叶辛，温，无毒。主心腹冷胀，下气，消食。人所啖者，生下湿地，所在有之。（
唐本先附）
臣禹锡等谨按孟诜云∶秦荻梨，于生菜中最香美，甚破气。又，末之和酒服，疗卒心痛，
悒悒塞满气。又，子，末和大醋，封肿气，日三易。陈藏器云∶五辛菜，味辛，温。岁朝食
之
去恶气，消食，下气。《荆楚岁时记》亦作此说，热病后不可食
之，损目。
食医心镜∶秦荻梨，取和酱、醋食之，理心腹冷胀，下气消食，空腹食之最佳。
雷公云∶凡使，勿用诸件。草形似牛皮蔓，掐之有乳汁出，香甜入顶。采得，用苦竹刀
细切，入砂盆中研如膏，用
生稀绢裹，挪取汁出，暖饮。千金方∶治伤中崩绝赤。醍醐杵汁，拌
又方∶治月水不利。以菜绞
汁，和酒煎，服一盏。
（己酉添加衍义）
味苦，寒，有毒。主大水，面目、四肢浮肿，下水，令人吐。生晋地川泽。
陶隐居云∶瓠与冬瓜气类同辈，而有上下之殊，当是为其苦尔。今瓠自忽有苦者如胆，
不可
食，非别生一种也。又有瓠 （音娄），亦是瓠类，小者名瓢，食之乃胜瓠。凡此等，皆利
水
道，所以在夏月食之，大理自不及冬瓜也。唐本注云∶瓠与冬瓜、瓠 全非类例，今此论性
，都是苦瓠 尔。陶谓瓠中苦者，大误矣。瓠中苦者，不入药用。冬瓜自根据食前说，瓠 与
瓠，又须辨之。此三物苗叶相似，而实形有异，瓠味皆甜，时有苦者，而似越瓜，长者尺余
，头尾相似。其瓠 ，形状大小非一。瓠，夏中便熟，秋末并枯；瓠 ，夏末始实，秋中方
∶熟，取其为器，经霜乃堪。瓠与甜瓠 体性相类，但味甘冷，通利水道，止渴消热，无毒，
一如《经》说，然瓠苦者不堪啖，无所主疗，不入方∶用。而甜
瓠与瓠子，啖之俱胜冬瓜，陶言不及，乃是未悉。此等元种各别，非甘者变而为苦也。其
苦瓠瓤，味苦，冷，有毒。主水肿，石淋，吐呀嗽，囊结，疰蛊，痰饮。或服之过分，令人
吐利不止者，宜以黍穣灰汁解之。又煮汁渍阴，疗小便不通也。今按陈藏器本草云∶苦瓠
，煎取汁，滴鼻中出黄水，去伤寒，鼻塞，黄胆。又取一枚，开口，以水煮中搅取汁，滴鼻
中
煮令热，解开熨小儿闪癖。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶陶云瓠小者
名瓢，按《切韵》瓢，注云∶瓠也。又语曰∶吾岂匏瓜也哉，是则此为瓜匏之瓠也。今据瓜
匏
少见有苦者。谨按瓠，固匏也。但匏字合作 ，盖音同字异尔
，且 似瓠，可为饮器。有甘、苦二种∶甘者大；苦者小。则陶云∶小者名瓢是也，今人以
苦
人吐。此又与上说正同尔。《药性论》云∶苦瓠瓤，使。治水浮肿
，面目肢节肿胀，下大水气疾。孟诜云∶瓠，冷。主消渴，恶疮。又，患香港脚及虚胀，冷气
人不可食之，尤甚。又压热，服丹石人方∶可食，余人不可辄食。日华子云∶瓠，无毒，又
云微毒。除烦止渴，治心热，利小肠，润心肺，治石淋，吐蛔虫。
圣惠方∶治龋齿疼痛。用葫芦半升，水五升，煮取三升，去滓，含漱吐之。茎、叶亦可
用
，不过二剂瘥。又方∶治鼠 。用瓠花
曝干为末，敷之。外台秘要∶治卒患肿满。曾有人忽脚跌，肿渐上
至膝，足不可践地，主大水，头面遍身大肿胀满。苦瓠白瓤实，捻如大豆粒，以面裹，煮一
沸，空心服七枚。至午当出水一斗。二日水自出不止，大瘦乃瘥。三年内慎口味也。苦瓠须
好者，无靥翳，细理，研净者，不尔，有毒不用。千金方∶治眼暗。取七月七日苦瓠瓤白
，绞取汁一合，以酢一升，古钱七文，和渍，微火煎之减半。以沫纳眼 中，神验。肘后方∶
皆如烂肝者。苦瓠一枚，水二升，煮取一升服，立吐即愈。又方∶
神验。孙真人甜瓠，患脚
肿气及虚肿者，食之永不瘥。伤寒类要∶治
浸之三、两食顷。取两酸
枣许，分纳两鼻中
子白瓤子熬令黄，捣为末，每服半钱匕，日一服，十日愈。用瓠 有吐者，当先详之。丹房
镜源∶苦瓠煮汞。
【秦荻梨】
叶片味辛，性温，无毒。主治心腹冷胀，能下气、消食。人们食用的秦荻梨，生长在潮湿低洼之地，各地都有。（《新修本草》先附）
臣禹锡等谨按孟诜说：秦荻梨在生菜中最香美，但非常耗气。另外，将其研末和酒服用，可治疗突发性心痛、郁闷塞满之气。还有，其种子研末和大醋，外敷于肿气处，每日更换三次。陈藏器说：五辛菜，味辛，性温。早晨食用可以去除恶气、消食、下气。《荆楚岁时记》也持此说法，热病后不可食用，会损伤眼睛。
《食医心镜》：秦荻梨，取来和酱、醋一起食用，能调理心腹冷胀，下气消食，空腹食用最佳。
雷公说：凡是使用，不要用其他种类。草的形状像牛皮蔓，掐断后有乳汁流出，香甜扑鼻。采得后，用苦竹刀细细切碎，放入砂盆中研磨成膏状，用生稀绢包裹，拧取汁液，温热饮用。《千金方》：治疗伤中崩绝赤。用醍醐杵汁，拌……（原文此处似有脱漏或排版错误，结合下文“又方”推测为另一独立条目或接续上文，此处依文意翻译）
又一方：治疗月经不通利。将菜绞汁，和酒煎煮，服一盏。
（己酉年添加《嘉祐本草·衍义》）
【苦瓠】
味苦，性寒，有毒。主治大水（严重水肿），面目、四肢浮肿，通利水道，令人呕吐。生长在晋地河流沼泽。
陶隐居说：瓠与冬瓜气类相同辈分，但有上下之别，大概是因为味道苦吧。现在瓠如果忽然变得像胆一样苦，不可食用，并非另生一种。又有瓠（音娄），也是瓠类，小的叫瓢，吃它胜过瓠。凡这些，都利水道，所以在夏天食用，道理自然不及冬瓜。《新修本草》注说：瓠与冬瓜、瓠完全不是同类，现在这里论述的性味，都是苦瓠罢了。陶弘景说瓠中苦的，大错特错了。瓠中苦的，不入药用。冬瓜自根据食前所说，瓠与瓠，又须辨别。这三种植物苗叶相似，而果实形状有异，瓠的味道都是甜的，偶尔有苦的，形状像越瓜，长一尺多，头尾相似。其瓠（音某），形状大小不一。瓠，夏天就熟了，秋末枯萎；瓠，夏末才结实，秋中才熟，取其做器具，经霜后才堪用。瓠与甜瓠体性相类，但味甘冷，通利水道，止渴消热，无毒，一如《经》所说，然而瓠苦的不堪吃，没有主治疗效，不入方用。而甜瓠与瓠子，吃它们都胜过冬瓜，陶弘景言不及，是不熟悉。这些原本种植各别，并非甘的变成苦的。其苦瓠瓤，味苦，性冷，有毒。主治水肿，石淋，吐呀嗽，囊结，疰蛊，痰饮。或者服用过量，让人吐泻不止的，宜用黍穣灰汁解毒。又煮汁浸渍阴部，治疗小便不通。现在按陈藏器《本草》说：苦瓠，煎取汁，滴鼻中出黄水，去伤寒，鼻塞，黄疸。又取一枚，开口，以水煮中搅取汁，滴鼻中煮令热，解开熨小儿闪癖。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注说：陶弘景说瓠小者名瓢，按《切韵》瓢，注说：瓠也。又说俗语：吾岂匏瓜也哉，是则此为瓜匏之瓠也。现在据瓜匏少见有苦的。谨按瓠，固然是匏。但匏字合作（某字），盖音同字异尔，且（某字）似瓠，可为饮器。有甘、苦二种：甘的大；苦的小。则陶弘景说：小者名瓢是对的，现在人以苦……（原文此处似有脱漏，结合上下文推测为“使人吐”）。这又与上面说的正相同。《药性论》说：苦瓠瓤，使。治水浮肿，面目肢节肿胀，下大水气疾。孟诜说：瓠，冷。主治消渴，恶疮。又，患香港脚及虚胀，冷气人不可食之，尤其严重。又压热，服丹石人方可食，其余人不可随便吃。日华子说：瓠，无毒，又说微毒。除烦止渴，治心热，利小肠，润心肺，治石淋，吐蛔虫。
《圣惠方》：治疗龋齿疼痛。用葫芦半升，水五升，煮取三升，去滓，含漱吐之。茎、叶也可用，不过两剂痊愈。又一方：治疗鼠瘘。用瓠花曝干为末，敷之。《外台秘要》：治疗突然患肿满。曾有人忽脚跌，肿渐上至膝，足不可践地，主大水，头面遍身大肿胀满。苦瓠白瓤实，捻如大豆粒，以面裹，煮一沸，空心服七枚。到中午应当出水一斗。两天水自出不止，大瘦乃痊愈。三年内慎口味也。苦瓠须好的，无靥翳，细理，研净者，不然，有毒不用。《千金方》：治疗眼暗。取七月七日苦瓠瓤白，绞取汁一合，以酢一升，古钱七文，和渍，微火煎之减半。以沫纳眼中，神验。《肘后方》：皆如烂肝者。苦瓠一枚，水二升，煮取一升服，立吐即愈。又一方：神验。孙真人甜瓠，患脚肿气及虚肿者，食之永不瘥。《伤寒类要》：治疗……浸之三、两食顷。取两酸枣许，分纳两鼻中。子白瓤子熬令黄，捣为末，每服半钱匕，日一服，十日愈。用瓠有吐者，当先详之。《丹房镜源》：苦瓠煮汞。
[Qin Di Li]
The leaves are pungent in flavor, warm in nature, and non-toxic. They primarily treat cold distension in the heart and abdomen, promote the movement of Qi downward, and aid digestion. The Qin Di Li consumed by people grows in damp, low-lying areas and is found everywhere. (Attached from *Xin Xiu Ben Cao*)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite Meng Shen: Qin Di Li is the most fragrant and delicious among raw vegetables, but it strongly depletes Qi. Furthermore, when powdered and taken with wine, it treats sudden heart pain and oppressive, fullness of Qi. Additionally, its seeds, when powdered and mixed with large amounts of vinegar, applied externally to swollen Qi, should be changed three times daily. Chen Cangqi states: Five pungent vegetables are pungent in flavor and warm in nature. Consuming them in the morning removes foul Qi, aids digestion, and promotes the movement of Qi downward. *Jingchu Suishiji* also holds this view; they should not be consumed after febrile diseases as they damage the eyes.
*Shiyi Xinjing*: Qin Di Li, when taken with soy sauce and vinegar, regulates cold distension in the heart and abdomen, promotes the movement of Qi downward, and aids digestion; it is best consumed on an empty stomach.
Lei Gong states: When using it, do not use other varieties. The herb resembles a cowhide vine; when pinched, milky juice exudes, which is sweet and fragrant to the extreme. After harvesting, finely chop it with a bitter bamboo knife, grind it into a paste in a mortar, wrap it in raw thin silk, wring out the juice, and drink it warm. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats injury to the middle jiao with sudden bleeding and redness. Use butter churned juice... (Text appears fragmented here).
Another prescription: Treats irregular menstruation or dysmenorrhea. Juice the vegetable, mix with wine, decoct, and take one cup.
(Added during the Jiyou year from *Jia You Ben Cao · Yan Yi*)
[Ku Hu - Bitter Gourd/Pumpkin]
It is bitter in flavor, cold in nature, and toxic. It primarily treats severe edema (*Da Shui*), swelling of the face, eyes, and limbs, promotes urination, and induces vomiting. It grows in the rivers and marshes of the Jin region.
Tao Hongjing states: *Hu* (gourd/pumpkin) belongs to the same category as winter melon in terms of Qi, but differs in position; this is likely due to its bitterness. If *Hu* suddenly becomes bitter like gallbladder bile, it is inedible and does not constitute a separate species. There is also *Hu* (pronounced Lou), which is also a type of gourd; the small ones are called *Piao*, and consuming them is superior to regular *Hu*. All these promote water pathways, hence they are eaten in summer; naturally, their efficacy is inferior to winter melon. *Xin Xiu Ben Cao* annotation states: *Hu* is completely different from winter melon and *Hu*; what is discussed here regarding nature is all *Ku Hu* (bitter gourd). Tao's statement that bitter *Hu* exists within the same species is a major error. Bitter *Hu* is not used medicinally. Winter melon follows the previous dietary description. *Hu* and *Hu* must be distinguished. These three plants have similar stems and leaves but different fruit shapes. *Hu* is generally sweet, occasionally bitter, resembling *Yue Gua* (a type of melon), over a chi long, with similar ends. Its *Hu* (specific variety) varies in shape and size. One type ripens in summer and withers in late autumn; another bears fruit in late summer, ripens in mid-autumn, and is harvested for vessels after frost. *Hu* and sweet *Hu* share similar properties, being sweet, cold, promoting water pathways, quenching thirst, clearing heat, and non-toxic, as stated in the classics. However, bitter *Hu* is inedible, has no therapeutic indication, and is not used in prescriptions. Sweet *Hu* and its seeds are superior to winter melon in consumption; Tao's omission indicates unfamiliarity. These originate from different seeds; sweetness does not turn into bitterness. The pulp of bitter *Hu* is bitter, cold, and toxic. It treats edema, stone strangury (*Shi Lin*), coughing up phlegm/blood, scrotal constriction, *Zhu Gu* (wandering pestilence), and phlegm-fluid retention. Overdose causes persistent vomiting and diarrhea; this should be resolved with ash juice from millet stalks. Boiled juice applied to the genitals treats urinary obstruction. According to Chen Cangqi's *Bencao*: Decocted juice of bitter *Hu* dripped into the nose expels yellow fluid, treating cold damage, nasal congestion, and jaundice. Take one fruit, open it, boil in water, stir to extract juice, heat, and apply to relieve infant "flash phlegm" (likely a specific pediatric condition). Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite the Shu edition annotation: Tao says small *Hu* is named *Piao*. According to *Qieyun*, *Piao* notes: *Hu* also. Also, the saying "Am I a gourd?" refers to the gourd of melons and gourds. Currently, bitter melons/gourds are rare. Respectfully, *Hu* is indeed *Pao*. But the character *Pao* should be written as [Character], likely homophonic with different characters. And [Character] resembles *Hu* and can serve as a drinking vessel. There are two types: sweet and bitter. Sweet ones are large; bitter ones are small. Thus, Tao's statement that small ones are named *Piao* is correct. Nowadays, people use bitter [ones] to induce vomiting. This aligns with the above. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Bitter *Hu* pulp is used. It treats water edema, swelling of the face, eyes, and joints, and moves severe water Qi pathology. Meng Shen states: *Hu* is cold. It treats diabetes (*Xiao Ke*) and malignant sores. Furthermore, those with tinea pedis (*Xiang Gang Jiao*) and deficiency distension, or those with cold Qi, should not eat it, especially severely. It suppresses heat; those taking cinnabar/realgar stones may eat it, but others should not consume it casually. Ri Huazi states: *Hu* is non-toxic, or slightly toxic. It relieves irritability, quenches thirst, treats heart heat, benefits the small intestine, moistens lungs and heart, treats stone strangury, and expels roundworms.
*Shenghui Fang*: Treats toothache from dental caries. Use half a sheng of gourd, five sheng of water, decoct to three sheng, remove dregs, swish and spit. Stems and leaves can also be used; two doses suffice for cure. Another prescription: Treats scrofula (*Shu Lou*). Dry *Hu* flowers, powder them, and apply externally. *Waitai Miyao*: Treats sudden swelling and fullness. Someone once fell on their foot, swelling gradually rose to the knee, making walking impossible, suffering from severe water retention, massive swelling of head, face, and body. Take white pulp of bitter *Hu*, form into bean-sized pellets, wrap in dough, boil briefly, take seven pellets on an empty stomach. By noon, one dou of water should be expelled. Water continues to pass for two days; significant weight loss indicates cure. Be cautious with diet for three years. The bitter *Hu* must be high quality, without spots, fine texture, thoroughly cleaned; otherwise, it is toxic and unusable. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats dim vision. Take white pulp of bitter *Hu* collected on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, wring out one he of juice, mix with one sheng of vinegar and seven ancient coins, soak, simmer gently until reduced by half. Apply foam to the eyes; highly effective. *Zhouhou Fang*: Cases resemble rotting liver. Take one bitter *Hu*, two sheng of water, decoct to one sheng, ingest; immediate vomiting leads to cure. Another prescription: Highly effective. Sun Simiao: Sweet *Hu*, if consumed by those with leg swelling Qi and deficiency swelling, will never cure. *Shanghan Leiyao*: Treats... soak for three or two meal-times. Take two sour dates' worth, divide and insert into both nostrils. White pulp of seeds roasted until yellow, powdered, take half a qian bi per dose, once daily, cured in ten days. If *Hu* causes vomiting, examine carefully first. *Danfang Jingyuan*: Bitter *Hu* boils mercury.