\r橡实\pd368.bmp\r
味苦，微温，无毒。主下痢，浓肠胃，肥健人。其壳为散及煮汁服，亦主痢，并堪染
用。一名杼斗。槲、栎皆有斗，以栎为胜。所在山谷中皆有。（唐本先附）
臣禹锡等谨按尔雅云∶栩，杼。释曰∶栩，一
名杼。郭云∶柞树。《诗·唐风》云∶集于
谓为栩。其子为皂，或言皂斗。
其壳为汁，可以染皂。今京洛及河内言杼斗，谓栎为杼。五方通语也。日华子云∶栎树皮，
平，无毒。治水痢，消瘰
，除恶疮。橡斗子，涩肠止泻。煮食，可止饥，御歉岁。壳止肠风，崩中带下，冷热泻痢，
并染须发，入药并捣炒焦用。
图经曰∶橡实，栎木子也。《本经》不载所出州土，云所在山谷皆有，今亦然。木高二、
三
九月结实。其实为皂斗，槲、栎皆有斗，而以栎为胜。不枸时采。其皮并实用。《尔雅》云∶
栎，其实 。释曰∶栎，似
樗之木也。 ，盛实之房也。其实橡也，有 汇自裹。《诗·秦风》云∶山有苞栎。陆机云∶
秦人谓柞栎为栎。又《唐风》
云∶集于苞栩。陆机云∶今柞栎也。徐州人谓栎为杼，或
五方通语也。然则，柞
栎也，杼也，栩也，皆橡栎之
雷公云∶凡使，去粗皮一重，取橡实蒸，从巳至末出，锉作五片用之。食疗云∶主止痢，
不
记》云∶橡子非果非谷而最益人，服食未能断谷，啖之尤佳。无气而受气，无味而受味，消
食止痢，令人强健不极。
衍义曰∶橡实，栎木子也。叶如栗叶，在处有。但坚而不堪充材，亦木之性也。山中以
椿人为粮，然涩肠。木善为
炭，他木皆不及。其壳椹染皂。若曾经雨水者，其色淡；不若不经雨水者。槲亦有壳，但少
而不及栎木所实者。
橡实
味苦，性微温，无毒。主治下痢，能厚肠胃，使人体肥壮强健。其壳可制成散剂或煮汁服用，也主治痢疾，并且可用于染色。又名杼斗。槲树和栎树的果实都有斗状外壳，但以栎树的为优。各地山谷中都有生长。（《新修本草》先前附录）
臣禹锡等人谨按《尔雅》记载：栩，即杼。解释说：栩，又名杼。郭璞说：就是柞树。《诗经·唐风》中说：“集于苞栩”，指的就是这种树。它的果实叫皂斗，也有人说叫皂斗。其壳煮出的汁液，可以用来染黑色。现在京城、洛阳及河内地区称其为杼斗，把栎树称为杼。这是五方通用的语言。日华子说：栎树皮，性平，无毒。主治水痢，消除瘰疬，祛除恶疮。橡斗子（橡实），能涩肠止泻。煮食可以止饥，抵御荒年。壳能止肠风出血，治疗崩漏带下，以及冷热各种泻痢，还可以用来染发，入药时需捣碎炒焦使用。
《图经本草》说：橡实是栎树的种子。《神农本草经》未记载其出产州土，只说各地山谷皆有，现在也是如此。树木高两三尺，九月结果。其实称为皂斗，槲树和栎树都有斗，但以栎树的为优。不在枸杞时采摘。其皮和果实均可用。《尔雅》说：栎，它的果实是椆。解释说：栎，是像樗树那样的树木。椆，是盛放果实的房室。其实质是橡实，外面有斗包裹。《诗经·秦风》中说：“山有苞栎”。陆机说：秦人把柞栎称为栎。又《唐风》中说：“集于苞栩”。陆机说：就是现在的柞栎。徐州人把栎称为杼，这也是五方通用的语言。那么，柞、栎、杼、栩，都是橡栎的不同称呼。
雷公说：凡使用橡实，需去掉一层粗皮，取橡实蒸制，从巳时到末时取出，锉成五片使用。《食疗本草》说：主要作用是止痢，不记载其他功效。《备急千金要方》说：橡子既不是水果也不是谷物，但最有益于人，如果服食还不能断绝五谷，吃它尤其好。它无气味而能接受天地之气，无味道而能接受五味，能消食止痢，使人强健而不疲惫。
《衍义》说：橡实是栎树的种子。叶子像栗子叶，到处都有。只是质地坚硬而不能作为木材使用，这也是木头的本性。山中人以橡实充饥，但它涩肠。木头善于烧炭，其他树木都不如它。其壳可以染黑。如果经过雨水淋湿的，颜色就淡；不如未经雨水的。槲树也有壳，但较少且不如栎树所结的果实好。
Acorn (Xiangshi)
Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats dysentery, thickens the intestines and stomach, and promotes robustness and strength in the body. The shell can be made into a powder or decocted for oral administration; it also treats dysentery and is suitable for dyeing purposes. Also known as Zhudou (Bean Cup). Both Quercus variabilis (Huzai) and Quercus dentata (Liyu) have cup-shaped shells, but those of Quercus dentata are superior. They grow in valleys throughout various regions. (Previously appended to *Xinxiu Bencao*)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully note that *Erya* states: Xu, also called Zhu. The explanation says: Xu is another name for Zhu. Guo Pu says: It is the Zuo tree (Oak). The *Book of Songs · Tang Feng* states: "Gathering on the lush Xu," referring to this tree. Its fruit is called Zaodou (Black Bean Cup), or sometimes just Zaodou. The juice extracted from its shell can be used to dye black. Currently, in the capital, Luoyang, and Henei regions, it is called Zhudou, referring to Quercus as Zhu. This is a common term across the five directions. Rihua Zi says: Quercus bark is neutral in nature and non-toxic. It treats watery dysentery, resolves scrofula, and eliminates malignant sores. Xiangdouzi (Acorn cups) astringes the intestines and stops diarrhea. Boiled and eaten, it alleviates hunger and helps survive famine years. The shell stops intestinal wind bleeding, treats metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, and various cold-heat type dysenteries. It can also be used to dye hair and beard. For medicinal use, it should be crushed and stir-fried until charred.
*Tujing Bencao* states: Xiangshi is the seed of the Li tree (Quercus). *Shennong Benjing* does not record its specific origin provinces, stating only that they grow in valleys everywhere, which remains true today. The trees are two or three chi tall and bear fruit in the ninth month. The fruit is called Zaodou. Both Quercus variabilis and Quercus dentata have cups, but those of Quercus dentata are superior. Harvest them when not in the Gouqi season. Both the bark and the fruit are usable. *Erya* states: Li, its fruit is Jiu. The explanation says: Li is a tree resembling the Chu tree (Ailanthus). Jiu refers to the casing holding the fruit. The actual fruit is the acorn, wrapped in a cup. The *Book of Songs · Qin Feng* states: "The mountains have lush Li." Lu Ji says: People in Qin call Zuo-Li as Li. Furthermore, the *Tang Feng* states: "Gathering on the lush Xu." Lu Ji says: This is the current Zuo-Li. People in Xuzhou call Li as Zhu. This is again a common term across the five directions. Thus, Zuo, Li, Zhu, and Xu are all different names for the same oak species.
Lei Gong says: When using acorns, remove one layer of coarse skin, steam the acorns, process from Si hour to Wei hour, take out, slice into five pieces, and use. *Shiliao Bencao* states: It primarily stops dysentery; no other effects are recorded. *Beiji Qianjin Yaofang* states: Acorns are neither fruits nor grains, yet they are most beneficial to humans. If one cannot completely abstain from grains while taking tonics, eating acorns is particularly good. They receive Qi without distinct odor and receive flavors without distinct taste; they aid digestion, stop dysentery, and make the person strong without causing exhaustion.
*Yanyi* states: Xiangshi is the seed of the Li tree (Quercus). The leaves resemble chestnut leaves and are found everywhere. However, the wood is hard and unsuitable for construction materials, which is the nature of such wood. In mountainous areas, people use it as food, but it is astringent to the intestines. The wood burns well into charcoal, surpassing other woods. The shell can be used to dye black. If exposed to rain, the color becomes pale; it is inferior to those not exposed to rain. Quercus variabilis also has shells, but they are fewer and inferior to those produced by Quercus dentata.