\r丹参\pd115.bmp\r
味苦，微寒，无毒。主心腹邪气，肠鸣幽幽如走水，寒热积聚，破症除瘕，止烦满，
益气，养血，去心腹痼疾，结气，腰脊强，脚痹，除风邪留热。久服利人。一名 蝉草，一
名赤参，一名木羊乳。生桐柏山川谷及泰山。五月采根，曝干。（畏
咸水，反藜芦。）
陶隐居云∶此桐柏山，是淮水源所出之山，在义阳，非江东临海之桐柏也。今近道处处
有。
茎
方有毛，紫花，时人呼为逐马。酒渍饮之疗风痹。道家时有用处，时人服多眼赤，故应性热
。今云微寒，恐为谬矣。唐本注云∶此药冬采良，夏采虚恶。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶
叶似
紫苏有细毛；花紫亦似苏花；根赤，大者如指，长尺余，一苗数根。今所在皆有，九月、十
月采根。药性论云∶丹参，臣，平。能治脚弱疼痹，主中恶，治百邪鬼魅，腹痛，气作声音
鸣
吼，能定精。萧炳云∶酒浸服之，治风软脚，可逐奔马，故名奔马草，曾用有效。日华子云
∶养神定志，通利关脉，治冷热劳，骨节疼痛，四肢不遂，排脓止痛，生肌长肉，破宿血，
补新生血，安生胎，落死胎，止血崩带下，调妇人经脉不匀，血邪心烦，恶疮疥癣，瘿赘肿
毒，丹毒，头痛赤眼，热温狂闷。又名山参。
图经曰∶丹参，生桐柏山川谷及泰山，今陕西、河东州郡及随州亦有之。二月生苗，高
一尺
许。茎秆方棱，青色。叶生相对，如薄荷而有毛。三月开花，红紫色似苏花。根赤大如指，
长亦尺余，一苗数根。五月采曝干。又云冬月采者良，夏月采者虚恶。
圣惠方∶治寒疝，小腹及阴中相引痛，白汗出欲死。以丹参一两，杵为散。每服热酒调
下二
钱匕
，佳。千金方∶治落胎，身下有血。丹参十二两，以酒五升。煮取三升，温服一升，日三服
。
梅师方∶治中热油及火烧，除外痛。丹参八两，细锉，以水微调，取羊脂二斤，煎三上三下
，以敷疮上。《肘后方∶》同。
味苦，性微寒，无毒。主治心腹部的邪气，肠鸣声幽深如水流走，寒热交替及体内积聚的包块，能破除癥瘕（腹内结块），消除烦闷胀满，补益元气，滋养血液，去除心腹部久治不愈的陈旧性疾病，消散气机郁结，缓解腰脊僵硬，治疗脚部麻木痹痛，祛除风邪滞留之热。长期服用对人体有益。又名蝉草，又名赤参，又名木羊乳。产于桐柏山川谷及泰山地区。五月采集根部，晒干。（忌与咸水同用，反藜芦。）
陶隐居说：这桐柏山是淮水源出之山，在义阳郡，不是江东临海郡的桐柏山。现在近道各处都有生长。
茎
方形的茎上有毛，开紫花，当时人称为逐马草。用酒浸泡饮用可治疗风痹。道家有时使用此药，当时人服用后多出现眼红症状，所以认为其性热。现在说它微寒，恐怕是错误的。《唐本草》注云：此药冬季采集为好，夏季采集则质地虚劣。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经记载：叶子像紫苏且有细毛；花紫色也类似苏花；根红色，大的如手指粗，长一尺多，一株有多根。现在各地都有，九月、十月采集根部。《药性论》记载：丹参，臣药，性平。能治疗脚弱疼痛痹阻，主治中恶邪气，治疗各种邪气鬼魅所致疾病，腹痛，气逆声音鸣吼，能固精。萧炳说：酒浸服，治疗风邪导致的脚软，可驱除奔马般的急症，所以名叫奔马草，曾经使用有效。日华子说：养神定志，通利关脉，治疗冷热劳损，骨节疼痛，四肢不能随意活动，排脓止痛，生肌长肉，破除陈旧瘀血，补充新生血液，安胎，堕死胎，止血崩带下，调理妇女月经不调，血邪心烦，恶疮疥癣，瘿赘肿毒，丹毒，头痛赤眼，热温狂闷。又名山参。
《图经》说：丹参，产于桐柏山川谷及泰山，现在陕西、河东州郡及随州也有。二月生苗，高一尺左右。茎秆方形棱状，青色。叶子对生，像薄荷但有毛。三月开花，红紫色像苏花。根红色大如手指，长也是一尺多，一株有多根。五月采集晒干。又说冬季采集的好，夏季采集的虚劣。
《圣惠方》：治疗寒疝，小腹部及阴部相互牵引疼痛，出冷汗欲死。用丹参一两，捣成散剂。每次用热酒调服二钱匕，效果佳。《千金方》：治疗流产，下身有出血。丹参十二两，用酒五升。煮取三升，温服一升，每日三次服用。
梅师方：治疗中暑热油及火烧伤，除去外部疼痛。丹参八两，切碎，用水稍微调和，取羊脂二斤，煎煮三次，敷于疮口上。《肘后方》相同。
Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma)
Bitter, slightly cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, deep intestinal murmurs resembling flowing water, alternating chills and fever, and accumulations of masses in the body. It breaks down zheng (abdominal masses) and jia (soft abdominal masses), relieves vexation and fullness, tonifies qi, nourishes blood, eliminates chronic diseases in the heart and abdomen, dissipates stagnant qi, alleviates stiffness of the waist and spine, treats numbness and bi-syndrome in the legs, and expels lingering heat from wind pathogens. Long-term use benefits the human body. Also known as Chiancao (Cicada Grass), Chishen (Red Ginseng), and Muyangru (Wood Sheep's Milk). Grows in valleys of Tongbai Mountain and Mount Tai. The roots are harvested in May and dried in the sun. (Incompatible with saline water; contrary to Lichu [Veratrum nigrum].)
Tao Hongjing stated: This Tongbai Mountain is the source of the Huai River, located in Yiyang Commandery, not the Tongbai Mountain in Linhai Commandery east of the river. Now it grows everywhere along the nearby roads.
Stems
The square stems have hairs and bear purple flowers; people at that time called it Zhuma (Horse-Chasing) grass. Drinking wine-infused preparation treats wind-bi syndrome. Daoists sometimes used this herb; people at that time often experienced red eyes after taking it, thus suggesting its nature is hot. The current description of it being slightly cold is likely erroneous. The Annotation of Tang Bencao states: This herb is best harvested in winter; summer harvest yields inferior quality. Ministers Yuxi and others respectfully consulted the Shuben Tujing: Leaves resemble Perilla frutescens (Zisu) with fine hairs; flowers are purple, also resembling Perilla flowers; roots are red, large ones as thick as a finger, over a chi long, with multiple roots per shoot. Now available everywhere, roots are harvested in September and October. Yaoxing Lun records: Danshen is a minister herb, neutral in nature. It can treat weakness, pain, and bi-syndrome in the legs; primarily treats sudden severe illness caused by evil qi; treats various ailments attributed to evil spirits or ghosts; abdominal pain; Qi rebellion causing vocalizations and roaring; can stabilize Jing (Essence). Xiao Bing stated: Wine-infused administration treats wind-induced leg softness; it can chase away galloping horses, hence named Benma Cao (Galloping Horse Grass); has been used effectively. Ri Huazi stated: Nourishes the spirit and stabilizes willpower; unblocks and benefits meridians and pulses; treats cold-heat lao (consumptive disease); joint pain; inability to move limbs freely; discharges pus and stops pain; generates flesh and promotes tissue growth; breaks down old blood stasis; supplements newly generated blood; calms the fetus during pregnancy; expels dead fetus; stops metrorrhagia and leukorrhea; regulates irregular menstruation in women; treats blood-pathogen induced vexation; malignant sores, scabies, tinea, goiters, warts, swelling, and toxicity; erysipelas; headache and red eyes; heat-induced delirium and oppression. Also known as Shanshen (Mountain Ginseng).
Tujing states: Danshen grows in valleys of Tongbai Mountain and Mount Tai; now also found in Shaanxi, Hedong commanderies, and Suizhou. Seedlings emerge in February, about one chi high. Stems are square-prismatic and green. Leaves grow opposite each other, resembling Mentha haplocalyx (Bohe) but hairy. Flowers bloom in March, reddish-purple like Perilla flowers. Roots are red, as thick as a finger, also over a chi long, with multiple roots per shoot. Harvested in May and dried. It is also said that winter harvests are superior, while summer harvests are inferior.
Shenghui Fang: Treats han shan (cold hernia), where the lower abdomen and genitalia pull each other in pain, accompanied by cold sweats and near-death sensation. Use Danshen 1 liang, pounded into powder. Each dose: mix with hot wine and take 2 qianbi. Better results if taken properly. Qianjin Fang: Treats miscarriage with vaginal bleeding. Danshen 12 liang, boiled in 5 sheng of wine. Decoct until 3 sheng remain. Take 1 sheng warm, three times daily.
Meishi Fang: Treats burns from hot oil and fire, relieving external pain. Danshen 8 liang, finely chopped, slightly moistened with water, combined with 2 jin of sheep fat. Fry three times up and down. Apply to the sore. Zhang Ji's Emergency Prescriptions (Zhouhou Fang) is identical.