\r射（音夜）干\pd232.bmp\r
味苦，平、微温，有毒。主咳逆上气，喉痹咽痛，不得消息，散结气，腹中邪
逆，食饮大热，疗老血在心脾间，咳唾，言语气臭，散胸中热气。久服令人虚。一名乌扇，
一名乌蒲，一名乌 ，一名乌吹，一名草姜。生南阳川谷田野。三月三日采根，阴干。
陶隐居云∶此即是乌 根，庭台多种之。黄色，亦疗毒肿，方多作夜干字。今射亦作夜
音，
人言其叶是鸢尾，而复又有鸢头，此盖相似尔，恐非乌 者即其叶名矣。又别有射干，相似
而花白茎长，似射人之执竿者。故阮公诗云∶射干临层城。此不入药用。根亦无块，唯有其
质。唐本注云∶射干，此说者，是其鸢尾叶都似射干，而花紫碧色，不抽高茎，根似高良姜
而肉白，根即鸢头。陶说由跋都论此尔。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶射干，微寒。《图经》云
∶
肮二、三尺。花黄实黑，根多须，皮黄黑，肉黄赤。今所在皆有。二月、八月采根，去皮日
干用之。陈藏器云∶射干、鸢尾，按此二物相似，人多不分。射干，总有三物。佛经云∶
夜干
貂KT ，此是恶兽，似青黄狗，食人。郭云能缘木。又阮公诗云∶夜干临层城。此即是树。
今
之射干殊高硕者，本草射干，即人间所种为花卉，亦名凤翼。叶如鸟翅，秋生红花，赤点。
鸢尾亦人间多种，苗低下于射干，如鸢尾，春夏生紫碧花者是也。又注云∶据此犹错，夜
干花黄，根亦黄色。药性论云∶射干，使，有小毒。能治喉痹，水浆不入，能通女人月闭，
治疰气，消瘀血。日华子云∶消痰，破症结，胸膈满，腹胀，气喘， 癖，开胃下食，消肿
毒，镇肝明目。根润，亦有形似高良姜大小，赤黄色淡硬，五、六、七、八月采。
图经曰∶射（音夜）干，生南阳山谷田野，今在处有之，人家庭砌间亦多种植。春生苗，
高二
、
三尺。叶似蛮姜，而狭长横张，疏如翅羽状，故一名乌 ，谓其叶耳。叶中抽茎，似萱草而
强
硬。六月开花，黄红色，瓣上有细纹。秋结实作房，中子黑色。根多须，皮黄黑，肉黄赤。
三月三日采根，阴干。陶隐居云∶疗毒肿方多作夜干。今射亦作夜音。又云∶别有射干，相
似而花白茎长，似射人之执竿者。故阮公诗云∶射干临层城是也。此不入药用。苏恭∶射干
，此说是鸢尾，叶都似射干，而花紫碧色，不抽高茎，根似高良姜面肉白，根即鸢头也。又
按荀子云∶西方有木焉，名曰射干。茎长四寸，生于高山之上，而临百仞之渊，其茎非能长
也，所立者然也。杨 注云∶当是草，而云木，误也。今观射干之形，其茎梗疏长，正如长
竿状，得名由此耳。而陶以夜音为疑，且古字音呼固多相通，若汉官仆射主，射而亦音夜，
非
有别义也。又射干多生山崖之间，其茎虽细小，亦类木梗。故荀子名木，而苏谓陶说为鸢尾
。鸢尾花亦不白，其白者自是射干之类，非鸢尾也。鸢尾布地而生，叶扁阔于射干。苏云∶
花紫碧色，根如高良姜者是也。《本经》云∶生九嶷山谷，今在处有，大类蛮姜也。五月采
。一云∶九月、十月采根，日干。
雷公云∶凡使，先以米泔水浸一宿漉出，然后用堇竹叶煮，从午至亥，漉出日干用之。
外台
秘要∶
治喉痹。射干一片，含咽汁瘥。肘后方∶治小儿疝发时，肿痛如刺。用生射干汁取下，亦
可丸服之。
衍义曰∶射干，此乃荀子所说∶西方之木，名曰射干者也。《注》复引《本草》曰∶不
合以
射
干为木。殊不知五行只以水、火、木、金、土而言之。故儒者以草、木皆木也，金、铅皆金
也，粪、土皆土也，灰、火皆火也，水、池皆水也。由是言之，即非佛经所说火宅喻之兽，
及阮公所云∶临层城者之木。况《本经》亦曰∶一名草姜，故知是草无疑。今治肺气、喉痹
为佳。日华子曰∶大小似高良姜，赤黄色。此得之。
射干（读音同“夜”）
味苦，性平或微温，有毒。主治咳嗽气逆、喉痹咽痛、呼吸不畅，能消散结聚之气，治疗腹中邪气上逆、饮食过热引起的病症，消除心脾间的陈旧瘀血，治疗咳唾、言语气息臭秽，以及消散胸中的热气。长期服用会导致身体虚弱。又名乌扇、乌蒲、乌鸢、乌吹、草姜。生长在南阳的川谷和田野中。三月三日采集根部，阴干。
陶隐居说：这就是乌鸢的根，庭院台阁中多种植它。花色黄色，也能治疗毒肿，药方中多写作“夜干”字。现在“射”也读作“夜”音，人们说它的叶子是鸢尾，但又另有“鸢头”，这大概是相似罢了，恐怕不是乌鸢的叶子就叫这个名字。另外还有一种射干，相似但花白茎长，像射箭的人拿着竿子一样。所以阮公的诗中说：“射干临层城。”这种不入药用。根部也没有块状物，只有其质地。《唐本草》注解说：射干，这里所说的，是指鸢尾的叶子都像射干，但花呈紫碧色，不抽出高茎，根部像高良姜而肉质白色，根部就是鸢头。陶弘景的说法大概都论述的是这个吧。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本》记载：射干，性微寒。《图经》记载：高二、三尺。花黄实黑，根多须，皮黄黑，肉黄赤。现在各地都有。二月、八月采集根部，去皮后晒干使用。陈藏器说：射干和鸢尾，根据这两种植物相似，人们大多分不清。射干总共有三种。佛经中说：“夜干貂KT”，这是一种恶兽，像青黄色的狗，吃人。郭璞注说它能爬树。又阮公的诗中说：“夜干临层城。”这是指树。现在的射干特别高大的，本草中的射干，就是人间所种作为花卉的，也叫凤翼。叶子像鸟翅，秋天开红花，有赤点。鸢尾也是人间多种植的，苗比射干低矮，像鸢尾，春夏开紫碧花的就是。又注解说：据此仍然有误，夜干花黄，根也是黄色的。《药性论》说：射干，为使药，有小毒。能治疗喉痹，水浆难进，能通调妇女闭经，治疗疰气，消除瘀血。日华子说：消痰，破症结，胸膈满闷，腹胀，气喘，癖积，开胃下食，消肿毒，镇肝明目。根部润燥，也有形状像高良姜大小的，赤黄色淡且硬，五、六、七、八月采集。
《图经》说：射干（读音同“夜”），生长在南阳的山谷田野，现在到处都有，人家庭院台阶间也多种植。春天生苗，高二、三尺。叶子像蛮姜，但狭长横张，稀疏如翅膀羽毛状，所以又名乌鸢，是指它的叶子。叶中抽出茎，像萱草但更强硬。六月开花，黄红色，花瓣上有细纹。秋天结实成房，中间种子黑色。根多须，皮黄黑，肉黄赤。三月三日采集根部，阴干。陶隐居说：治疗毒肿的药方多写作“夜干”。现在“射”也读作“夜”音。又说：另外有一种射干，相似但花白茎长，像射箭的人拿着竿子。所以阮公的诗中说：“射干临层城”就是这个。这种不入药用。苏恭：射干，这里说的是鸢尾，叶子都像射干，但花呈紫碧色，不抽高茎，根部像高良姜而肉质白色，根部就是鸢头。又按荀子说：西方有树，名叫射干。茎长四寸，生于高山之上，而面临百仞深渊，它的茎并不是能长那么高，而是所处的位置让它显得高。杨倞注说：应当是草，说是树，错了。现在观察射干的形态，它的茎梗疏长，正如长竿状，因此得名。而陶弘景以“夜”音为疑，况且古字音呼本来多有相通，比如汉官仆射主事，“射”也读作“夜”，并没有别的含义。另外射干多生长在山崖之间，它的茎虽然细小，也像木梗。所以荀子称它为木，而苏恭认为陶弘景的说法是鸢尾。鸢尾的花也不白，白色的自然是射干之类，不是鸢尾。鸢尾贴地而生，叶子比射干扁阔。苏恭说：花紫碧色，根像高良姜的就是。《本经》说：生长在九嶷山谷，现在到处都有，大类像蛮姜。五月采集。一说：九月、十月采集根部，晒干。
雷公说：凡是使用，先用米泔水浸泡一夜，捞出，然后用堇竹叶煮，从午时到亥时，捞出晒干使用。
《外台秘要》：治疗喉痹。射干一片，含服咽汁即愈。《肘后方》：治疗小儿疝气发作时，肿痛如针刺。用生射干汁取下，也可以制成丸剂服用。
《衍义》说：射干，这就是荀子所说的：西方的树，名叫射干。《注》又引用《本草》说：不应该把射干当作树。殊不知五行只以水、火、木、金、土来说。所以儒者认为草、木都是木，金、铅都是金，粪、土都是土，灰、火都是火，水、池都是水。由此说来，就不是佛经所说的火宅喻之兽，以及阮公所云：面临层城的树。况且《本经》也说：一名草姜，所以知道它是草无疑。现在治疗肺气、喉痹效果最佳。日华子说：大小像高良姜，赤黄色。这个说法是对的。
Shegan (Pinyin: Shègān, pronounced like "Ye")
Bitter in flavor, neutral or slightly warm in nature, and toxic. It primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi (coughing with upward rushing of Qi), throat obstruction (throat bi) with pain, and inability to breathe freely; it dissipates stagnant Qi, treats rebellious evil Qi in the abdomen, and conditions caused by excessive heat from food and drink; it resolves old blood stasis between the Heart and Spleen, treats expectoration and foul breath odor, and dissipates hot Qi in the chest. Long-term use causes deficiency. Also known as Wushan (Black Fan), Wupu (Black Cattail), Wu Yuan (Black Iris), Wuchui (Black Blower), and Caojiang (Grass Ginger). It grows in valleys and fields of Nanyang. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
Tao Hongjing stated: This is the root of Wu Yuan (Iris tectorum), which is widely planted in courtyards and terraces. The flowers are yellow, and it also treats toxic swellings; prescriptions often write the character as "Yegan" (Night Dry). Currently, "She" is also pronounced as "Ye". People say its leaves are those of Iris (Yuānwěi), yet there is another called "Yuantou" (Iris Head); this is likely due to similarity, and it is doubtful that the leaves of Wu Yuan are named thus. Additionally, there is another type of Shegan that is similar but has white flowers and long stems, resembling an archer holding a pole. Hence, Ruan Gong's poem says: "Shegan overlooks the layered city." This type is not used for medicinal purposes. Its root lacks tubers and consists only of fibrous texture. The commentary in *Xinxiu Bencao* (Newly Revised Materia Medica) states: Regarding Shegan, what is described here refers to Iris leaves, which resemble Shegan, but have purple-blue flowers and do not produce tall stems; the root resembles Galangal but is white inside, and the root is indeed the Iris head. Tao's comments likely discussed this variety. Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to the *Shu Ben* edition: Shegan is slightly cold in nature. The *Tu Jing* (Illustrated Canon) records: It grows two or three chi high. Flowers are yellow, fruits are black, roots have many fibers, skin is yellow-black, flesh is yellow-red. It is found everywhere today. Roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months, peeled, and sun-dried for use. Chen Cangqi stated: Shegan and Iris are similar, and people often fail to distinguish them. There are generally three types of Shegan. Buddhist scriptures mention: "Yegan Diao KT," referring to a vicious beast resembling a greenish-yellow dog that eats humans. Guo Pu's annotation says it can climb trees. Again, Ruan Gong's poem mentions: "Yegan overlooks the layered city," referring to a tree. The currently very tall Shegan referred to in herbal texts corresponds to the species cultivated as ornamental flowers in human dwellings, also named Fengyi (Phoenix Wing). Leaves resemble bird wings, blooming with red flowers with crimson spots in autumn. Iris is also widely cultivated; its seedlings are lower than Shegan, and those blooming with purple-blue flowers in spring and summer are Iris. Another annotation states: Based on this, there is still confusion; Yegan has yellow flowers and yellow roots. *Yaoxing Lun* (Discourse on Medicinal Properties) states: Shegan, when used as an assistant drug, has slight toxicity. It can treat throat obstruction where fluids cannot be swallowed, regulate amenorrhea in women, treat Zhu Qi (anchoring Qi disease), and resolve blood stasis. Ri Huazi stated: It resolves phlegm, breaks up masses, relieves chest and diaphragm fullness, abdominal distension, asthma, and accumulation disorders; it opens the stomach and promotes digestion, reduces swelling and toxins, and calms the Liver and brightens the eyes. The root is moistening; some resemble Galangal in size, are pale reddish-yellow and hard, harvested in the fifth through seventh lunar months.
The *Tu Jing* states: Shegan (pronounced "Ye"), originally growing in valleys and fields of Nanyang, is now found everywhere, and is also widely planted in household courtyards. Seedlings emerge in spring, growing two to three chi high. Leaves resemble Man Jiang (likely Zingiber officinale or similar ginger), but are narrow, long, spreading horizontally, sparse like wing feathers, hence the name Wu Yuan, referring to its leaves. Stems emerge from the leaves, resembling Daylily but stiffer. Flowers bloom in June, yellow-red with fine veins on petals. Fruits form capsules in autumn containing black seeds. Roots have many fibers, skin is yellow-black, flesh is yellow-red. Roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade. Tao Hongjing stated: Prescriptions for treating toxic swellings often write "Yegan". Currently, "She" is also pronounced "Ye". He also said: There is another Shegan, similar but with white flowers and long stems, resembling an archer holding a pole. Thus, Ruan Gong's poem "Shegan overlooks the layered city" refers to this. This type is not used medicinally. Su Gong: The description of Shegan here refers to Iris, whose leaves resemble Shegan, but have purple-blue flowers and no tall stems; the root resembles Galangal but is white inside, and is the Iris head. Furthermore, citing Xunzi: In the west, there is a plant named Shegan. Its stem is four cun long, growing atop high mountains overlooking abysses hundreds of ren deep. Its stem is not inherently that long, but its position makes it appear so. Yang Jiang's annotation states: It should be a herb, calling it a tree is an error. Observing the current Shegan, its stem is slender and long, exactly like a long pole, which is how it got its name. Tao's doubt regarding the pronunciation "Ye" is unnecessary, as ancient pronunciations often overlapped; for instance, in the Han official title "Pushé" (Assistant Director), "She" is also pronounced "Ye", without different meaning. Additionally, Shegan often grows among cliffs; although its stem is thin, it resembles woody stems. Hence Xunzi called it a tree, while Su Gong considered Tao's identification as Iris incorrect. Iris flowers are not white; the white-flowered ones belong to the Shegan category, not Iris. Iris grows flat on the ground, with broader, flatter leaves than Shegan. Su Gong stated: Those with purple-blue flowers and roots resembling Galangal are correct. The *Ben Jing* (Classic of Materia Medica) states: Grows in valleys of Jiuyi Mountain; now found everywhere, resembling Man Jiang. Harvested in May. Alternatively, roots are harvested in September and October and sun-dried.
Lei Gong stated: For preparation, first soak in rice washing water overnight, drain, then decoct with Jin Zhu Ye (Asparagus leaf) from Wu hour (11 AM-1 PM) to Hai hour (9 PM-11 PM), drain, and sun-dry for use.
*Waitai Miyao* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies): Treats throat obstruction. Hold one slice of Shegan in the mouth and swallow the juice until cured. *Zhouhou Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies): Treats pediatric hernia attacks characterized by swelling and pain like needle pricks. Use fresh Shegan juice to expel the pathogen, or prepare as pills for administration.
*Yanyi* (Expanded Meaning) states: Shegan is the plant mentioned by Xunzi: the western tree named Shegan. The annotation cites the *Bencao* saying it is inappropriate to classify Shegan as a tree. However, the Five Elements are defined strictly as Water, Fire, Wood, Metal, and Earth. Thus, Confucian scholars consider grass and wood both as Wood, gold and lead as Metal, manure and earth as Earth, ash and fire as Fire, and water and pools as Water. Therefore, it is neither the beast in the Buddhist parable of the burning house nor the tree mentioned by Ruan Gong overlooking the city. Moreover, the *Ben Jing* also states it is named Caojiang (Grass Ginger), confirming it is undoubtedly a herb. It is currently best for treating Lung Qi issues and throat obstruction. Ri Huazi stated: It is similar in size to Galangal, reddish-yellow. This description is accurate.