\r枇杷叶\pd492.bmp\r
味苦，平，无毒。主卒 不止，下气。
陶隐居云∶其叶不暇煮，但嚼食亦瘥。人以作饮，则小冷。唐本注云∶用叶须火炙，布
拭去
毛，不尔射人肺，令咳不已。又主咳逆，不下食。今注实，味甘，寒，无毒。多食发痰热。
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶树高丈余，叶大如驴耳，背有黄毛。子 生如小李，黄色，味
甘、酸。核大如小栗，皮肉薄。冬花春实，四月、五月熟，凌冬不凋。生江南、山南，今处
处
有。孟诜云∶枇杷，温。利五脏，久食亦发热黄。子，食之润肺，热上焦。若和热炙肉及热
面食之，令人患热毒黄病。药性论云∶枇杷叶，使，味甘。能主胃气冷，呕哕不止。日华子
云∶枇杷子，平，无毒。治肺气，润五脏，下气，止吐逆并渴疾。又云∶叶疗妇人产后口干
。
图经曰∶枇杷叶，旧不着所出州郡，今襄、汉、吴、蜀、闽岭皆有之。木高丈余，叶作
驴耳
形，皆有毛。其木阴密婆娑可爱，四时不凋。盛冬开白花，至三、四月而成实。故谢瞻《枇
杷
赋》云∶禀金秋之青条，抱东阳之和气，肇寒葩之结霜，成炎果乎纤露，是也。其实作 如
黄梅，皮肉甚薄，味甘，中核如小栗。四月采叶曝干，治肺气，主渴疾。用时须火炙，布拭
去上黄毛。去之难尽，当用粟杆作刷刷之乃尽。人以作饮，则小冷。其木白皮，止吐逆，不
下食。
雷公云∶凡使，采得后秤，湿者一叶重一两，干者三叶重一两者是，气足堪用。使粗布
拭上
毛令尽，用甘草汤洗一遍，却用绵再拭，令干。每一两以酥一分炙之，酥尽为度。食疗卒呕
不止，不欲食。又，煮汁饮之，止渴。偏理肺及肺风疮、胸面上疮。孙真人咳嗽，以叶去毛
煎汤服之。
衍义曰∶枇杷叶，江东、西，湖南、北，二川皆有之。以其形如枇杷，故名之。治肺热
嗽有
功。花白，最先春也。子大如弹丸，四、五月熟，色若黄杏，微有毛，肉薄，性亦平，与叶
不
同。有妇人患肺热，久嗽，身如炙，肌瘦将成肺痨。以枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁
、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半，各如常制。治讫，同为末，蜜丸如樱桃大。食后、夜卧，各含
化一丸，未终一剂而愈。
陶隐居说：枇杷叶来不及煮，直接咀嚼食用也能痊愈。人们用它制作饮品，则性质稍偏寒凉。《唐本草》注解说：使用叶片必须用火炙烤，用布擦拭去除绒毛，否则绒毛会射入人的肺部，导致咳嗽不止。此外还能治疗咳逆、食欲不振。现在的注释认为其味甘，性寒，无毒。多吃会引发痰热。
臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：树高一丈多，叶子大如驴耳，背面有黄色绒毛。果实初生时像小李子，黄色，味道甘甜、酸涩。果核大如小栗子，皮肉很薄。冬天开花春天结果，四月、五月成熟，越冬不凋谢。产于江南、山南地区，现在到处都有。孟诜说：枇杷性温。能利五脏，长期食用也会引起发热发黄。果实食用能润肺，清上焦之热。如果和热烤肉及热面食一起吃，会让人患上热毒黄病。《药性论》说：枇杷叶为使者（引经药），味甘。能主治胃气寒冷，呕吐不止。日华子说：枇杷子性平，无毒。治疗肺气问题，滋润五脏，降气，止吐逆并治疗口渴疾病。又说：叶片治疗妇人产后口干。
《图经》说：枇杷叶，旧籍未注明出产州郡，现在襄、汉、吴、蜀、闽岭等地都有。树木高一丈多，叶子呈驴耳形，都有绒毛。其树枝叶茂密婆娑可爱，四季不凋谢。深冬开白花，到三、四月结成果实。所以谢瞻在《枇杷赋》中说：“禀受金秋的青枝，怀抱东阳的和气，萌发寒花凝结霜雪，长成炎果沐浴露水”，说的就是它。果实形状像黄梅，皮肉很薄，味甘，中间的核像小栗子。四月采集叶片晒干，治疗肺气，主治口渴疾病。使用时必须用火炙烤，用布擦拭去除上面的黄毛。难以完全去除，应当用粟秆做的刷子刷洗才能干净。人们用它制作饮品，则性质稍偏寒凉。其树的白皮，能止吐逆，改善食欲不振。
雷公说：凡是用药，采得后称重，湿的一叶重一两，干燥的三叶重一两的才是，气足可以使用。用粗布擦拭上面的毛使其干净，用甘草汤清洗一遍，再用绵布擦拭，使其干燥。每一两药材用一分酥油炙烤，酥油用完为止。食疗用于突然呕吐不止，不想吃东西。另外，煮汁饮用，能止渴。特别适宜调理肺及肺风疮、胸面部疮疡。孙真人治咳嗽，用去毛的叶片煎汤服用。
《衍义》说：枇杷叶，江东、江西，湖南、湖北，二川等地都有。因为其形状像枇杷，所以得名。治疗肺热咳嗽有功。花白色，是最早开放的春花。果实大如弹丸，四、五月成熟，颜色像黄杏，微有绒毛，肉薄，性质也平，与叶片不同。有一位妇人患肺热，久咳，身体像被火烤一样，肌肉消瘦即将形成肺痨。用枇杷叶、木通、款冬花、紫菀、杏仁、桑白皮各等分，大黄减半，各按常规方法炮制。处理后，共同研为细末，蜂蜜炼丸如樱桃大小。饭后、睡前，各含化一丸，未服完一剂就痊愈了。
Pipaye (Folium Eriobotryae)
Bitter, neutral, non-toxic. Primarily treats sudden persistent vomiting and directs Qi downward.
Tao Hongjing stated: The leaves are not worth boiling; chewing them directly can also cure the condition. When people use them to make drinks, they become slightly cold in nature. The *Tang Bencao* annotation notes: Leaves must be roasted over fire and brushed with cloth to remove the hairs; otherwise, the hairs will penetrate the lungs, causing incessant coughing. It also treats coughing against the flow of Qi (ke ni), loss of appetite. Current annotations state it is sweet, cold, and non-toxic. Excessive consumption induces phlegm-heat.
Min Yuxi and others, according to the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*, recorded: The tree grows over one zhang high, with leaves as large as a donkey's ear, covered with yellow hairs on the back. The young fruit resembles a small plum, yellow, with a sweet and sour taste. The pit is as large as a small chestnut, with thin skin and flesh. It flowers in winter and fruits in spring, ripening in April and May, remaining evergreen through winter. It grows in Jiangnan and Shannan regions and is now found everywhere. Meng Shen stated: Pipa (the fruit) is warm. It benefits the five Zang organs, but long-term consumption may cause heat-induced jaundice. The seeds moisten the lungs and clear heat from the upper Jiao. If consumed with hot roasted meat or hot wheat-based foods, it may cause heat-toxin jaundice. The *Yao Xing Lun* states: Pipaye acts as an envoy (shi), is sweet, and primarily treats cold stomach Qi and persistent vomiting. Ri Huazi stated: Pipa seeds are neutral and non-toxic. They treat lung Qi issues, moisten the five Zang organs, direct Qi downward, stop vomiting and reflux, and treat thirst. He further noted that the leaves treat dry mouth in women after childbirth.
The *Tu Jing* stated: Pipaye was not previously listed with specific provinces of origin; currently, it is found in Xiang, Han, Wu, Shu, and Minling regions. The tree is over one zhang high, with leaves shaped like donkey ears, all hairy. Its branches are dense and graceful, evergreen throughout the four seasons. It blooms white flowers in deep winter and bears fruit by March and April. Thus, Xie Zhan wrote in his "Ode to Pipa": "Endowed with green branches of late autumn, embracing the harmonious Qi of the east, initiating frost-bound cold blossoms, maturing into fiery fruits amidst fine dew." This refers to it. The fruit resembles a yellow plum, with very thin skin and flesh, sweet in taste, and a central pit like a small chestnut. Leaves are harvested in April and dried in the sun; they treat lung Qi and main thirst. When used, they must be roasted over fire and brushed with cloth to remove the yellow hairs. Since these are difficult to remove completely, one should use a brush made of millet stalks to scrub them clean. When used for drinks, they become slightly cold. The white bark of the tree stops vomiting and improves loss of appetite.
Lei Gong stated: In processing, weigh after harvesting. One wet leaf weighing one liang, or three dry leaves weighing one liang, indicates sufficient Qi for use. Brush off the hairs with coarse cloth until clean, wash once with Licorice Decoction (Gancao Tang), then wipe with cotton cloth until dry. For every one liang of material, roast with one fen of su (clarified butter/ghee) until the su is exhausted. Dietary therapy uses it for sudden persistent vomiting and lack of desire to eat. Additionally, boiling the juice and drinking it stops thirst. It is particularly effective for regulating the lungs, lung wind sores, and sores on the chest and face. Sun Simiao treated cough by decocting the de-haired leaves and taking the soup orally.
The *Yanyi* stated: Pipaye is found in Jiangdong, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, and the Two Chuan regions. It is named after its shape resembling the pipa (loquat). It is effective in treating lung-heat cough. The flowers are white and among the earliest spring blooms. The fruit is as large as a pellet, ripening in April and May, colored like a yellow apricot, slightly hairy, with thin flesh, and a neutral nature, differing from the leaves. A woman suffered from lung-heat and chronic cough, her body feeling as if scorched by fire, muscles emaciated, approaching pulmonary tuberculosis (fei lao). She was prescribed Pipaye, Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Kuandonghua (Flos Farfarae), Ziwan (Radix Asteris), Xingren (Semen Armeniacae Amarum), and Sangbaipi (Cortex Mori) in equal parts, with Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) halved. Each herb was processed conventionally. After processing, they were ground into fine powder and formed into pills with honey, sized like cherries. Taken by holding one pill in the mouth to dissolve slowly after meals and before sleep, she recovered before finishing one dose.