\r玄参\pd143.bmp\r
味苦、咸，微寒，无毒。主腹中寒热积聚，女子产乳余疾，补肾气，令人目明，主暴
中风，伤寒身热，支满狂邪，忽忽不知人，温疟洒洒，血瘕，下寒血，除胸中气，下水，止
烦渴，散颈下核，痈肿，心腹痛，坚症，定五脏。久服补虚，明目，强阴益精。一名重台，
一名玄台，一名鹿肠，一名正马，一名咸，一名端。生河间川谷及冤句。三月、四月采根，
曝干。（恶黄 、干姜、大枣、山茱萸，反藜芦。）
陶隐居云∶今出近道，处处有。茎似人参而长大。根甚黑，亦微香，道家时用，亦以合
香。
唐本注云∶玄参根苗并臭，茎亦不似人参，陶云道家亦以合香，未见其理也。今注详此药，
茎
方大，高四、五尺，紫赤色而有细毛。叶如掌大而尖长。根生青白，干即紫黑，新者润腻，
合香用之。俗呼为馥草，酒渍饮之，疗诸毒鼠 。陶云似人参茎，唐本注言根苗并臭，盖未
深识尔。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶玄参，使，一名逐马，味苦。能治暴结热，主热风头痛
，伤寒劳复，散瘤瘿瘰疠。日华子云∶治头风，热毒游风，补虚劳损，心惊烦躁劣乏，骨蒸
传尸邪气，止健忘，消肿毒。
图经曰∶玄参，生河间及冤句，今处处有之。二月生苗。叶似脂麻，又如槐柳。细茎青
紫色
。
七月开花青碧色。八月结子黑色。亦有白花，茎方大，紫赤色而有细毛，有节若竹者，高五
、六尺。叶如掌大而尖长如锯齿。其根尖长，生青白。干即紫黑，新者润腻。一根可生五、
七枚，三月、八月、九月采曝干。或云蒸过日干。
陶隐居云∶道家时用合香。今人有传其法
酒瓶中，投白蜜渍，令瓶七、八分，紧封系头
，
安釜中，煮不住火，一伏时止火，候冷破瓶取出，再捣熟，如干，更用熟蜜和，瓷器盛，阴
埋地中，旋取，使入龙脑搜，亦可以熏衣。
雷公云∶凡采得后，须用蒲草重重相隔，入甑蒸两伏时后，出干晒。使用时，勿令犯铜，饵
之
后噎人喉，丧人目，拣去蒲草尽了，用之。经验方∶治患劳人烧香法∶用玄参一斤，甘松六
两
，为末，炼蜜一斤和匀，入瓷瓶内封闭，地中埋窨十日取出。更用灰末六两，更炼蜜六两，
和令匀，入瓶内封，更窨五日取出。烧令其鼻中常闻其香，疾自愈。广利方治瘰 ，经年久
不瘥。生玄参捣碎敷上，日二易之。
味苦、咸，性微寒，无毒。主治腹中因寒热邪气导致的积聚病症，妇女产后遗留的各种疾病；能补肾气，使人目光明亮；主治突发中风、伤寒引起的身体发热、胸胁胀满、狂乱邪气、神情恍惚不知人事、温疟发作时战栗发抖、血瘕（体内结块的瘀血病）、下焦寒性瘀血；能消除胸中郁结之气，通利水道，止烦渴；消散颈部肿块，治疗痈肿、心腹痛、坚硬的积块，安定五脏功能。长期服用可补益虚损，明目，增强阴精。又名重台、玄台、鹿肠、正马、咸、端。产于河间川谷及冤句地区。三月、四月采集根部，晒干。（忌与黄芩、干姜、大枣、山茱萸同用，反藜芦。）
陶隐居说：现在近处各地都有出产。茎像人参但长得更大。根非常黑，也略带香气，道家时常用来合香。
《唐本草》注解说：玄参的根和苗都有臭味，茎也不像人参，陶隐居说道家也用来合香，我没看出其中的道理。现在的注释详细考察此药，茎方形且大，高四、五尺，呈紫红色并有细毛。叶子像手掌大小而尖长。根生长时呈青白色，干燥后变成紫黑色，新鲜的质地滋润腻滑，适合用于合香。俗称为馥草，用酒浸泡饮用，可以治疗各种毒物和鼠疫。陶隐居说它像人参的茎，《唐本草》注解说根苗都有臭味，大概是他们认识不深罢了。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：玄参，作为使药，又名逐马，味苦。能治疗暴发的结热，主治热风引起的头痛，伤寒病愈后的复发，消散瘤、瘿、瘰疬。日华子说：治疗头风，热毒游风，补益虚劳损伤，心惊烦躁乏力，骨蒸传尸邪气，止健忘，消肿毒。
《图经》说：玄参，产于河间及冤句，现在到处都有。二月生苗。叶子像芝麻，又像槐树柳树。细茎呈青紫色。七月开青碧色的花。八月结黑色的子。也有白花，茎方形且大，紫红色并有细毛，有节像竹子一样，高五六尺。叶子像手掌大小而尖长如锯齿。其根尖长，生长时呈青白色。干燥后变成紫黑色，新鲜的质地滋润腻滑。一根可以生出五、七枚，三月、八月、九月采集后晒干。有人说经过蒸制后再晒干。
陶隐居说：道家时常用来合香。现在有人传授这种方法：在酒瓶中投入白蜜浸泡，让瓶子装到七八分满，紧紧封住瓶口，放在锅中不停火煮，一个时辰后停火，等冷却后打破瓶子取出，再次捣熟，如果太干，再用熟蜜调和，装在瓷器里，埋在地下阴凉处，随时取用，使用时加入龙脑混合，也可以用来熏衣。
雷公说：凡是采得后，必须用蒲草层层隔开，放入甑中蒸两个时辰后，拿出来晒干。使用时，不要让铜接触，否则吃了会噎住喉咙，损害视力，拣去蒲草后用。经验方：治疗患劳损之人烧香的方法：用玄参一斤，甘松六两，研成末，用炼蜜一斤调和均匀，放入瓷瓶内封闭，在地中埋藏十天取出。再用灰末六两，炼蜜六两，调和均匀，放入瓶内密封，再埋藏五天取出。燃烧让鼻子经常闻到香气，疾病自然痊愈。广利方治疗瘰疬，经年久治不愈。用生玄参捣碎敷在上面，每天更换两次。
Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix)
Taste: Bitter, salty. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats accumulations and masses in the abdomen caused by cold and heat pathogens; residual diseases in women after childbirth; tonifies Kidney Qi, brightens the eyes; treats sudden wind-stroke, fever due to Shanghan (Cold Damage), chest and hypochondriac fullness, manic and psychotic disorders, mental confusion with unawareness of people, shivering chills during warm malaria, blood masses (blood stasis forming lumps), lower jiao cold blood stasis; eliminates Qi stagnation in the chest, promotes urination, stops irritability and thirst; dissipates nodules under the neck, treats carbuncles and swellings, heart and abdominal pain, hard masses, stabilizes the Five Zang organs. Long-term use tonifies deficiency, brightens the eyes, strengthens Yin and benefits essence. Also known as Chongtai, Xuantai, Luchang, Zhengma, Xian, Duan. Grows in Hejian river valleys and Yuanju. Roots are harvested in March and April and sun-dried. (Contraindicated with Huangqin [Scutellariae Radix], Ganjiang [Zingiberis Rhizoma], Dazao [Jujubae Fructus], Shanzhuyu [Corni Fructus]; incompatible with Lilu [Veratri Radix].)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now produced in nearby regions and available everywhere. The stem resembles that of Renshen (Ginseng) but is larger. The root is very black and slightly fragrant; it is used by Daoists for incense blending.
The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Both the root and sprout of Xuan Shen have a foul odor, and the stem does not resemble Renshen. Tao’s statement that Daoists use it for incense blending is unconvincing to me. Detailed examination of this herb shows the stem is square and large, 4-5 chi high, purple-red with fine hairs. Leaves are palm-sized, pointed and long. The fresh root is greenish-white, turning purple-black when dried; fresh roots are moist and greasy, suitable for incense blending. Commonly called Fucao. Soaked in wine and drunk, it treats various toxins and rat plague. Tao said it resembled Renshen stems; the *Tang Bencao* note about the foul odor suggests they did not understand it deeply. Minister Yuxi et al., according to *Yaoxing Lun*, state: Xuan Shen, used as an envoy herb, also called Zhuma, taste bitter. Treats sudden stagnant heat, main wind-heat headache, recurrence of Shanghan after labor, dissipates tumors, goiters, and scrofula. Ri Huazi states: Treats head wind, heat-toxin wandering wind, tonifies deficiency and fatigue, palpitations, irritability, and weakness, bone-stealing tuberculosis pathogen, stops forgetfulness, reduces swelling and toxicity.
*Tujing* states: Xuan Shen grows in Hejian and Yuanju and is now available everywhere. Sprouts appear in February. Leaves resemble Sesame (*Sesamum indicum*) or Sophora/Liu trees. Thin stems are green-purple. Flowers are blue-green in July. Black seeds form in August. Some have white flowers. Stems are square and large, purple-red with fine hairs, jointed like bamboo, 5-6 chi high. Leaves are palm-sized, pointed, long, and serrated. Roots are pointed and long, greenish-white when fresh, turning purple-black when dried. Fresh roots are moist and greasy. One root stock can produce 5-7 pieces. Harvested in March, August, September, and sun-dried. Some say steamed then sun-dried.
Tao Hongjing stated: Daoists use it for incense blending. A current method involves putting white honey into a wine bottle, filling it 70-80%, sealing tightly, placing it in a pot, boiling continuously without stopping fire for one *fu* period (approx. 2 hours), then stopping fire. After cooling, break the bottle, take out, pound thoroughly. If too dry, mix with cooked honey, store in porcelain, bury underground in shade, take as needed. Add Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum) before use, or use to fumigate clothes.
Lei Gong stated: After harvesting, wrap layers with Pucacao (Cattail pollen/stem material), steam in a steamer for two *fu* periods, then sun-dry. When using, avoid contact with copper, as ingestion causes throat obstruction and vision loss. Remove all Pucacao before use. Empirical Formula: Incense burning method for consumptive patients: Use 1 jin of Xuan Shen, 6 liang of Gansong (Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma), grind to powder, mix evenly with 1 jin of refined honey, seal in a porcelain bottle, bury in ground for 10 days, then retrieve. Add 6 liang of ash powder, 6 liang of refined honey, mix evenly, seal in bottle, bury for 5 more days, then retrieve. Burn so the nose constantly smells the fragrance; the disease will heal itself. Guangli Fang for treating Scrofula (Luo Li) that has persisted for years and not healed: Apply crushed raw Xuan Shen topically, change twice daily.