味咸、苦，微寒，有毒。主寒热，恶疮，大热，辟鬼气不祥，下三虫。一名丹草。
生咸阳山谷。
陶隐居云∶俗中虽时有采者，方药亦不复用。近道亦有，是细细草叶，花紫色尔。南中
多生石岩下，叶似蕨，而细如龙须草大，黑如光漆，高尺余，不与余草杂也。唐本注云∶今
市人用KT （音零）筋草为之，叶似青葙，茎细劲紫色，今太常用者是也。臣禹锡等谨按
药
性论云∶石长生皮，臣。亦云石长生也。味酸，有小毒。治疥癣，逐诸风，治百邪鬼魅。
唐本余下三虫，谓长虫、赤虫、蛲虫也。苗高尺许，用茎、叶，五月、六月采。
味酸、苦，寒，无毒。主风毒，热肿，游丹，蛇伤。捣敷并饮汁。唐本注云∶蔓生，叶
似白蔹，生平泽。今按别本注云∶四月、五月采，阴干。（唐本先附）
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶或生人家篱墙间，俗呼为笼草。取根捣以敷痈肿多效。又《图经》
云∶蔓生，茎端五叶；花青白色，俗呼为五叶莓。叶有五丫，子黑。一名乌蔹草，即乌蔹莓
是也。
陶云五叶莓，生人家篱墙间。捣敷疮肿，蛇虫咬处。
\r陆英\pd279.bmp\r
味苦，寒，无毒。主骨间诸痹，四肢拘挛疼酸，膝寒痛，阴痿，短气不足，脚肿。生熊
耳川谷及冤句。立秋采。
唐本注云∶此即蒴 是也，后人不识，浪出蒴 条。此叶似芹及接骨花，亦一类，故芹
名水英，此名陆英，接骨树名木英，此三英也，花、叶并相似。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶陆
英，一名蒴 。味苦、辛，有小毒。能捋风毒，香港脚上冲，心烦闷绝，主水气虚肿。风瘙皮
肌恶痒，煎取汤入少酒，可俗之，妙。
图经曰∶陆英，生熊耳川谷及冤句，蒴 不载所出州土，但云生田野，今所在有之。春
抽苗，茎有节，节间生枝，叶大似水芹及接骨。春夏采叶，秋冬采根、茎。或云即陆英也。
《本经》别立一条，陶隐居亦以为一物。苏恭云∶《药对》及古方无蒴 ，唯言陆英，明非
别物。今注以性味不同，疑非一种，谓其类耳，然亦不能细别。再详陆英条，不言所用。蒴
条云用叶、根、茎，盖一物而所用别，故性味不同，何以明之。苏恭云∶此叶似芹及接骨花，
亦一类，故芹名水英，此名陆英，接骨名木英，此三英，花、叶并相似。又按《尔雅》云∶
华， （音敷）也。华、 ，荣也。木谓之华，草谓之荣，不荣而实者为之秀，荣而不实者
谓
之英。然则此物既有英名，当是其花耳。故《本经》云∶陆英立秋采。立秋正是其花时也。
又葛氏方，有用蒴 者；有用蒴 根者；有用叶者。三用各别，正与《经》载三时所采者相
会，谓陆英为花无疑也。
【乌蔹莓】
味咸、苦，性微寒，有毒。主治寒热往来，恶疮，大热，辟除鬼气及不祥之物，驱除下部的三种寄生虫。又名丹草。
生长在咸阳的山谷中。
陶隐居说：民间虽然偶尔有人采集，但方药中已不再使用。近道也有这种植物，是细细的草叶，花是紫色的罢了。南方多生长在岩石下面，叶子像蕨类，但细得像龙须草那么大，黑得像光亮的漆，高一尺多，不与其他的草混杂在一起。《唐本草》注解说：现在市场上的人用KT（音零）筋草来冒充它，叶子像青葙，茎细长劲挺呈紫色，这是现在太医署常用的那种。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：石长生皮，属臣药。也叫做石长生。味酸，有小毒。治疗疥癣，驱逐各种风邪，治疗百种邪气鬼魅。《唐本草》补充说下部三种虫，是指长虫、赤虫、蛲虫。苗高一尺左右，用茎和叶，五月、六月采集。
【乌蔹莓（续）】
味酸、苦，性寒，无毒。主治风毒，热肿，游丹（一种急性皮肤感染），蛇咬伤。捣碎外敷并饮用汁液。《唐本草》注解说：蔓生，叶子像白蔹，生长在平原沼泽地带。现在参考其他版本的注解说：四月、五月采集，阴干。（《唐本草》先前附注）
臣禹锡等谨按蜀本说：有的生长在人家的篱笆墙间，俗称为笼草。取根捣碎敷治痈肿，效果很多。又《图经》说：蔓生，茎端有五片叶子；花青白色，俗称为五叶莓。叶子有五个丫杈，果实黑色。又名乌蔹草，就是乌蔹莓。
陶隐居说五叶莓，生长在人家的篱笆墙间。捣碎外敷疮肿，蛇虫咬伤处。
【陆英】
味苦，性寒，无毒。主治骨节间的各种痹症，四肢拘挛疼痛酸楚，膝盖寒冷疼痛，阳痿，气短不足，脚肿。生长在熊耳川谷及冤句。立秋时采集。
《唐本草》注解说：这就是蒴藋，后人不认识，胡乱出了蒴藋这一条。这叶子像芹菜及接骨草的花，也是一类，所以芹菜叫水英，这个叫陆英，接骨树叫木英，这三种英，花、叶都相似。臣禹锡等谨按《药性论》说：陆英，又名蒴藋。味苦、辛，有小毒。能祛除风毒，治疗香港脚上冲，心烦闷绝，主治水气虚肿。风瘙皮肤肌肉恶痒，煎取汤剂加入少量酒，可以洗涤，效果奇妙。
《图经》说：陆英，生长在熊耳川谷及冤句，蒴藋没有记载出产州土，只说生长在田野，现在到处都有。春天抽苗，茎有节，节间生枝，叶子大像水芹及接骨草。春夏采叶，秋冬采根、茎。有人说就是陆英。《本经》单独列出一条，陶隐居也认为是一物。苏恭说：《药对》及古方中没有蒴藋，只说陆英，明确不是别物。现在注解因为性味不同，怀疑不是同一种，说是同类而已，然而也不能仔细分辨。再详细看陆英条，没说所用部位。蒴藋条说用叶、根、茎，大概是一物而所用部位不同，所以性味不同，怎么证明呢？苏恭说：这叶子像芹菜及接骨草的花，也是一类，所以芹菜叫水英，这个叫陆英，接骨叫木英，这三种英，花、叶都相似。又按《尔雅》说：华，敷也。华、荣，都是花的意思。木的叫华，草的叫荣，不开花而结果实的叫秀，开花而不结果实的叫英。既然这东西有英的名字，应当是它的花吧。所以《本经》说：陆英立秋采集。立秋正是它开花的时候。又葛氏方，有用蒴藋的；有用蒴藋根的；有用叶的。三种用法各自不同，正与《本经》记载的三个季节所采相符合，所以说陆英是花无疑。
[Wu Lian Mei (Cayratia japonica)]
Taste: Salty, bitter. Nature: Slightly cold. Toxicity: Toxic. Actions: Treats alternating chills and fever, malignant sores, high fever, wards off evil spirits and inauspicious influences, and expels three types of intestinal parasites from the lower body. Also known as Dan Cao.
Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Xianyang.
Commentary by Tao Hongjing: Although occasionally gathered by common people, it is no longer used in medical prescriptions. It is also found in nearby regions; it has slender leaves and purple flowers. In the south, it grows abundantly under rocky cliffs. The leaves resemble ferns but are as fine as Long Xu Cao (Aneilema biflorum), black like polished lacquer, growing over a chi tall, and does not mix with other grasses. Commentary in Tang Bencao: Currently, market vendors use KT Jin Cao (likely referring to a similar-looking herb) to substitute for it. Its leaves resemble Qing Xiang (Celosia argentea), and the stem is slender, tough, and purple. This is the variety commonly used by the Imperial Medical Bureau.臣 Yuxi et al., according to Yao Xing Lun: Shi Chang Sheng Pi (Bark of Stone Lifesaver) is a "Chen" (minister) grade herb. It is also called Shi Chang Sheng. Taste: Sour. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Actions: Treats tinea and scabies, expels various wind pathogens, and treats ailments caused by evil spirits and demons. Supplement in Tang Bencao: The "three parasites below" refers to Ascaris lumbricoides (Chang Chong), Enterobius vermicularis (Nao Chong), and Trichuris trichiura (Chi Chong). The seedling is about one chi high; the stems and leaves are used, harvested in May and June.
[Wu Lian Mei (Continued)]
Taste: Sour, bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Actions: Treats wind-toxin, hot swelling, You Dan (a type of acute erysipelas or spreading skin infection), and snake bites. Apply crushed paste externally and drink the juice. Commentary in Tang Bencao: It is a creeping vine; leaves resemble Bai Lian (Ampelopsis japonica); grows in plains and marshes. According to another version's commentary: Harvested in April and May, dried in the shade. (Previously attached in Tang Bencao)
臣 Yuxi et al., according to the Shu Ben: Sometimes grows between fences and walls of houses, commonly called Long Cao. Crush the root and apply to treat carbuncles and swellings with good effect. Also, Tu Jing states: It is a creeping vine with five leaflets at the stem tip; flowers are blue-white, commonly called Wu Ye Mei (Five-leaf Berry). Leaves have five lobes, fruits are black. Also known as Wu Lian Cao, which is Wu Lian Mei.
Tao Hongjing says Wu Ye Mei grows between fences and walls of houses. Crush and apply to sores and swellings, and snake or insect bites.
[Lu Ying (Euphorbia lathyris / Herba Euphorbiae lathyridis)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Actions: Treats bi-syndromes in the bones and joints, spasms and pain/aching in the four limbs, cold pain in the knees, impotence, shortness of breath and deficiency, and edema of the feet. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and Yuanju. Harvested at Li Qiu (Start of Autumn).
Commentary in Tang Bencao: This is actually Shuo Di (Euphorbia lathyris). Later generations did not recognize it and erroneously created a separate entry for Shuo Di. The leaves resemble those of Celery (Shui Ying) and Jie Gu Hua (Artemisia capillaris or similar), belonging to the same category. Hence, Celery is called Shui Ying (Water Hero), this is Lu Ying (Land Hero), and Jie Gu Shu is Mu Ying (Wood Hero). These three "Yings" have similar flowers and leaves.臣 Yuxi et al., according to Yao Xing Lun: Lu Ying is also known as Shuo Di. Taste: Bitter, acrid. Toxicity: Slightly toxic. Actions: Can dispel wind-toxin, treat gout ascending upwards, mental restlessness and suffocation, and treat edema due to water retention. For pruritus and malodorous itching of the skin and muscles, decoct the soup, add a little wine, and wash; the effect is excellent.
Tu Jing states: Lu Ying grows in the valleys of Xiong'er River and Yuanju. Shuo Di does not record its origin, only stating it grows in fields; it is now available everywhere. Sprouts in spring, stems have nodes, branches grow from nodes, leaves are large resembling water celery and Jie Gu Cao. Leaves harvested in spring and summer, roots and stems in autumn and winter. Some say it is Lu Ying. The Ben Jing lists it separately, and Tao Hongjing also considered them the same substance. Su Gong says: Yao Dui and ancient formulas do not mention Shuo Di, only Lu Ying, clearly indicating they are not different substances. Current annotations suspect they are not the same species due to different properties and tastes, merely categorizing them as similar, yet failing to distinguish them precisely. Re-examining the Lu Ying entry, it does not specify the parts used. The Shuo Di entry specifies using leaves, roots, and stems. Presumably, it is the same plant but different parts are used, leading to different properties and tastes. How to clarify this? Su Gong says: The leaves resemble celery and Jie Gu Hua, belonging to the same category. Hence, Celery is Shui Ying, this is Lu Ying, Jie Gu is Mu Ying. These three Yings have similar flowers and leaves. Furthermore, Er Ya states: Hua (flower) means Fu (to spread/bloom). Hua and Rong both refer to flowers. Trees' flowers are called Hua, herbs' flowers are called Rong. Those that bloom but do not fruit are called Xiu, and those that fruit without blooming are called Ying. Since this plant has the name "Ying," it likely refers to its flower. Thus, Ben Jing states: Lu Ying is harvested at Li Qiu. Li Qiu is precisely when its flowers bloom. Additionally, Ge Shi Fang uses Shuo Di; some use Shuo Di roots; some use leaves. The three usages differ, coinciding with the harvesting times recorded in the Jing, confirming that Lu Ying refers to the flower without doubt.