\r柳华\pd356.bmp\r
味苦，寒，无毒。主风水黄胆，面热黑，痂疥恶疮，金疮。一名柳絮。
叶 主马疥痂疮。取煎煮以洗马疥，立愈。又疗心腹内血，止痛。
实 主溃痈，逐脓血。
子汁 疗渴。生琅邪川泽。
陶隐居云∶柳，即今水杨柳也。花熟，随风状如飞雪。陈元方∶以为譬，当用其未舒时。
子亦随花飞，正应水渍汁
尔。柳花亦宜贴灸疮。皮、叶疗漆疮。唐本注云∶柳与水杨，全不相似。水杨叶圆阔而赤，
枝条短硬；柳叶狭长，青绿，
枝条长软。此论用柳，不载水杨。水杨亦有疗能，本草不录。树枝及木中虫屑。枝皮味苦，
寒，无毒。主痰热淋，可为
吐汤。煮洗风肿痒。酒煮含，主齿痛。木中虫屑可为浴汤，主风瘙痒、瘾疹。大效。此人间
柳树是也。
陶云水杨非也。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶苦柳华，使。主止血，治湿痹，四肢挛急，膝
痛。陈藏器云∶柳絮，《本经》
以絮为花，花即初发时黄蕊。子为飞絮，以絮为花，其误甚矣。江东人通名杨柳，北人都不
言杨。杨树叶短，柳树枝长。
日华子云∶叶治天行热病，疔疮，传尸骨蒸劳，汤火疮，毒入腹热闷，服金石药人发大热闷，
并下水气。煎膏，续筋骨，
长肉止痛。牙痛煎含，枝煎汁可消食也。
图经曰∶柳华、叶、实，生琅邪川泽，今处处有之，俗所谓杨柳者也。《本经》以絮为
华。陈藏器云∶华即初发黄蕊
也，子乃飞絮也。采无时。其枝皮及根亦入药。葛洪治痈疽肿毒，妒乳等多用之。韦宙《独
行方》主疔疮及反花疮，并
煎柳枝，叶作膏涂之。今人作浴汤、膏
今人谓柳为杨柳，非也。《说
文》∶杨，
蒲柳也；柳，小杨也。其类非一。蒲柳其枝劲韧，可为箭 。《左传》所谓董泽之蒲，又
谓之 符，即上条水杨是也。今河北沙地多生此，又生水旁，叶粗而白，木理微赤，白杞柳。
《郑诗》云∶无伐我树杞。陆机云∶杞，柳也，其木人以为车毂，共山淇水旁，鱼国汶水旁
，纯生杞也。又，《孟子》云∶告子曰∶以人性为仁义，犹以杞柳为 是也。今人取其细
条，火逼令柔韧，屈作箱箧，
河朔尤多。又下有赤柽木，生河西沙地。皮赤叶细，即是今所谓柽柳者，又名春柳。《尔雅》
曰∶柽，河柳。郭璞云∶今
河旁赤茎小杨。陆机《诗疏》云∶皮正赤如绛，一名雨师。枝、叶似松是也。其木中脂，一
名柽乳。医方∶稀用，故附
于此。
陈藏器云∶絮主止血，治小儿一日、五日寒热，煎柳枝浴。外台秘要∶治黄胆。柳枝以
水一
斗，煮取浓汁半升，服令尽。肘后方∶治乳痈，二、三日种痛不瘥，但坚紫色者。用煎柳根
皮法云，熬令温熨肿，一宿
愈。又方∶汤火灼成疮。柳皮烧灰，以粉涂之。又方∶取柳白皮细切，以猪脂煎取汁，敷之。
孙真人∶治牙齿疼。柳枝一握，细锉，入少盐花，浆水煎，含之甚妙。
集验方∶治肿。柳枝如脚指大，长三尺，二十枚，水煮令极热，以故布裹肿处，取汤热
洗之，即瘥。子母秘录∶小
儿丹烦。柳叶一斤，水一斗，煮取三升，去滓，拓洗赤处，日七、八度。斗
有脓不出，及痈已结聚。柳
根细切熟槌，封之以帛掩，燥即易之。又方∶治耳卒风毒肿起。用柳蠹树上虫粪，以水化，
取清水调白矾少许，滴入耳
中，甚妙。又方∶治卒风毒肿，气急痛。以柳白皮一斤，锉，以酒煮令热，帛裹熨肿上，冷
再煮易之，甚妙也。古今录
验∶治齿痛。以杨柳白皮，卷如指许大，含嚼之，以汁渍痛齿根，数过即瘥也。又方∶治牙
齿风龋。以柳枝锉一升，大
豆一升，合炒豆炮尽，于瓷器盛之，清酒三升渍之，经三日，含之频吐。丹房镜源∶云∶柳
胶结砂子。别说云∶谨按絮
贴灸疮良。飞入池沼，于阴暗处为浮萍，尝以器盛水，置絮其中数日，覆之即成，又多积，
可以杆作毡，以代羊毛，极
柔软，宜与小儿卧，
衍义曰∶柳华，《经》曰∶味苦。即是初生有黄蕊者也。及其华干，絮方∶出，又谓之
柳絮。收之，贴灸疮及为茵褥。
絮之下连小黑子，因风而起，得水湿处便生，如地疔之类，多不因种
生出，盖亦如柳絮兼子而飞。
陈藏器之说是。然古人以絮为花，陶隐居亦曰∶花随风，状如飞雪。误矣。《经》中有实及
子汁，诸家不解，今人亦不见
用。注∶释氏谓柳为尼俱律陀木，其子极细，如人妄因极小，妄果至大，是知小黑子得因风
而起。
柳华
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治风水引起的黄疸，面部发热发黑，以及结痂疥癣、恶疮和金创（金属利器造成的创伤）。又名柳絮。
叶 主治马匹的疥癣和结痂疮。取柳叶煎煮后用来清洗患马疥癣的马匹，可立即痊愈。又能治疗心腹内的瘀血，具有止痛功效。
陶隐居说：柳，就是现在的水杨柳。花成熟时，随风飘散状如飞雪。陈元方认为：比喻应当使用它尚未舒展时的状态。
子也随花飞舞，正应了水渍汁液的说法。柳花也适宜贴敷灸疮。皮、叶能治疗漆疮。唐本注说：柳与水杨，完全不像。水杨叶圆阔且呈红色，枝条短硬；柳叶狭长，青绿色，枝条长软。此处论述使用的是柳，不记载水杨。水杨也有疗效，但本草未收录。树枝及木中的虫屑。枝皮味苦，性寒，无毒。主治痰热淋证，可作为催吐汤剂。煮水外洗可治风肿瘙痒。用酒煮后含漱，主治牙痛。木中虫屑可作沐浴汤剂，主治风瘙痒、瘾疹，效果显著。这就是人间常见的柳树。
陶隐居所说的水杨是不对的。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：苦柳华，为使药。主治止血，治疗湿痹，四肢拘挛紧急，膝痛。陈藏器说：柳絮，《本经》将絮当作花，花即初生时的黄蕊。子为飞絮，以絮为花，这错误很大。江东人统称杨柳，北方人都不称杨。杨树叶短，柳树枝长。
日华子说：叶治疗天行热病（流行性热病），疔疮，传尸骨蒸劳（肺结核等慢性消耗性疾病），汤火烫伤，毒入腹中导致的热闷，服用金石药物的人引发的大热闷，并下行水气。煎成膏，可接续筋骨，促进肌肉生长，止痛。牙痛时煎煮含漱，枝条煎汁可消食。
《图经》说：柳华、叶、实，生长在琅邪川泽，如今到处都有，俗称为杨柳。《本经》将絮当作花。陈藏器说：华即初生的黄蕊，子才是飞絮。采集没有固定时间。其枝皮及根也入药。葛洪治疗痈疽肿毒、妒乳（急性乳腺炎）等多用此药。韦宙《独行方》主治疔疮及反花疮，都煎煮柳枝、叶制成膏涂抹。今人制作沐浴汤、膏……今人称柳为杨柳，是不对的。《说文解字》：杨，是蒲柳；柳，是小杨。它们的种类不止一种。蒲柳枝条劲韧，可做箭杆。《左传》所说的董泽之蒲，又叫做符，即上条提到的水杨。现在河北沙地多生长这种，也生长在水边，叶粗而白，木质纹理微红，叫白杞柳。《郑诗》说：不要砍伐我的杞树。陆机说：杞，就是柳，它的木材被人用来做车毂，在山淇水旁、鱼国汶水旁，纯粹生长杞柳。另外，《孟子》说：告子说：把人性看作仁义，就像把杞柳做成杯盘一样。现在人们取其细条，用火烘烤使其柔韧，弯曲做成箱箧，河朔地区尤其多。下面还有赤柽木，生长在河西沙地。皮赤叶细，就是现在所谓的柽柳，又名春柳。《尔雅》说：柽，是河柳。郭璞说：现在是河边赤茎的小杨。陆机《诗疏》说：皮正红如绛色，一名雨师。枝、叶像松树。其木中的脂，一名柽乳。医方中很少使用，所以附记于此。
陈藏器说：絮主治止血，治疗小儿一日、五日寒热，煎柳枝洗澡。《外台秘要》：治疗黄疸。柳枝用水一斗，煮取浓汁半升，服完。《肘后方》：治疗乳痈，两三天肿痛不愈，只是坚硬紫色的。用煎柳根皮的方法，熬温后熨烫肿胀处，一夜痊愈。又一方：汤火灼伤成疮。柳皮烧成灰，用粉涂抹。又一方：取柳白皮细切，用猪脂煎取汁，敷涂。孙真人：治疗牙齿疼。柳枝一把，细锉，加入少许盐花，用浆水煎煮，含漱非常妙。
《集验方》：治疗肿。柳枝如脚趾大，长三尺，二十枚，水煮至极热，用旧布包裹肿胀处，取汤热敷洗，即可痊愈。《子母秘录》：小儿丹毒烦扰。柳叶一斤，水一斗，煮取三升，去渣，拓洗发红处，每天七、八次。如果有脓出不来，以及痈已结聚。柳根细切熟捣，用帛包裹掩住，干了就更换。又一方：治疗突然风毒肿起。用柳树上蛀虫的粪便，用水化开，取清水调少许白矾，滴入耳中，非常妙。又一方：治疗突然风毒肿，气急痛。用柳白皮一斤，锉碎，用酒煮热，用帛包裹熨烫肿胀处，冷了再煮更换，非常妙。《古今录验》：治疗齿痛。用杨柳白皮，卷如手指粗细，含嚼，让汁液浸润痛齿根，多次后即可痊愈。又一方：治疗牙齿风龋。用柳枝锉一升，大豆一升，合炒至豆炮尽，盛于瓷器中，用清酒三升浸泡，经过三天，含漱频频吐出。《丹房镜源》：说柳胶能粘结砂子。别说：谨按絮贴灸疮很好。飞入池沼，在阴暗处变成浮萍，曾经用容器盛水，放入絮其中数日，覆盖它就形成，又多积累，可以杆作毡，代替羊毛，极柔软，适宜给小儿睡。
《衍义》说：柳华，《经》说：味苦。就是初生有黄蕊的时候。等到花干枯，絮才出来，又叫柳絮。收集起来，贴灸疮及作为茵褥。絮之下连着小黑子，因风而起，得水湿处便生，像地疔之类，多不因种植生出，大概也像柳絮兼带子而飞。陈藏器的说法是对的。然而古人以絮为花，陶隐居也说：花随风，状如飞雪。这是错误的。《经》中有实及子汁，诸家不解，今人也不见使用。注：释氏谓柳为尼俱律陀木，其子极细，如人妄因极小，妄果至大，是知小黑子得因风而起。
Liu Hua (Willow Flower)
Bitter in taste, cold in nature, non-toxic. Primarily treats wind-water jaundice, facial heat and blackening, scabies with crusts, malignant sores, and metal weapon injuries. Also known as Liu Xu (Willow Catkin).
Leaf Primarily treats equine scabies and crusted sores. Decocted for washing horses with scabies leads to immediate recovery. It also treats internal blood stasis in the heart and abdomen, and relieves pain.
Fruit Primarily treats ulcerated carbuncles, expelling pus and blood.
Juice of Seeds Treats thirst. Grows in the river marshes of Langya.
Tao Hongjing states: Willow refers to the current water willow. When flowers mature, they scatter with the wind resembling flying snow. Chen Yuanfang argues: For metaphorical use, one should employ it when not yet unfurled.
Seeds also fly with flowers, corresponding to the description of water-soaked juice. Willow flowers are also suitable for application on moxibustion sores. Bark and leaves treat lacquer dermatitis. Tang Ben Zhu notes: Willow and Shui Yang (Poplar) are completely dissimilar. Shui Yang has round, broad, reddish leaves and short, stiff branches; Willow has narrow, long, green leaves and long, soft branches. This discussion concerns Willow, not Shui Yang. Although Shui Yang has therapeutic effects, it is not recorded in this materia medica. Branches and insect frass within the wood. Bark of branches is bitter, cold, and non-toxic. Primarily treats phlegm-heat strangury, and can be used as an emetic decoction. Boiled for external washing treats wind-induced swelling and itching. Wine-boiled and held in the mouth treats toothache. Insect frass from wood can be used for bathing, treating wind-induced pruritus and urticaria, with significant efficacy. This is the common willow tree in human habitation.
Tao's reference to Shui Yang is incorrect. Chen Yuxi et al., according to Yao Xing Lun, state: Bitter Liu Hua serves as an assistant drug. It stops bleeding, treats damp-bi syndrome, limb spasms and stiffness, and knee pain. Chen Cangqi states: Regarding Liu Xu, the *Ben Jing* confuses catkins with flowers; the flower is the initial yellow stamen. The seed becomes the flying catkin. To consider catkins as flowers is a great error. People in Jiangdong generally call them Yangliu (Poplar-Willow), while northerners do not mention Yang. Poplar leaves are short, willow branches are long.
Ri Huazi states: Leaves treat epidemic febrile diseases, ding sores, tuberculosis with bone-steaming fever, burns and scalds, heat and oppression caused by toxins entering the abdomen, and severe heat/oppression induced by taking mineral drugs. It also promotes the downward movement of water qi. Made into a paste, it reconnects sinews and bones, promotes flesh growth, and relieves pain. Held in the mouth for toothache; branch decoction aids digestion.
Tu Jing states: Liu Hua, leaves, and fruits grow in Langya river marshes and are now ubiquitous, commonly known as Yangliu. *Ben Jing* identifies catkins as flowers. Chen Cangqi states: Hua refers to the initial yellow stamens; seeds become the flying catkins. Collection time is unrestricted. Branch bark and roots are also medicinal. Ge Hong uses this extensively for treating carbuncles, sores, swelling, and toxic breast abscesses. Wei Zhou's *Du Xing Fang* treats ding sores and reverse-flower sores by decocting willow branches and leaves into a paste for topical application. Modern people make bathing waters and pastes... Calling willow "Yangliu" is incorrect. *Shuo Wen Jie Zi*: Yang is Pu Liu (Poplar); Liu is small Yang. Their categories are not singular. Pu Liu branches are tough and can serve as arrow shafts. As mentioned in *Zuo Zhuan*, the Pu of Dongze, also called Fu, is the Shui Yang mentioned above. It grows mostly in sandy areas of Hebei and near water, with coarse white leaves and slightly reddish wood grain, known as Bai Qi Liu (White Dogwood Willow). The *Book of Songs* says: Do not cut my Qi trees. Lu Ji states: Qi is willow; its wood is used for chariot hubs. Pure Qi grows beside Shan Qi River and Wen River in the State of Yu. Additionally, *Mencius* quotes Gaozi: Treating human nature as benevolence and righteousness is like making cups and plates from dogwood willow. Nowadays, people take thin strips, soften them with fire, bend them into boxes and chests; this is especially common in He-Shuo. Below there is Chi Cheng Mu (Red Tamarisk), growing in western desert sands. Red bark, fine leaves; this is what is now called Cheng Liu (Tamarisk Willow), also named Chun Liu (Spring Willow). *Er Ya* states: Cheng is He Liu (River Willow). Guo Pu states: It is the small poplar with red stems by the river. Lu Ji's *Poetry Commentary* states: Bark is bright red like crimson, also named Yu Shi (Rain Master). Branches and leaves resemble pine. Its resin is named Cheng Ru (Tamarisk Milk). Rarely used in medical prescriptions, so it is appended here.
Chen Cangqi states: Catkins stop bleeding and treat infantile intermittent fevers (day 1 or day 5); bathing with willow branch decoction. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats jaundice. One dou of willow branches, boiled to obtain half sheng of thick decoction, taken entirely. *Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*: Treats mastitis where pain persists after two or three days, becoming hard and purple. Use the method of decocting willow root bark, warm it, and apply hot compress to the swelling; recovers overnight. Another prescription: For burns/scalds forming sores. Burn willow bark to ash, apply powder. Another prescription: Finely chop white willow bark, decoct in lard to extract juice, apply. Sun Simiao: Treats toothache. One handful of willow branches, finely chopped, add a little salt flower, decoct in sour rice wash water, hold in mouth—very effective.
*Ji Yan Fang*: Treats swelling. Willows branches the size of a toe, three chi long, twenty pieces, boiled until very hot. Wrap swollen area with old cloth, wash with hot decoction; heals immediately. *Zimu Milu*: Infantile erysipelas with restlessness. One jin of willow leaves, one dou of water, boil to three sheng, remove dregs, apply/wash red areas, seven to eight times daily. If pus cannot exit, or carbuncle has aggregated. Finely chop and pound cooked willow root, cover with silk bandage, change when dry. Another prescription: Treats sudden wind-toxin swelling. Use insect frass from willow trees, dissolve in water, mix clear liquid with a little alum, drip into ear—very effective. Another prescription: Treats sudden wind-toxin swelling with urgent breathing and pain. One jin of white willow bark, chopped, wine-boiled until hot, wrap in silk and compress swelling; re-boil when cool—very effective. *Gujin Luyan*: Treats toothache. Roll white willow bark finger-thick, chew and hold, let juice soak painful tooth root; heals after several applications. Another prescription: Treats dental wind-carries. Chop one sheng of willow branches, one sheng of soybeans, stir-fry together until beans are roasted, store in porcelain vessel, soak in three sheng of clear wine for three days, hold in mouth and spit frequently. *Danfang Jingyuan*: States willow gum binds sand particles. Bieshuo: Catkins applied to moxibustion sores are excellent. Flying into ponds, they turn into duckweed in dark places. Experimentally, placing catkins in water-covered containers for several days yields duckweed. Accumulated catkins can be processed into felt, replacing wool, extremely soft, suitable for infants to sleep on.
*Yanyi* states: Liu Hua, *Jing* says: Bitter taste. Refers to the initial stage with yellow stamens. When flowers dry, catkins emerge, also called Liu Xu. Collected for applying to moxibustion sores or making cushions. Under the catkins connect small black seeds, rising with wind, sprouting in damp places like earth-dings, often arising without planting, similar to willow catkins carrying seeds. Chen Cangqi's view is correct. However, ancients mistook catkins for flowers; Tao Hongjing also said flowers fly like snow with the wind. This was erroneous. *Jing* mentions fruits and seed juice, which various commentators did not understand, and modern people rarely use them. Note: Buddhist texts refer to willow as Nikutalata tree, its seeds extremely fine. Just as false causes lead to small results, true causes lead to large ones; thus knowing small black seeds rise with the wind.