gu (Receiving Evil Bone), one bone (same as above). Behind the Si and Na Gu are the Wan Gu (Complete Bones), two bones (left and right) (no potential, no marrow). Attached inside above the Si and Na Gu is the Ti Gu (Sneeze Bone), one bone (no potential, little fluid). Above the Ti Gu are the Tong Gu (Passage Bones), four bones (left, right, front, back) (have potential, little fluid). Above the Ti Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (no potential, much fluid). Connected behind is the mandible; the right mandible is the Cheng Gu (Mount Bone), one bone (has potential, much fluid). The right mandible is also the Che Gu (Carriage Bone), (same as above). Behind the Cheng and Che Gu are the Yuan Gu (Axle Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Between the Cheng and Che Gu, emerging up and down, are thirty-six teeth (no potential, no marrow; ordinary people count only one, so the number is not met). Next, below the Ling Gu is Dan Zhong (Chest Center), extending left, right, front, and back to [Missing Character], using 40 characters to describe 97 bones. Below the Yuan Gu, on the left and right, are the Ling Gu (Bell Bones), two bones (much fluid). In the center of the Ling Gu is the Hui Yan Gu (Meeting Epiglottis Bone), one bone (no potential, contains marrow). Below the Ling Gu are the Yan Gu (Swallowing Bones), three bones (left, middle, right) (no marrow). Below the Yan Gu are the Hou Gu (Throat Bones), three bones (left, middle, right) (same as above). Below the Hou Gu are the Long Gu (Throat Bones), ten bones in a ring sequence (same as above). Inside below the Long Gu are the Fei Xi Gu (Lung System Bones), twelve bones piled up (no potential, no marrow). Behind the Fei Xi Gu is the Gu Gu (Valley Bone), one bone (no marrow). Below the Gu Gu are the KT Dao Gu (KT Path Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Outside and below the Long Gu are the Shun Gu (Smooth Bones), eight bones (little fluid). At the end of the Shun Gu are the Shun Yin Gu (Smooth Hidden Bones), eight bones (same as above). To the left below the Shun Gu is the Dong Gu (Cave Bone), one bone (absent in women). To the right below the Shun Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (absent in women). Below the Dong and [Missing Character] Gu, in the center, is the KT Gu (KT Bone), one bone (no marrow, colloquially called Jiu Wei). Directly below the KT Gu is the Tian Shu Gu (Heavenly Pivot Bone), one bone (no marrow). On the left and right below the Ling Gu are the Que Pen Gu (Clavicle/Shoulder Basin Bones), two bones (have potential, much fluid). Below the front of the left Que Pen Gu is the Xia Yan Gu (Lower Epiglottis Bone), one bone (no marrow). Below the front of the right Que Pen Gu is the Fen Shan Gu (Dividing Meal Bone), one bone (same as above). Behind the Yan and Shan Gu, attached below, is the Cang Gu (Granary Bone), one bone (same as above). Below the Cang Gu, on the left and right, are the [Missing Character] Gu, eight bones (have potential, no fluid). To the left below the [Missing Character] Gu is the Xiong Gu (Chest Bone), one bone (in men, a large chest bone indicates bravery). To the right below the [Missing Character] Gu is the Dang Gu (Swinging Bone), one bone (in women, a large swinging bone indicates high status like a minister). Below the Xiong Gu is the Wu Gu (Black Bone), one bone (in men, a full black bone indicates early white hair). Below the Dang Gu is the Yi Gu (Breastbone), one bone (a high Yi bone indicates delirious speech). Behind the Ling Gu are the Ji Yu Gu (Spinal Marrow Bones), twenty-two bones (connect above to Tian Zhu Gu, contain marrow). Below the Ji Yu Gu is the Da Dong Gu (Great Moving Bone), one bone (connects above to Tian Zhu Gu, forming twenty-four vertebrae). At the end of the Da Dong Gu is the Gui Xia Gu (Return Below Bone), one bone (Daoists call it Wei Lu). Behind the Gui Xia Gu is the Cuan Gu (Crown Bone), one bone (this bone limits essence/fluid). In front of the Gui Xia Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (a thin [Missing Character] bone indicates poverty/lower status). Next, below the Que Pen Gu, from left to right to Chen, using 25 characters to describe 60 bones (from here down, only the two arms are divided, to the ends of the ten fingers). Supporting behind the Que Pen Gu are the Yu Jia Gu (Hunchback Shell Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). At the end of the Yu Jia Gu are the Jia Yin Gu (Shell Hidden Bones), two bones (left and right) (if this bone is long, one becomes sage-like). Supporting the front of the Que Pen Gu are the Fei Dong Gu (Flying Moving Bones), two bones (left and right) (if diseased, flaccidity occurs). To the left of the Fei Dong Gu is the Long [Missing Character] Gu (Dragon [Missing Character] Bone), one bone (has potential, no marrow, no fluid). To the right of the Fei Dong Gu is the Hu Chong Gu (Tiger Charge Bone), one bone (same as above). Below the Long [Missing Character] Gu is the Long Ben Gu (Dragon Root Bone), one bone. Below the Hu Chong Gu is the Hu Duan Gu (Tiger End Bone), one bone (both have potential, contain marrow). Below the Ben and Duan Gu is the wrist. Inside above the Long Ben Gu is the Jin Xian Gu (Advancing Sage Bone), one bone (in men, a prominent Jin Xian bone indicates becoming a famous minister). Inside above the Hu Duan Gu is the Ji Jue Gu (Reaching Rank Bone), one bone (in women, a high Ji Jue bone indicates destiny returning). In front of the wrist, on the left and right, are the Shang Li Gu (Upper Strength Bones), eight bones (have potential, much fluid). Next to the Shang Li Gu are the Zhu Gu (Station Bones), ten bones (left and right) (same as above). Next to the Zhu Gu are the Nuo Gu (Grasp Bones), ten bones (left and right) (same as above). Next to the Nuo Gu are the Zhu Shi Gu (Assisting Potential Bones), ten bones (left and right) (left assisting outside is claw, right assisting outside is nail). Below the claws and nails are each the Chen Gu (Support Bones), ten bones (left and right) (no potential, no fluid). Next, below the KT Gu, from left, right, front, and back to Chu Bu (Initial Step), using 51 characters to describe 136 bones. From here down to below the two breasts, dividing left and right from the soles of the feet, is where all bones converge. Below the KT Gu is the Xin Bi Gu (Heart Screen Bone), one bone (no marrow). To the left of the KT Gu are the Xie Gu (Rib Bones), twelve bones (upper and lower) (located in the Small Intestine region). At the end of the left Xie Gu are each the Xie Yin Gu (Rib Hidden Bones), twelve bones (no marrow). Below the Xie Gu are the Ji Xie Gu (Seasonal Rib Bones), two bones (much fluid). At the end of the Ji Xie Gu are the Ji Yin Gu (Seasonal Hidden Bones), two bones (no marrow). To the right of the KT Gu are the Lei Gu (Rib Bones), twelve bones (located in the Tai Yang region). Below the Lei Gu are the [Missing Character] Lei Gu ([Missing Character] Rib Bones), two bones (each has no hidden bone, only beasts have them). At the end of the right Lei Gu are the Lei Yin Gu (Rib Hidden Bones), twelve bones (no marrow). In front of the [Missing Character] Gu is the Da Heng Gu (Great Horizontal Bone), one bone (has potential, little marrow). In front of the Heng Gu are the Bai Huan Gu (White Ring Bones), two bones (have potential, contain fluid). In front of the Bai Huan Gu are the Nei Fu Gu (Inner Assist Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Behind the Nei Fu Gu are the Hai Guan Gu (Bone Joint Gates), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Below the Hai Guan Gu are the FS Gu (FS Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Below the FS Gu are the Bi Shu Gu (Thigh Pivot Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much marrow). At the lower end of the Bi Shu Gu are the Xi Gai Gu (Kneecaps), two bones (left and right) (no potential, much fluid). On the left and right of the kneecaps are each the Xia Sheng Gu (Assisting Rising Bones), two bones (have potential, much fluid). Below the Bi Shu Gu are the [Missing Character] Gu ([Missing Character] Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much marrow). Outside the [Missing Character] Gu are the Wai Fu Gu (Outer Assist Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Below the [Missing Character] Gu are the Li Gu (Standing Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). On the left and right of the Li Gu are each the Nei Wai Huai Gu (Inner and Outer Ankle Bones), four bones (have potential, little fluid). In front of the ankle bones are each the Xia Li Gu (Lower Strength Bones), ten bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). Behind the ankle bones are each the Jing Gu (Capital Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, little fluid). In front of the Xia Li Gu are each the Shi Qi Gu (Release Tilt Bones), ten bones. In front of the Shi Qi Gu are each the Qi Pu Gu (Rise Fall Bones), ten bones (have potential). In front of the Qi Pu Gu are each the Ping Zhu Gu (Level Assist Bones), ten bones (left and right) (have potential). In front of the Ping Zhu Gu are each the Chen Jia Gu (Support Shell Bones), ten bones (left and right) (no potential, little fluid). On both sides of the Shi Qi Gu are each the He Gu (Kernel Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). Below the Qi Pu Gu are each the Chu Bu Gu (Initial Step Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, no marrow, contain fluid, absent in women). All these 365 bones are formed by the interaction of Heaven and Earth; humans are the most spiritual. However, women lack the Ding Wei, Left Dong, Right Peng, and Chu Bu bones, totaling five bones, leaving only 360 bones. Additionally, men and women have 190 bones that are either hidden, supportive, or lack marrow/potential. The remaining 256 bones all contain marrow and fluid, storing tendons and connecting vessels. The valleys and streams interact to form the body shape, called the Four Greats. This is the standard measurement of bones.