\r代赭\pd53.bmp\r
味苦、甘，寒，无毒。主鬼疰，贼风，蛊毒，杀精物恶鬼，腹中毒邪气，女子赤沃漏
下，带下百病，产难，胞衣不出，堕胎，养血气，除五脏血脉中热，血痹血瘀，大人、小儿
惊气入腹及阴痿不起。一名须丸，出姑幕者名须丸，出代郡者名代赭。一名血师。生齐国山
谷。赤红青色如鸡冠有泽，染爪甲不渝者良。采无时。（畏天雄。）
陶隐居云∶旧说云是代郡城门下土。江东久绝，顷魏国所献，犹是彼间赤土尔，非复真
物，
此于俗用乃疏，而为仙方之要，并与戎盐、卤咸皆是急须。唐本注云∶此石多从代州来，云
山中采得，非城门下土，又言生齐地山谷。今齐州亭山出赤石，其色有赤、红、青者。其赤
者
，亦如鸡冠且润泽，土人唯采以丹楹柱，而紫色且暗，此物与代州出者相似，古来用之。今
灵州鸣沙县界河北，平地掘深四、五尺得者，皮上赤滑，中紫如鸡肝，大胜齐、代所出者。
臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶代赭，使，雁门城土，干姜为使，味甘，平。治女子崩中，淋沥
不
止，疗生子不落，末，温服之，辟鬼魅。萧炳云∶代赭，臣。日华子云∶代赭，畏附子。止
吐血，鼻衄，肠风，痔 ，月经不止，小儿惊痫，疳疾，反胃，止泻痢，脱精，尿血，遗溺
，金疮长肉，安胎，健脾，又治夜多小便。
图经曰∶代赭，生齐国山谷，今河东、京东山中亦有之，以赤红青色如鸡冠有泽，染爪
甲不
者良。古方紫丸治小儿用代赭，云无真者，以左顾牡蛎代使，乃知真者难得。今医家所用，
多择取大块，其上文头有如浮沤丁者为胜，谓之丁头代赭，采无时。次条又有白垩，生邯郸
山谷，即画家所用者，多而且贱，一名白善土。胡居士云∶始兴小桂县晋阳乡有白善，俗方
稀用。今处处皆有，人家往往用以浣衣。《山海经·西山经》石 （音跪）之山，其阴灌水
出
焉，而北流于愚水，其中有流赭，以涂牛马无病。郭璞注云∶赭，赤土也。今人以朱涂牛角
，云以辟恶。又云∶大次之山，其阳多垩。又《北山经》天池之山，其中多黄垩。又《中山
经》葱聋之山，其中有大谷，多白、黑、青、黄垩。注云∶言有杂色之垩也。然则赭以西土
者为贵，垩有五色，入药唯白者耳。
雷公云∶凡使，不计多少，用蜡水细研尽，重重飞过，水面上有赤色如薄云者去之。然
后用
细
茶脚汤煮之，一伏时了，取出又研一万匝，方入用。净铁铛一口，着火得铛热底赤，即下白
蜡一两于铛底逡巡间，便投新汲水冲之于中，沸一、二千度了，如此放冷，取出使之。斗门
方∶
治小肠气。用血师一两，米醋一升，以火烧血师通赤，淬入醋中，以淬竭为度，捣罗如面。
用汤调下一大钱，即瘥如神矣。血师即代赭也。御药院治风疹疼痒不可忍。赤土不计多少研
碎，空心温酒调下一钱。丹房镜源云∶代赭出金色。别说云∶谨按；今处州岁贡，数不啻万
斤，其色亦丹鲜。
衍义曰∶代赭，方士炉火中多用，丁头、光泽、坚实、赤紫色者佳。白垩，即白善土，
京师
之白土子。方寸许切成段，鬻于市，人得以浣衣。今人合王瓜，等分为末，汤点二钱服，治
头痛。赤土，今公府用以饰椽柱者。水调细末一、二钱服，以治风疹。
味苦、甘，性寒，无毒。主治鬼疰（一种由邪气引起的慢性消耗性疾病）、贼风（突然袭来的不正之风）、蛊毒（因虫毒或邪气引起的中毒），能杀死精怪恶鬼，消除腹中的有毒邪气；治疗妇女赤白带下及漏下不止、各种带下病、难产、胞衣不下、堕胎后养血益气；清除五脏血脉中的热邪，治疗血痹（血液运行不畅导致的肢体麻木疼痛）和血瘀；治疗成人和小儿的惊气入腹以及阳痿不起。又名须丸，出产在姑幕的称为须丸，出产在代郡的称为代赭。又名血师。生于齐国的山谷中。以颜色赤红青紫像鸡冠一样且有光泽，能染指甲不褪色的为佳品。采集没有固定时间。（畏天雄。）
陶隐居说：旧时说它是代郡城门下的泥土。江东地区很久就没有了，近来魏国进献的，也不过是那里的红土罢了，不是真正的药材。这在世俗应用中虽然疏略，却是仙方中的重要药物，与戎盐、卤咸都是急需之物。《唐本草》注解说：这种石头大多从代州来，说是山中采得的，不是城门下的泥土，又说产于齐地山谷。现在齐州亭山出产赤石，颜色有赤、红、青几种。其中红色的，也像鸡冠且润泽，当地人只用来涂柱子，而紫色的比较暗淡，这种物与代州出产的相似，自古以来就使用它。现在灵州鸣沙县界黄河边，平地挖掘深四、五尺所得到的，皮上赤滑，中间紫色像鸡肝，大大胜过齐州、代州所出的。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：代赭，为使药，雁门城的土，干姜作为使药，味甘，平。治疗女子崩中（非经期大量出血），淋沥不止，治疗产后婴儿未脱落（指脐带），研末，温服，可辟除鬼魅。萧炳说：代赭，属臣药。日华子说：代赭，畏附子。能止吐血、鼻衄（流鼻血）、肠风（便血）、痔漏、月经不止、小儿惊痫、疳疾（营养不良综合征）、反胃、止泻痢、固精、尿血、遗尿、金疮生肌、安胎、健脾，又治疗夜间小便多。
《图经》说：代赭，生于齐国山谷，现在河东、京东的山中也有，以赤红青色像鸡冠有光泽，染指甲不褪色的为佳品。古方紫丸治疗小儿用代赭，说没有真品，用左顾牡蛎代替使用，才知道真品难得。现在医家所用的，多选择大块，上面有头状突起如浮沤丁的为胜品，称为丁头代赭，采集没有固定时间。次条又有白垩，生于邯郸山谷，就是画家所用的，产量多而且便宜，一名白善土。胡居士说：始兴小桂县晋阳乡有白善，俗方很少用。现在到处都有，人家往往用来洗衣服。《山海经·西山经》记载石跪之山，山的北面灌水发源，向北流入愚水，其中有流赭，用来涂抹牛马可以无病。郭璞注解说：赭，是赤土。现在的人用朱砂涂牛角，说可以辟邪。又说：大次之山，山的南面多垩。又《北山经》天池之山，其中多黄垩。又《中山经》葱聋之山，其中有大谷，多白、黑、青、黄垩。注解说：说有杂色的垩。那么赭以西部的土为贵，垩有五色，入药只用白色的。
雷公说：凡是使用，不论多少，用蜡水细细研磨尽，重重飞过（水飞法），水面有赤色像薄云的去掉。然后用细茶脚汤煮它，一伏时（约12小时）后，取出再研一万匝，才入药使用。净铁铛一口，点火烧到铛底通红，即下白蜡一两于铛底，一会儿，投入新汲水冲在其中，沸腾一、二千次后，如此放冷，取出使用。斗门方：治疗小肠气。用血师一两，米醋一升，用火将血师烧得通红，淬入醋中，以淬尽为度，捣罗如面粉。用汤调下一大钱，即刻痊愈如神。血师即代赭也。御药院治风疹疼痒不可忍。赤土不论多少研碎，空心温酒调下一钱。丹房镜源说：代赭出金色。别说说：谨按：现在处州每年进贡，数量不止万斤，其色也很丹鲜。
《衍义》说：代赭，方士炉火中多用，丁头、光泽、坚实、赤紫色的为佳。白垩，即白善土，京师的白土子。方寸许切成段，在市上卖，人们可以用来洗衣服。现在人合王瓜，等分为末，汤点二钱服，治疗头痛。赤土，现在公府用来装饰椽柱的。水调细末一、二钱服，以治风疹。
Dai Zhe (Hematitum)
Bitter, sweet, cold, non-toxic. It primarily treats Gui Zhu (ghostly infection, a chronic wasting disease caused by evil qi), Zei Feng (sudden invasion of pathogenic wind), Gu Du (poisoning from gu worms or evil qi), kills spirits and evil ghosts, eliminates toxic evil qi in the abdomen; treats women with red leukorrhea and metrorrhagia, various leukorrhea diseases, difficult labor, retained placenta, post-abortion conditions to nourish blood and replenish qi; clears heat from the blood vessels of the five zang organs, treats Xue Bi (blood stasis causing numbness and pain) and blood stasis; treats adults and children with fright qi entering the abdomen and impotence. Also known as Xu Wan; those produced in Gumu are called Xu Wan, while those produced in Dai Jun are called Dai Zhe. Also known as Xue Shi (Blood Master). Grows in the valleys of Qi State. The best quality is red, crimson, and bluish-purple like a rooster's comb, glossy, and stains fingernails without fading. Collection has no fixed time. (Averse to Tian Xiong/Aconiti Radix Preparata.)
Tao Hongjing said: Old theories state it is soil from under the city gates of Dai Jun. It has been long absent in the Jiangdong region; what was recently presented by the Wei state is merely local red earth, not the true substance. Although its use in secular medicine is sparse, it is essential in immortal formulas, along with Rong Yan (Roccae Salis) and Lu Xian (Halitum), which are all urgently needed. The *Tang Bencao* annotation states: This stone mostly comes from Dai Zhou, claimed to be mined from mountains, not soil from under city gates, and also says it grows in the valleys of Qi land. Currently, Chi Shi (red stone) is produced at Ting Mountain in Qi Zhou, with colors including red, crimson, and green. The red ones resemble a rooster's comb and are glossy; locals only use them to paint pillars, while the purple ones are duller. This substance resembles that from Dai Zhou and has been used since ancient times. Now, in the border of Mingsha County, Ling Zhou, north of the Yellow River, digging four or five chi deep yields material with a red slippery skin and a purple interior like chicken liver, greatly surpassing those from Qi and Dai. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully note according to *Yao Xing Lun*: Dai Zhe serves as a guiding drug; soil from Yanmen City, with Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) as an assistant drug, tastes sweet and is neutral. It treats women with Beng Zhong (metrorrhagia/menorrhagia), continuous dripping, and treats infants whose umbilical cords have not yet fallen off; taken as powder with warm water, it wards off ghosts and demons. Xiao Bing stated: Dai Zhe is a minister drug. Ri Hua Zi stated: Dai Zhe is averse to Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata). It stops hematemesis, epistaxis, Chang Feng (hematochezia due to wind-heat), hemorrhoids, menorrhagia, pediatric convulsions, gan disease (malnutrition syndrome), regurgitation, dysentery, spermatorrhea, hematuria, enuresis, promotes flesh growth in traumatic wounds, calms the fetus, strengthens the spleen, and treats nocturnal polyuria.
*Tujing* states: Dai Zhe grows in the valleys of Qi State; it is now also found in the mountains of Hedong and Jingdong. The best quality is red, crimson, and bluish-purple like a rooster's comb, glossy, and does not fade when staining fingernails. Ancient formula Zi Wan uses Dai Zhe for pediatric treatment, stating that genuine ones are rare, so Zuogu Muli (Ostreae Concha) is used as a substitute, indicating that genuine materials are hard to obtain. Current physicians mostly select large pieces where the surface has protrusions resembling floating bubbles, considered superior, called Ding Tou Dai Zhe (Nail-head Hematitum). Collection has no fixed time. The next entry mentions Bai E (Kaolinite), growing in the valleys of Handan, which is used by painters, abundant and cheap, also known as Bai Shan Tu (White Good Earth). Hu Jushi said: In Jinxiang Township, Xiaogui County, Shixing, there is Bai Shan, rarely used in folk prescriptions. It is now available everywhere, often used by households for washing clothes. *Shan Hai Jing · Western Mountain Classic* records the Mountain of Stone Gui, where the Guan River originates on the northern slope and flows north into the Yu River; it contains Liu Zhe (flowing hematite), which, when applied to cattle and horses, prevents disease. Guo Pu annotated: Zhe is red earth. People nowadays apply cinnabar to ox horns, claiming it wards off evil. It also states: On the mountain of Da Ci, the southern slope is rich in E. Also, *Northern Mountain Classic* mentions Tian Chi Mountain, where there is much yellow E. Also, *Central Mountain Classic* mentions Conglong Mountain, where there is a large valley rich in white, black, green, and yellow E. The annotation states: This refers to mixed-color kaolin. Thus, Zhe from western regions is prized; E comes in five colors, but only white is used in medicine.
Lei Gong said: Regardless of quantity, grind finely with wax water, repeatedly using the water flotation method. Discard any red film on the water surface resembling thin clouds. Then boil in fine tea dregs decoction for one fu (approx. 12 hours), remove, and grind ten thousand times before use. Take a clean iron cauldron, heat until the bottom is red-hot, add one liang of white wax to the bottom, wait briefly, then pour in fresh well water to stir. Boil one or two thousand times, let cool, and use. Dou Men Formula: Treats Xiao Chang Qi (intestinal qi stagnation/hernia). Use one liang of Xue Shi, one sheng of rice vinegar. Heat the Xue Shi until red-hot, quench in vinegar until exhausted, grind into powder. Mix with decoction and take one da qian; recovery is miraculous. Xue Shi is Dai Zhe. Imperial Medical Academy Formula: For unbearable itching and pain from wind-rash. Grind red earth finely, take one qian with warm wine on an empty stomach. *Dan Fang Jing Yuan* states: Dai Zhe appears golden. *Bie Shuo* states: According to records, Chuzhou annually presents tribute, exceeding ten thousand jin, with bright red color.
*Yanyi* states: Dai Zhe is frequently used in alchemical furnaces. Those with nail-heads, glossiness, firmness, and red-purple color are excellent. Bai E is Bai Shan Tu, also known as Bai Tu Zi in the capital. Cut into segments about one cun square, sold in markets, people use it for washing clothes. Nowadays, people mix Wang Gua (Trichosanthes cucumeroides) in equal parts, grind into powder, take two qian with hot water to treat headache. Chi Tu (red earth) is currently used by official mansions to decorate rafters. Mix fine powder with water, take one or two qian to treat wind-rash.