主毒肿结热。
陶隐居云∶本出始兴，今都下亦种之。状如乌 而布地，花紫色，根似附子。苦酒摩涂
肿，
亦效。不入余药。唐本注云∶由跋根，寻陶所注，乃是鸢尾根，即鸢头也。由跋，今南人以
为半夏，顿尔乖越，非唯不识半夏，亦不知由跋与鸢尾也。今按陈藏器本草云∶半夏高
一、
二尺，生泽中熟地，根如小指，正圆，所谓羊眼半夏也。由跋苗高一、二尺似苣 ，根如鸡
卵，生林下，所谓由跋也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶春抽一茎，茎端直八、九叶，根圆
扁而肉白。
图经文具半夏条下。
右由跋一种，古本所有，政和监本脱漏不载，今照根据嘉 监本补之于此。
味苦，平，有毒，主蛊毒邪气，鬼疰诸毒，破症瘕积聚，大水，下三虫，疗头眩，杀
鬼魅。一名乌园。生九疑山谷。五月采。
陶隐居云∶方家云是射干苗，无鸢尾之名。主疗亦异，当别一种物。方亦有用鸢头者，
即应
是其根。疗体相似，而本草不显之。唐本注云∶此草叶似射干而阔短，不抽长茎，花紫碧色
。根似高良姜，皮黄肉白，有小毒。嚼之戟人咽喉，与射干全别。人家亦种，所在有之。射
干花红，抽茎长，根黄有臼。今陶云由跋，正说鸢尾根、茎。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶此草
叶名鸢尾，根名鸢头，亦谓之鸢根。又《图经》
云∶叶似射干，布地生。黑根似高良姜而节大，数个相连。今所在皆有。九月、十月采根，
日干。
图经文具射干条下。
陈藏器云∶鸢尾，主飞尸，游蛊着喉中，气欲绝者。以根削去皮，纳喉中，摩病处，令
血出
为佳。
右鸢尾一种，古本所有，政和监本脱漏不载，今照根据嘉 监本补之于此。
【由跋】
主治毒气肿结、热邪。
陶隐居说：由跋原本产于始兴，现在京城附近也有种植。其形态像乌药而铺散在地面上，花朵呈紫色，根部形状类似附子。用醋研磨后涂抹于肿处，也有效。但不与其他药物配伍使用。《新修本草》注解说：所谓的“由跋根”，查考陶隐居的注释，实际上是指鸢尾的根，也就是鸢头。现在的南方人把由跋当作半夏，这完全错了，这不仅是不认识半夏，也是不认识由跋和鸢尾。现在考证陈藏器的《本草拾遗》记载：半夏高约一、二尺，生长在沼泽中的熟地上，根部像小手指一样，正圆形，这就是所说的羊眼半夏。由跋的苗高一、二尺，形状像苣荬菜，根部像鸡蛋，生长在树林下，这才是所谓的由跋。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本图经》记载：春天抽出一茎，茎端直立长着八、九片叶子，根部圆扁且肉质洁白。《图经》详细内容在半夏条目下。
以上所述由跋这一种药材，是古本中已有的内容，政和年间的监本脱漏未载，现在依据嘉祐年间的监本补充在此处。
【鸢尾】
味道苦，性平，有毒。主治蛊毒、邪气、鬼疰等各种毒邪，破除症瘕积聚，治疗水肿（大水），驱除体内三种寄生虫，治疗头晕目眩，杀灭鬼魅邪气。又名乌园。生长于九疑山的山谷中。五月采集。
陶隐居说：方士们说是射干的幼苗，没有鸢尾这个名字。主治功效也不同，应当是另一种药物。方剂中也有使用鸢头的，那应该就是它的根。治疗作用相似，但《本草》中没有明确区分。《新修本草》注解说：这种草的叶子像射干但更宽短，不抽出长茎，花呈紫碧色。根部像高良姜，皮黄肉白，有小毒。咀嚼时会刺激咽喉，与射干完全不同。民间也种植，各地都有。射干的花是红色的，抽出长茎，根部黄色且有凹陷。现在陶隐居所说的由跋，正是描述鸢尾的根和茎。臣禹锡等人谨按《蜀本》记载：这种草的叶子叫鸢尾，根叫鸢头，也叫鸢根。又据《图经》记载：叶子像射干，贴地生长。黑色的根部像高良姜但节较大，数个相连。现在各地都有。九月、十月采集根部，晒干。《图经》详细内容在射干条目下。
陈藏器说：鸢尾主治飞尸、游蛊附着在喉中，导致气息将绝的情况。将根部削去外皮，纳入喉中，按摩患处，以令血液流出为最佳效果。
以上所述鸢尾这一种药材，是古本中已有的内容，政和年间的监本脱漏未载，现在依据嘉祐年间的监本补充在此处。
[Youba]
Mainly treats toxic swelling with heat accumulation.
Tao Hongjing stated: Youba originally originated from Shixing, and is now also cultivated in the capital region. Its appearance resembles Wu Yao (Aucklandiae Radix) spreading on the ground, with purple flowers and roots resembling Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata). Rubbing it with vinegar and applying it to swellings is also effective. It is not used in combination with other medicines. The annotation of Xinxiu Bencao states: The so-called "root of Youba," upon checking Tao's annotation, refers to the root of Yuanwei (Iris Tectorum), which is also called Yuantou. Currently, people in the south mistake Youba for Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), which is a significant error; this indicates not only ignorance of Banxia but also of Youba and Yuanwei. Current research based on Chen Cangqi's Bencao Shiyi records: Banxia grows about one or two chi high, producing in marshy fertile land, with roots like a small finger, perfectly round, known as Yangyan Banxia (Sheep-eye Pinellia). Youba seedlings grow one or two chi high, resembling Juma (Lactuca indica), with roots like chicken eggs, growing under forests; this is the true Youba. Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to the Shuben Tujing: In spring, a single stem emerges, with eight or nine leaves standing upright at the tip; the root is round, flat, and white-fleshed. The detailed illustrations are recorded under the entry for Banxia.
The above-mentioned Youba was present in ancient editions but omitted in the Zhenghe Imperial Edition; it is now supplemented here according to the Jiayou Imperial Edition.
[Yuanwei]
Taste: bitter; Nature: neutral; Toxicity: toxic.
Indications: Gu poison (parasitic disease), evil qi, Gui Zhu (ghostly transmission diseases), various toxins; breaks up masses and accumulations (Zhengjia); treats severe edema (Dashui); expels three types of intestinal parasites; treats dizziness; eliminates malevolent spirits.
Also known as Wuyuan. Grows in the valleys of Jiuyi Mountain. Harvested in May.
Tao Hongjing stated: Practitioners claim it is the seedling of Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma), without the name Yuanwei. Its therapeutic effects differ significantly, suggesting it should be a different substance. Formulas sometimes use Yuantou (Yuanwei root); thus, it should be its root. The therapeutic actions are similar, but the Bencao does not clearly distinguish them. The annotation of Xinxiu Bencao states: This herb's leaves resemble Shegan but are broader and shorter, without long stems; flowers are purple-blue. Roots resemble Gaoliangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma), with yellow skin and white flesh, possessing slight toxicity. Chewing it irritates the throat, completely distinct from Shegan. It is also cultivated by households and found everywhere. Shegan has red flowers and long stems; its roots are yellow with hollows. Tao's description of Youba actually refers to the root and stem of Yuanwei. Ministers Yuxi et al. respectfully note according to the Shuben: The leaves of this herb are named Yuanwei, and the root is named Yuantou, also called Yuangen. Additionally, the Tujing states: Leaves resemble Shegan, growing close to the ground. Black roots resemble Gaoliangjiang but have larger nodes, connected in clusters. Found everywhere today. Harvest roots in September and October, dry in the sun. Detailed illustrations are recorded under the entry for Shegan.
Chen Cangqi stated: Yuanwei treats Feishi (flying corpse disease) and Yougu (wandering蛊) attaching to the throat, causing breathlessness. Peel the root, insert it into the throat, and massage the affected area until blood flows out, which is considered optimal.
The above-mentioned Yuanwei was present in ancient editions but omitted in the Zhenghe Imperial Edition; it is now supplemented here according to the Jiayou Imperial Edition.