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味辛、酸，平，有毒。主水胀疝瘕痹，熨除痈肿，杀鬼精物，疗胸中邪气，水肿，痿
痹，腹满洪直，疏五脏，散水气。如人形者有神。一名 根，一名夜呼。生咸阳川谷。
陶隐居云∶近道处处有。方家不甚干用，疗水肿，切生根杂生鲤鱼煮作汤。道家乃散用
及煎
酿
，皆能去尸虫，见鬼神。其实亦入神药。花名 花，尤良。唐本注云∶此有赤白二种，白者
入药用，赤者见鬼神，甚有毒，但贴肿处用。若服之伤人，乃至痢血不已而死也。今注商陆
，一名白昌，一名当陆。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶叶大如牛舌而浓脆，有赤花者根赤，
白
花者根白。今所在有之。二月、八月采根，日干。尔雅云∶ ，马尾。注《广雅》曰∶马
尾，商陆。本草云∶别名 。今关西亦呼为 ，江东呼为当陆。《释文》云∶如人形者有神
。药性论∶云当陆，使，忌犬肉，味甘，有大毒。能泻十种水病，喉痹不通，薄切醋熬，喉
肿处处敷之瘥。日华子云∶白章陆，味苦，冷，得大蒜良。通大小肠，泻蛊毒，堕胎， 肿
毒，敷恶疮。赤者有毒。
图经曰∶商陆俗名章柳根，生咸阳山谷，今处处有之，多生于人家园圃中。春生苗，高
三、
四
尺，叶青如牛舌而长。茎青赤，至柔脆。夏秋开红紫花，作朵。根如芦菔而长，八月、九月
内采根，曝干。其用归表。古方术家多用之，亦可单服。五月五日采根，竹 盛，挂屋东北
角阴干百日，捣筛，井华水调服，云神仙所秘法。喉中卒被毒瓦斯攻痛者。切根炙令热，隔布
熨之，冷辄易，立愈。其花，主人心昏塞，多忘喜误。取花阴干百日，捣末。日暮水服方寸
匕，卧思念所欲事，即于眼中自觉。《尔雅》谓之 ，《广雅》谓之马尾，《易》谓之苋
陆，皆谓此商陆也。然有赤、白二种，花赤者根赤，花白者根白。赤者不入药，服食用白者
。又一种名赤菖，苗、叶绝相类。不可用，服之伤筋消肾，须细辨之。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用赤菖。缘相似，其赤菖花、茎有消筋肾之毒，故勿饵。章陆花白，
年多
后
仙人采之用作脯，可下酒也。每修事，先以铜刀刮去上皮了，薄切，以东流水浸两宿，然后
漉出，架甑蒸，以豆叶一重了，与章陆一重，如斯蒸从午至亥，出，仍去豆叶曝干了，细锉
用。若无豆叶，只用豆代之。外台秘要∶治水气。商陆根白者去皮，切如小豆许，一大盏，
以
水三升，煮取一以上。烂即取粟米一大盏煮成粥。仍空心服，若一日两度服即恐利多，每日
服一顿即微利，不得杂食。又方∶治瘰 、喉痹卒攻痛。捣生章陆根，捻作饼子，置瘰 上
，
以艾炷于药上灸三、四壮。千金髓∶治水气浮肿。白菖六两，取汁半合，和酒半升，看大小
相
度与服，当利下水瘥。又方∶卒暴症，肿中有物如石，痛刺啼呼，若不治，百日死。多取商
陆
根捣汁，或蒸之，以布藉腹上，安药勿覆，冷复易，昼夜勿息。经验方∶治水疾。樟柳去粗
皮，
薄切曝干为末，用黄颡鱼三头，大蒜三瓣，绿豆一合，以水一大碗同煮，豆烂为度，先将豆
任
意吃了，却以汁调药末一钱匕，其水化为清气消。梅师方∶治水肿不能服药。商陆一升，羊
肉六
两，以水一斗煮取六升，去滓，和肉、葱、豉作 ，如常法食之，商陆白者妙。孙真人食忌
主
一切热毒肿。章陆根和盐少许敷之，日再易。又方∶主疮中毒。切章陆根汁，热布裹熨之，
冷即易。斗门方治脚软。用章柳根细切如小豆大，
煮令熟，更入绿豆同烂煮为饭。每日如此修事服饵，以瘥为度。其功最效。张文仲∶治石痈
坚如石，不作脓者。生章陆根捣擦之，燥即易，取软为度。
味辛、酸，性平，有毒。主治水胀、疝瘕（腹内结块）、痹证，外敷可消除痈肿，能驱除邪祟精怪，治疗胸中邪气、水肿、痿痹、腹部胀满且脉象洪大挺直，疏通五脏，消散水气。形状像人形的具有神效。又名“根”，又名“夜呼”。产于咸阳的山谷中。
陶隐居说：近处道路两旁到处都有。医家不常干燥使用，治疗水肿时，将新鲜商陆切片与生鲤鱼一起煮成汤。道家则将其研粉服用或煎酿食用，都能去除体内的尸虫，看见鬼神。它实际上也属于神仙药物。花名为“商陆花”，效果尤其好。《唐本草》注解说：此药有赤、白两种，白色的入药使用，红色的见鬼神，毒性很大，只能贴敷在肿胀处使用。如果内服伤害人体，甚至会导致痢血不止而死。现在的注释中商陆又名“白昌”，又名“当陆”。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：叶子大如牛舌，厚实而脆，开红花的根是红色的，开白花的根是白色的。现在各地都有生长。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。《尔雅》说：“，即马尾。”注《广雅》说：“马尾，就是商陆。”《本草》说：别名。现在关西地区也称它为，江东地区称为当陆。《释文》说：形状像人形的具有神效。《药性论》说：称为当陆，作为使药，忌食犬肉，味甘，有大毒。能泻除十种水病，喉痹不通，将商陆薄切后用醋熬制，涂抹在喉咙肿胀处即可痊愈。日华子说：白章陆，味苦，性冷，配合大蒜效果好。能通利大小肠，泻除蛊毒，堕胎，治疗肿毒，敷治恶疮。红色的有毒。
《图经》说：商陆俗名章柳根，产于咸阳山谷，现在到处都有，多生长在人家园圃中。春天生苗，高三四尺，叶子青色像牛舌一样长。茎青红色，非常柔脆。夏秋季节开红紫色的花，成簇。根像萝卜一样长，八月、九月内采集根部，晒干。其功效归于表证。古代方术家常多用此药，也可以单服。五月五日采集根部，用竹筒盛装，挂在房屋东北角阴干一百天，捣碎筛细，用井华水调服，说是神仙秘传的方法。喉咙突然被毒瓦斯攻击疼痛的，切开根部烤热，隔着布熨烫，冷了立即更换，立刻痊愈。其花，主治人心昏塞，多忘事喜误。取花阴干一百天，捣成粉末。傍晚用水送服一方寸匕，躺下思念所想之事，就会在眼中自觉显现。《尔雅》称之为，《广雅》称之为马尾，《易经》称之为苋陆，都指这种商陆。然而有赤、白两种，花红的根红，花白的根白。红色的不入药，食用需用白色的。又有一种名叫赤菖，苗、叶极其相似。不可使用，服用会伤筋消肾，必须仔细辨别。
雷公说：凡使用，不要用赤菖。因为相似，赤菖的花、茎有消损筋肾的毒性，所以不要食用。章陆花白，多年后仙人采摘用作肉脯，可以下酒。每次炮制，先用铜刀刮去外皮，薄切，用东流水浸泡两个晚上，然后捞出，架在甑上蒸，铺一层豆叶，再铺一层章陆，如此交替蒸从午时到亥时，取出，去掉豆叶晒干，细锉后使用。如果没有豆叶，只用豆子代替。《外台秘要》：治疗水气。白色商陆根去皮，切成小豆大小，一大盏，用水三升，煮取一升以上。烂熟后取粟米一大盏煮成粥。空腹服用，如果一天服两次恐怕腹泻过多，每天服一顿则轻微腹泻，不得吃杂食。又一方：治疗瘰疬、喉痹突然攻痛。捣碎新鲜章陆根，捏成饼状，放在瘰疬上，用艾炷在药上灸三、四壮。《千金髓》：治疗水气浮肿。白菖六两，取汁半合，和酒半升，根据病情轻重调整剂量服用，应当通过利尿排出水气而痊愈。又一方：治疗卒暴症，肿中有物如石头，疼痛刺骨啼哭呼叫，如果不治疗，百日死亡。多取商陆根捣汁，或蒸熟，用布垫在腹部上，放上药物不要覆盖，冷了立即更换，昼夜不停。《经验方》：治疗水疾。樟柳去粗皮，薄切晒干为末，用黄颡鱼三条，大蒜三瓣，绿豆一合，用水一大碗同煮，豆烂为止，先将豆任意吃了，再用汁调药末一方寸匕，水气化为清气消散。《梅师方》：治疗水肿不能服药。商陆一升，羊肉六两，用水一斗煮取六升，去渣，和肉、葱、豉做成羹，按常法食用，商陆以白色为佳。孙真人《食忌》主治一切热毒肿。章陆根加少许盐敷之，每天更换两次。又一方：主治疮中毒。切章陆根取汁，用热布包裹熨烫，冷了即换。《斗门方》治疗脚软。用章柳根细切如小豆大，煮令熟，再加入绿豆同烂煮为饭。每天如此炮制服用，以痊愈为度。其功效最显著。张文仲：治疗石痈坚硬如石，不作脓的。生章陆根捣擦患处，干了就换，以变软为度。
Shanglu (Phytolaccae Radix)
Taste: Acrid, Sour. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Primarily treats water distension (fluid retention), hernia masses (abdominal lumps), and bi-syndrome (painful obstruction). External application can eliminate carbuncles and swellings; it dispels evil spirits and essences, treats pathogenic qi in the chest, edema, flaccidity syndrome, abdominal fullness with a surging and straight pulse, unblocks the five zang organs, and dissipates water qi. Those resembling the human form possess spiritual efficacy. Also known as "Gen", also known as "Yehu". Grows in valleys of Xianyang.
Tao Hongjing states: It is found everywhere near roads. Physicians rarely use it dried. For treating edema, fresh Shanglu is sliced and boiled with raw carp to make a soup. Daoists use it powdered or decocted/fermented, which can remove corpse-worms and allow one to see ghosts and deities. It is indeed considered a divine medicine. The flower is named "Shanglu Hua" and is particularly effective. *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: There are red and white varieties. The white variety is used medicinally; the red variety reveals ghosts and deities and is highly toxic, suitable only for external application on swellings. Internal ingestion damages the body and can lead to death from incessant bloody dysentery. Current annotations state Shanglu is also called "Baichang" and "Danglu". Minister Yuxi et al. carefully checked the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*: Leaves are large like ox tongues, thick and brittle. Plants with red flowers have red roots; those with white flowers have white roots. It grows in all places now. Roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried. *Erya* says: "Lu, is Ma Wei." Commentary on *Guangya* says: "Ma Wei is Shanglu." *Bencao* says: Alias is Lu. Now in Guanzhong it is also called Lu, and in Jiangdong it is called Danglu. *Shiwen* says: Those resembling the human form possess spiritual efficacy. *Yaoxing Lun* says: Called Danglu, used as an assistant drug, contraindicated with dog meat, taste sweet, highly toxic. Can drain ten types of water diseases, throat obstruction (bi), by slicing thinly and boiling with vinegar, then applying to swollen throat areas for cure. Ri Huazi says: Bai Zhanglu, taste bitter, cold nature, good when combined with garlic. Unblocks large and small intestines, drains gu-toxin, induces abortion, treats swelling/toxins, applies to malignant sores. The red variety is toxic.
*Tujing* says: Shanglu is commonly known as Zhangliugen, grows in valleys of Xianyang, now found everywhere, often in household gardens. Sprouts in spring, 3-4 chi high, leaves green like ox tongues and long. Stems are green-red, very soft and brittle. Red-purple flowers bloom in clusters in summer and autumn. Roots resemble radishes and are long; harvested in August and September, sun-dried. Its action targets the exterior. Ancient alchemists often used it, and it can be taken alone. Harvest roots on the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, store in bamboo tubes, hang in the northeast corner of the house to dry in shade for 100 days, grind and sift, mix well water for administration, said to be a secret method of immortals. For sudden pain in the throat attacked by toxic vapors: Slice root, heat it, apply via cloth compression (hot compress); change when cool, immediate cure. The flower treats mental confusion, forgetfulness, and errors. Take flowers, dry in shade for 100 days, grind to powder. Administer one cun-bi with water at dusk; lie down and contemplate desired matters, and they will appear visually. *Erya* calls it Lu, *Guangya* calls it Ma Wei, *I Ching* calls it Xianlu, all referring to this Shanglu. However, there are red and white varieties: red flowers yield red roots, white flowers yield white roots. Red is not used medicinally; white is used for consumption. Another variety named Chi Chang has seedlings and leaves extremely similar. Do not use; ingestion damages sinews and consumes kidneys; careful distinction is required.
Lei Gong says: When using, do not use Chi Chang. Because they are similar, Chi Chang's flowers and stems have toxicity that destroys sinews and kidneys, so do not ingest. Zhanglu flowers are white; after many years, immortals harvest them to make jerky, which aids digestion. In processing, first scrape off the outer skin with a copper knife, slice thinly, soak in flowing water from the east for two nights, then strain out, steam in a steamer basket lined with soybean leaves alternating with layers of Zhanglu, steaming from Wu hour to Hai hour, remove, discard soybean leaves, sun-dry, cut finely for use. If no soybean leaves, substitute with beans. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats water qi. White Shanglu root, peeled, cut into mung bean-sized pieces, one large cup, boil in three sheng of water until one sheng remains. When soft, add one large cup of millet to cook into porridge. Take on an empty stomach. Taking twice a day may cause excessive diarrhea; taking once daily causes mild diarrhea. Avoid mixed foods. Another prescription: Treats scrofula and sudden throat obstruction pain. Mash fresh Zhanglu root, shape into cakes, place on scrofula, moxa-burn three to four cones on top. *Qianjin Sui*: Treats water qi edema. Bai Chang six liang, extract half he of juice, mix with half sheng of wine, adjust dosage according to condition severity, should recover through urination. Another prescription: Treats acute sudden disease where swelling contains stone-like objects, piercing pain causing crying and calling; without treatment, death occurs in 100 days. Take much Shanglu root, mash for juice or steam, place cloth on abdomen, apply medicine without covering, change when cool, day and night without rest. *Jingyan Fang*: Treats water diseases. Remove coarse skin of Zhangliu, slice thinly, sun-dry and powder. Use three yellow catfish heads, three cloves of garlic, one he of mung beans, boil in one large bowl of water until beans are soft. Eat beans freely first, then take one cun-bi of powder mixed with the broth; water transforms into clear qi and dissipates. *Meishi Fang*: Treats edema where oral medication is impossible. One sheng of Shanglu, six liang of mutton, boil in one dou of water until six sheng remain, remove dregs, combine with meat, green onion, and fermented soybeans to make a stew, eat as usual; white Shanglu is superior. Sun Simiao's *Shiji* treats all heat-toxin swellings. Apply Zhanglu root with a little salt, change twice daily. Another prescription: Treats sore poisoning. Cut Zhanglu root for juice, wrap in hot cloth for compress, change when cool. *Doumen Fang* treats weak legs. Cut Zhangliugen finely to mung bean size, boil until cooked, add mung beans and cook thoroughly into rice. Process and take daily until cured. Efficacy is most significant. Zhang Wenzhong: Treats stone abscesses hard as stone, without suppuration. Rub with raw Zhanglu root, change when dry, stop when softened.