\r林檎\pd499.bmp\r
味酸、甘，温。不可多食，发热涩气，令人好睡，发冷痰，生疮疖，脉闭不行。其树
似柰树，其形圆如柰。六月、七月熟，今在处有之。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按孟诜云∶林檎，主止消渴。陈士良云∶此有三种，大长者为柰；圆者林檎，
夏熟；小者味涩为 ，秋熟。日华子云∶林檎无毒，下气，治霍乱肚痛，消痰。
图经曰∶林檎，旧不着所出州土，今在处有之。或谓之来禽，木似柰，实比柰差圆，六、
七
月熟。亦有甘、酢二种。甘者早熟，而味脆美；酢者差晚，须熟烂乃堪啖。病消渴者，宜食
之
生冷痰，今俗间医人亦干之。入治伤寒药，谓之林檎散。
食疗云∶温。主谷痢、泄精。东行根治白虫、蛔虫。消渴，好睡，不可多食。又，林檎
味苦
、涩，平，无毒。食之闭百脉。食医心镜∶治水痢。以十枚半熟者，以水一升，煎取一升，
和林檎，空心食。子母秘录∶治小儿痢。林檎、构子杵取汁服，以意多与服之，瘥。又方∶
羸瘦。杵林檎末，以和醋敷上，癖和移处，就敷之。
\r李核仁\pd500.bmp\r
味苦，平，无毒。主僵仆跻瘀血，骨痛。
根皮 大寒，主消渴，止心烦，逆奔气。
实 味苦，除痼热，调中。
陶隐居云∶李类又多，京口有麦李，麦秀时熟，小而甜脆，核不入药。今此用姑熟所出
南居
李，解核如杏子者为佳。凡实熟食之皆好，不可合雀肉食；又不可临水上啖之。李皮水煎含
之，疗齿痛佳。今按别本注云∶李类甚多，有绿李、黄李、紫李、朱李、水李，并堪食。
味极甘美，其中仁不入药用。有野李，味苦，名郁李子，核仁入药用之。臣禹锡等谨按尔雅
李。驳，赤李。释曰∶李之无实者名休。郭云∶一名赵李。痤，接
与麦同熟，因名云。李之子
赤者名驳。药性论云∶李核仁，臣。治
女子小腹肿满。主 折骨疼肉伤，利小肠，下水气，除肿满。又云李根皮，使。苦李者入用
，味咸。治脚下气，主热毒烦躁。根煮汁，止消渴。孟诜云∶李，主女人卒赤白下，取李树
东面皮，去皴皮，炙令黄香，以水三升，煮汁去滓服之。日再验。谨按生子亦去骨节间
劳热，不可多食。临水食令人发痰疟。又牛李，有毒。煮汁使浓含之。治 齿，脊骨有疳虫，
盏。其子中仁，主鼓胀。研和面作饼子，空腹食之，少顷当泻矣。
日华子李，温，无毒。益气，多食令人虚热。又云李树根，凉，无毒。主赤白痢，浓煎服。
华，平，无毒。治小儿壮热， 疾，惊痫，作浴汤。
图经曰∶李核仁，旧不着所出州土，今处处有之。李之类甚多，见《尔雅》者有∶休，
无实
李。李之无实者，一名赵李。痤（祖和切），接虑李，即今之麦李，细实有沟道，与麦同熟，
故
者是也。又有青李、绿李、赤李、房陵李、朱仲李、马肝李、黄李
，散见书传。美其味之可食。陶隐居云∶皆不入药用。用姑熟所出南居李，解核如杏子者为
佳。今不复识此，医家但用核若杏子形者。根皮亦入药用。崔元亮《海上方》治面 黑子
，取李核中仁，去皮细研，以鸡子白和如稀饧涂，至晚每以淡浆洗之后涂胡粉，不过五、六
日
孙真人肝病宜食。食医心镜∶李，味酸，无毒。主除固热调中。黄帝云∶李不可和蜜食，
食
之损五脏。
衍义曰∶李核仁，其窠大者高及丈，今医家少用。实合浆水食，令人霍乱，涩气。而然
今畿
小窑镇一种最佳，堪入贡。又有御李，子如樱桃许大，红黄色，先诸李熟。此李品甚多，然
天
夫盛德及天下者，如桃李无处不芬芳也。别本注云∶有野李，味苦
，名郁李子，核仁入药。此自是郁李仁，别是一种，在木部中第十四卷，非野李也。
味道酸、甘，性温。不可多吃，否则会引起发热、气机涩滞，使人容易嗜睡，诱发冷痰，导致疮疖，使脉道闭塞不通。它的树形像柰树，果实形状圆得像柰。六月、七月成熟，现在各地都有种植。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按孟诜所说：林檎，主要功效是止消渴。陈士良说：这种水果有三种，长条形大的是柰；圆形的是林檎，夏季成熟；小且味涩的是（此处原文缺字或指代另一种），秋季成熟。日华子说：林檎无毒，能下气，治疗霍乱引起的腹痛，消除痰饮。
《图经本草》说：林檎，旧籍未记载其出产的州土，现在各地都有。有人叫它来禽，树木像柰，果实比柰更圆，六、七月成熟。也有甜、酸两种。甜的早熟，味道脆美；酸的稍晚熟，必须熟透软烂才能吃。患消渴病的人，适宜食用。生冷痰，现在民间医生也将其晒干。用于制作治疗伤寒的药物，称为林檎散。
《食疗本草》说：性温。主治谷痢、泄精。向东生长的根部可治白虫、蛔虫。消渴，易嗜睡，不可多吃。另外，林檎味苦、涩，性平，无毒。食用后会闭塞百脉。《食医心镜》：治疗水痢。用十个半熟的林檎，加水一升，煎取一升汁，调和林檎粉，空腹服用。《子母秘录》：治疗小儿痢疾。将林檎和构子捣取汁液服用，酌情多服，病愈。又一方：治疗身体消瘦羸弱。将林檎研成末，与醋调和敷在患处，若癖块移动位置，就随位置敷药。
陶隐居说：李子种类很多，京口有麦李，麦子秀穗时成熟，果实小而甜脆，果核不入药。现在使用的是姑熟产出的南居李，果核解开像杏子大小的为佳。凡是果实煮熟了吃都好，不可与雀肉同食；也不可在临水处吃。李树皮用水煎煮含漱，治疗牙痛效果很好。现在参考其他版本的注释说：李子类很多，有绿李、黄李、紫李、朱李、水李，都可以吃。味道极甘美，其中果仁不入药用。有野李，味道苦，名叫郁李子，核仁入药使用。臣禹锡等人谨按《尔雅》解释李。驳，是赤李。解释说：不结果实的李树名叫休。郭璞说：一名赵李。痤（音祖和切），嫁接于麦李，即现在的麦李，果实细小有沟槽，与麦子同时成熟，所以得名。李中红色的名叫驳。《药性论》说：李核仁，为臣药。治疗女子小腹肿胀满闷。主治跌折骨疼肉伤，通利小肠，下行水气，消除肿胀满闷。又说李根皮，为使药。苦李者入用，味咸。治疗脚部气滞，主治热毒烦躁。根煮汁，止消渴。孟诜说：李，主治妇女突然患赤白痢疾，取李树东面的树皮，去掉粗糙外皮，烤至发黄香气，用水三升，煮汁去渣服用。每日两次验证。谨按生子也能去除骨节间的劳热，不可多吃。临水吃会使人发痰疟。另外牛李，有毒。煮浓汁含漱。治疗龋齿，脊骨有疳虫，盏。其子中的仁，主治鼓胀。研碎和面做成饼，空腹吃，不久应当腹泻。
日华子说：李，性温，无毒。益气，多吃使人产生虚热。又说李树根，性凉，无毒。主治赤白痢，浓煎服用。李花，性平，无毒。治疗小儿壮热，痘疾，惊痫，作为洗浴汤剂。
《图经本草》说：李核仁，旧籍未记载其出产的州土，现在到处都有。李子类很多，见于《尔雅》的有：休，是不结果实的李。李中不结果的，一名赵李。痤（祖和切），接虑李，即现在的麦李，果实细小有沟道，与麦子同时成熟，所以是这种。又有青李、绿李、赤李、房陵李、朱仲李、马肝李、黄李，散见于书传。赞美其味道可食。陶隐居说：都不入药用。使用姑熟产出的南居李，果核解开像杏子大小的为佳。现在不再认识这些，医家只用核若杏子形状的。根皮也入药用。崔元亮《海上方》治疗面部黑痣，取李核中的仁，去皮细研，用鸡蛋清调和如稀饴糖涂抹，到晚上每次用淡浆水洗后涂胡粉，不过五、六日……
孙真人认为肝病适宜食用李。《食医心镜》：李，味酸，无毒。主治清除固热，调和脾胃。黄帝说：李不可与蜜同食，吃了损伤五脏。
《衍义》说：李核仁，其树高大者高达一丈，现在医家少用。果实合浆水吃，令人霍乱，气机涩滞。然而现在京城附近小窑镇一种最佳，可以进贡。又有御李，果实像樱桃大小，红黄色，比其他李先熟。这种李品种很多，然而天生具有盛德及天下者，如桃李无处不芬芳也。别本注说：有野李，味道苦，名叫郁李子，核仁入药。这自然是郁李仁，是另一种，在木部第十四卷，不是野李。
Lin Qin (Chinese Quince)
Taste: Sour, sweet. Nature: Warm. Do not consume in excess, as it may cause fever, qi stagnation, excessive sleepiness, generation of cold phlegm, sores and boils, and obstruction of the pulse. The tree resembles the Nai tree (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta), and the fruit is round like a Nai. It ripens in June and July and is now available everywhere. (Supplementary note)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite Meng Shen: Lin Qin primarily treats polydipsia (excessive thirst). Chen Shiliang states: There are three types; the large, elongated ones are Nai; the round ones are Lin Qin, ripening in summer; the small, astringent ones ripen in autumn. Ri Huazi states: Lin Qin is non-toxic, directs qi downward, treats abdominal pain caused by cholera-like disorder (Huoluan), and resolves phlegm.
"Tujing" (Illustrated Classic) states: Lin Qin's origin province was not recorded in older texts, but it is now found everywhere. Some call it Laiqin. The wood resembles Nai, and the fruit is rounder than Nai, ripening in the sixth and seventh months. There are two varieties: sweet and sour. The sweet variety ripens early and has a crisp, delicious taste; the sour variety ripens later and must be soft and fully ripe to be eaten. Those suffering from polydipsia should eat it. It generates cold phlegm. Modern folk physicians also dry it. It is used in preparations for treating Cold Damage diseases, known as Lin Qin San (Quince Powder).
"Shiliao" (Dietary Therapy) states: Nature is warm. It treats grain dysentery and seminal emission. The root growing eastward treats white worms and roundworms. For polydipsia and lethargy, do not eat too much. Additionally, Lin Qin tastes bitter and astringent, nature is neutral, and it is non-toxic. Eating it obstructs the hundred vessels. "Shiyi Xinjing": Treats water dysentery. Take ten semi-ripe Lin Qin fruits, add one sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng of liquid, mix with Lin Qin powder, and eat on an empty stomach. "Zimu Milu": Treats pediatric dysentery. Crush Lin Qin and Gouzi (Lycium fruit) to extract juice and take it, administering more as appropriate until recovery. Another prescription: For emaciation. Crush Lin Qin into powder, mix with vinegar, and apply to the affected area. If the mass moves, reapply accordingly.
Li Heren (Apricot Kernel from Plum)
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. Treats blood stasis resulting from falls and trauma, and bone pain.
Root bark: Nature is very cold. Treats polydipsia, relieves mental restlessness, and directs rebellious qi downward.
Fruit: Taste is bitter. Clears stubborn heat, harmonizes the middle jiao.
Tao Hongjing states: There are many varieties of plum. In Jingkou, there is Mai Li (Wheat Plum), which ripens when wheat ears appear; the fruit is small, sweet, and crisp, and its pit is not used in medicine. Currently, we use Nanju Li from Gushu, where pits that separate like apricot kernels are considered best. All fruits are good when cooked, but they should not be eaten with sparrow meat, nor should one eat them while near water. Decoction of plum bark held in the mouth is excellent for toothache. According to other editions' notes: There are many plum varieties, including green, yellow, purple, red, and water plums, all edible. They are extremely sweet and delicious, but their kernels are not used in medicine. Wild plums are bitter, named Yuzi Li, and their kernels are used medicinally. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite "Erya": Bo is red plum. Explanation: A plum tree that bears no fruit is called Xiu. Guo Pu says: Also known as Zhao Li. Cuo (pronounced Zuhe), grafted onto Wheat Plum, is the current Mai Li, with small fruits having grooves, ripening with wheat, hence the name. Red plums are called Bo. "Yaoxing Lun" states: Li Heren is a minister herb. It treats swelling and fullness in the lower abdomen of women. It treats pain from fractures and muscle injuries, promotes urination to reduce water retention, and eliminates swelling and fullness. It also states: Li root bark is an envoy herb. Bitter plums are used, tasting salty. It treats qi stagnation in the feet and heat-toxin irritability. Root decoction stops polydipsia. Meng Shen states: Plums treat sudden red or white leukorrhea in women. Take the bark from the east side of the plum tree, remove the rough outer layer, roast until yellow and fragrant, decoct in three sheng of water, strain, and drink. Verify twice daily. Respectfully note: It can also remove labor-heat between joints. Do not eat too much. Eating near water induces phlegmatic malaria. Additionally, Niu Li is toxic. Boil the juice thick and hold in the mouth. Treats dental caries and noma (gangrenous stomatitis) in the spine. The kernel inside the seed treats tympanites (abdominal distension). Grind and mix with flour to make cakes, eat on an empty stomach, and diarrhea will follow shortly.
Ri Huazi states: Plum is warm and non-toxic. It benefits qi, but excessive consumption causes deficient heat. Also, plum tree root is cool and non-toxic. It treats red and white dysentery; decoct strongly and drink. Plum flower is neutral and non-toxic. It treats high fever in children, smallpox/measles, convulsions, and epilepsy; used as a bathing decoction.
"Tujing" states: Li Heren's origin province was not recorded in older texts, but it is now found everywhere. Plum varieties are numerous. Those seen in "Erya" include: Xiu, which is the fruitless plum. Fruitless plums are also called Zhao Li. Cuo (Zuhe), Jielv Li, is the current Mai Li, with small grooved fruits ripening with wheat. There are also green, yellow, red, Fangling, Zhuzhong, Magan, and Huang plums, scattered in various texts, praised for their edible taste. Tao Hongjing states: None are used in medicine. Use Nanju Li from Gushu, where pits resemble apricot kernels. These are no longer recognized; physicians only use kernels resembling apricot shapes. Root bark is also used medicinally. Cui Yuanliang's "Haishang Fang" treats facial black moles: Take the kernel from the plum pit, peel, grind finely, mix with egg white to a thin syrup consistency, apply at night, wash with weak broth, then apply lead powder. Within five to six days...
Sun Simiao states liver disease patients should eat plums. "Shiyi Xinjing": Plum tastes sour, is non-toxic. It clears entrenched heat and harmonizes the middle. The Yellow Emperor states: Plums should not be eaten with honey, as it damages the five zang organs.
"Yanyi" states: Li Heren trees can grow up to one zhang high, but are rarely used by modern physicians. Eating fruit with Jiangshui (fermented grain liquid) causes cholera-like disorder and qi stagnation. However, the variety from Xiaoyao Town near the capital is the best and suitable for tribute. There is also Imperial Plum, with fruits cherry-sized, red-yellow, ripening before other plums. Although there are many varieties, those with great virtue fragrance everywhere like peach and plum blossoms. Other edition notes state: Wild plums are bitter, named Yuzi Li, and kernels are used. This is actually Yuzi Ren (Prunus davidiana kernel), a different species, found in Volume 14 of the Wood section, not wild plum.