味辛，寒，有毒。主鬼疰，寒热，鼠 ，恶疮，死肌，破症瘕，堕胎，蚀疮中恶肉，
鼻中息肉，散结气石淋，去子，服一刀圭即下。一名 青，一名青蛙（乌娲切）。生汶山川
谷
，八月取。（恶甘草。）
陶隐居云∶真者出梁州，状如大马蚁，有翼；伪者即斑蝥所化，状如大豆，大都疗体略
同，
必不能得真尔，此亦可用，故有 青之名。 字乃异，恐是相承误矣。唐本注云∶形如大马
蚁者，今见出 州者是也。状如大豆者，未见也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶二月、三月
、八月、九月，草菜上取之，形倍黑色，芫青所化也。药性论云∶地胆，能宣出瘰 根，从
小
便出，上亦吐之。治鼻 。
图经文具芫青条下。
味咸，平，无毒。主目中翳，断血，生肌。贝类也，大如鳆，皮黄黑而骨白，以为马饰
。生南海，采无时。（唐本先附）
海药∶谨按《名医别录》云∶生南海，白如蚌。主消翳膜及筋弩肉，并刮点之。此外
无诸要用也。雷公云∶要冬采得色白腻者，并有白旋水纹。勿令见火，立无用处。夫用，以
铜刀刮作
绢罗筛过后，研千余下用。此物不入妇人药中用。
\r蜻（音青）蛉（音零）\pd473.bmp\r
微寒。强阴，止精。
陶隐居云∶此有五、六种，今用青色大眼者，一名诸乘，俗呼胡蜊，道家用以止精。眼
可化
为青珠。共余黄细及黑者，不入药用，一名蜻蜓。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶蜻蜓六足四翼
，好飞溪渠侧。日华子云∶蜻蜓，凉，无毒。壮阳，暖水脏。入药去翼足，炒用良。
图经曰∶蜻蛉，旧不载所出州郡，今所在水际多有之。此有数种，当用青色大眼者为良。
其
余黄赤及黑色者不入用。俗间正名蜻蜓，而不甚须也。道家则多用之。
衍义曰∶蜻蛉，其中一种最大，京师名为马大头者是，身绿色，雌者，腰间一遭碧色。
用则
当用雄者。陶隐居以谓青色大眼。一类之中，元无青者，眼一类皆大。此物生化于水中，故
多
飞水上。唐·杜甫云∶点水蜻蜓款款飞。
【地胆】
味辛，性寒，有毒。主治鬼疰（一种具有传染性的慢性消耗性疾病），寒热往来，鼠瘘（颈部淋巴结结核），恶疮，死肌（坏死的肌肉组织），破除症瘕（腹内结块），堕胎，腐蚀疮中的恶肉，去除鼻中息肉，消散结气和石淋（泌尿系结石），消除子（胎儿）。服用一刀圭（古代量词，约等于一钱匕）即可排出。又名青，又名青蛙（读音为乌娲切）。生于汶山的川谷之中，八月采集。（忌与甘草同用。）
陶弘景说：地道胆的真品出自梁州，形状像大马蚁，有翅膀；伪品即由斑蝥所化，形状像大豆，大多治疗作用大致相同，但必定得不到真品，此伪品也可使用，所以有“青”这个名字。“ ”字乃是异体字，恐怕是沿袭错误所致。《新修本草》注解说：形状像大马蚁的，现在见到的出 州的即是。形状像大豆的，未曾见过。臣禹锡等谨按《蜀本图经》记载：二月、三月、八月、九月，在草菜上采集，形状加倍黑，是由芫青所化。《药性论》记载：地胆，能宣发排出瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）的根核，从小便排出，上部也能使其呕吐出来。治疗鼻痔。《图经》内容详载于芫青条目下。
【珂】
味咸，性平，无毒。主治眼中翳膜，止血，生肌。属于贝类，大小如鲍鱼，皮黄黑而骨白，用来作为马饰。产于南海，随时可采。（《新修本草》先附于此条。）
《海药本草》：谨按《名医别录》记载：产于南海，白色如蚌。主治消除翳膜及筋弩肉（眼球突出的赘肉），并刮取粉末点眼。此外没有其他主要用途。雷公说：要冬季采集颜色白腻的，并有白色旋水纹。不要让火接触，否则立即失去药效。使用时，用铜刀刮下，过绢罗筛后，研磨千余下使用。此物不用于妇女药物中。
【蜻蛉】
性微寒。强壮阴气，止遗精。
陶弘景说：此物有五、六种，现在使用的是青色大眼的，一名诸乘，俗呼胡蜊，道家用来止精。眼睛可以化为青珠。其余黄色细小及黑色的，不入药用，一名蜻蜓。臣禹锡等谨按《蜀本注》记载：蜻蜓六足四翼，喜欢在溪渠边飞翔。日华子说：蜻蜓，凉，无毒。壮阳，暖水脏。入药需去掉翼足，炒用效果好。
《图经》说：蜻蛉，旧籍不记载其出产州郡，现在水边多有分布。此物有数种，应当使用青色大眼的为良。其余黄赤及黑色的不入用。俗间正名蜻蜓，但不甚重要。道家则多用之。
《衍义》说：蜻蛉，其中一种最大，京师名为马大头的是，身体绿色，雌的，腰间有一圈碧色。使用时应当用雄的。陶弘景认为青色大眼。一类之中，原本没有青色的，眼睛一类都大。此物生化于水中，所以多飞在水上。唐代杜甫诗云：“点水蜻蜓款款飞。”
[Di Dan]
Taste: Acrid (Xin). Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Indications: Governs Gui Zhu (a contagious chronic wasting disease), alternating chills and fever, Shu Lou (cervical lymph node tuberculosis), malignant sores, dead muscle tissue, breaks up Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), induces abortion, erodes evil flesh in sores, removes nasal polyps, disperses stagnant Qi and Shi Lin (urinary calculi), expels the fetus. Administration of one Dao Gui (an ancient unit of measurement) results in expulsion. Also known as Qing, also known as Qing Wa (pronounced Wu Wa Qie). Grows in the valleys of Mount Wen. Harvested in August. (Incompatible with Gan Cao / Licorice Root.)
Tao Hongjing states: The genuine product comes from Liang Zhou, resembling a large horse ant, with wings; the counterfeit is transformed from Ban Mao (Mylabris), resembling a soybean. Their therapeutic effects are largely similar, but the genuine product cannot be obtained. This counterfeit can also be used, hence the name "Qing". The character " " is a variant, likely due to historical transmission error. The Commentary on the New Pharmacopoeia notes: Those resembling large horse ants are seen coming from [missing character] Zhou. Those resembling soybeans have not been seen. Ministers Yu Xi et al. according to the Shu Ben Tu Jing record: Collected in February, March, August, and September from grass and vegetables, appearing doubly black, transformed from Yuan Qing (Mylabris phalerata). Yao Xing Lun records: Di Dan can promote the discharge of Luo Li (scrofula) roots via urination or vomiting. Treats nasal polyps. The content of Tu Jing is detailed under the entry for Yuan Qing.
[Ke]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Governs eye nebula (cataracts/opacities), stops bleeding, generates flesh. It is a bivalve mollusk, size like Abalone (Fou), with yellow-black skin and white bone, used as horse ornamentation. Grows in the South Sea, harvested at any time. (Attached first in the New Pharmacopoeia.)
Hai Yao Ben Cao: According to Ming Yi Bie Lu: Grows in the South Sea, white like a clam. Governs the resolution of nebulae and Jin Nu Rou (protruding conjunctival tissue), applied as scraped powder. There are no other major uses. Lei Gong says: Winter harvest yields those that are white and greasy, with white spiral water patterns. Do not expose to fire, or it becomes useless. When used, scrape with a copper knife, sieve through silk gauze, and grind over a thousand times before use. This substance is not used in women's medicines.
[Qing Ling]
Nature: Slightly Cold. Actions: Strengthens Yin, stops seminal emission.
Tao Hongjing states: There are five or six types. The currently used type has green eyes, also known as Zhu Cheng, colloquially called Hu La. Taoists use it to stop seminal emission. Its eyes can be transformed into green pearls. The remaining yellow, fine, and black varieties are not used in medicine, also known as Qing Ting. Ministers Yu Xi et al. according to the Shu Ben Zhu note: Qing Ting has six legs and four wings, fond of flying beside streams and canals. Ri Hua Zi says: Qing Ting is cool and non-toxic. Strengthens Yang, warms the Water Zang (Kidneys). For medicinal use, remove wings and legs, stir-fry for best effect.
Tu Jing states: Qing Ling was not recorded in old texts regarding its origin provinces. Now found abundantly near waters. There are several types; the green-eyed variety is superior. Yellow, red, and black varieties are not used. The common name is Qing Ting, which is not strictly necessary. Taoists use it frequently.
Yan Yi states: Among Qing Ling, the largest type is known in the Capital as Ma Da Tou. It is green-bodied; females have a ring of jade-green color around the waist. Males should be used. Tao Hongjing considered the green-eyed variety. Within this category, there originally were no green ones; the eyes are all large. This creature originates from water, thus often flies over water. Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu wrote: "Dragonflies skim the water, flying leisurely."