\r空青\pd12.bmp\r
味甘、酸，寒、大寒，无毒。主青盲，耳聋，明目，利九窍，通血脉，养精神，益肝
气，疗目赤痛，去肤翳止泪出，利水道，下乳汁，通关节，破坚积。久服轻身，延年不老，
令人不忘，志高、神仙。能化铜、铁、铅、锡作金。生益州山谷及越 山有铜处。铜精熏则
生空青，其腹中空。三月中旬采，亦无时。
陶隐居云∶越 属益州。今出铜官者，色最鲜深，出始兴者弗如，益州诸郡无复有，恐
久不
采之故也。凉州西平郡有空青山，亦甚多。今空青但圆实如铁珠，无空腹者，皆凿土石中取
之。又以合丹成，则化铅为金矣。诸石药中，唯此最贵。医方乃稀用之，而多充画色，殊为
可惜。唐本注云∶此物出铜处有，乃兼诸青，但空青为难得。今出蔚州、兰州、宣州、梓州
，宣
州者最好，块段细，时有腹中空者。蔚州、兰州者，片块大，色极深，无空腹者。今注∶今
出饶、信等州者亦好。臣禹锡等谨按范子计然云∶空青出巴郡。白青、曾青出新淦。青色者
善
。药性论云∶空青，君，畏菟丝子。能治头风，镇肝，瞳仁破者，再得见物。萧炳云∶腹中
空，如杨梅者胜。日华子云∶空青大者如鸡子，小者如相思子，其青浓如荔枝壳，内有浆酸
甜，能点多年青盲内障翳膜，养精气，其壳又可摩翳也。
图经曰∶空青，生益州山谷及越 山有铜处，铜精熏则生空青，今信州亦时有之。状若
杨梅
别名杨梅青。其腹中空，破之有浆者绝难得。亦有大者如鸡子，小者如豆子，三月中旬采，
亦无时。古方虽稀用，而今治眼翳障，为最要之物。又曾青所出与此同山，疗体颇相似，而
色理亦无异，但其形累累如连珠相缀，今极难得。又有白青，出豫章山谷，亦似空青，圆如
铁珠，色白而腹不空，亦谓之碧青，以其研之色碧也。亦谓之鱼目青，以其形似鱼目也。无
空青时，亦可用，今不复见之。
千金方∶治眼 不明。以空青少许，渍露一宿，以水点之。又方治口 不正。取空青
一豆
许，含之即效。肘后方∶治卒中风，手臂不仁，口 僻。取空青末一豆许，着口中渐入咽即
愈。
衍义曰∶空青，功长于治眼。仁庙朝，尝诏御药院，须中空有水者，将赐近戚，久而方
得。
其
杨梅青，治翳极有功。中亦或有水者，其用与空青同，弟有优劣耳。今信州穴山而取，世谓
之杨梅青，极难得。
味甘、酸，性寒至大寒，无毒。主治青盲（视神经萎缩等导致的视力障碍），耳聋，明目，通利九窍，通畅血脉，滋养精神，补益肝气，治疗目赤肿痛，去除眼翳并止泪，通利水道，下乳汁，通利关节，破除体内坚积痞块。长期服用可轻身延年，使人记忆力增强，志向高远，甚至被传说能成仙。能够化铜、铁、铅、锡为金。产于益州山谷及越巂山有铜矿的地方。铜的精气熏蒸则生成空青，其腹部中空。三月中旬采集，其他时间也可采集。
陶隐居说：越巂属于益州。现在出产于铜官的空青色泽最鲜艳深沉，出产于始兴的不如它，益州各郡已不再出产，恐怕是因为很久没有开采的缘故。凉州西平郡有空青山，产量也很多。现在的空青大多圆实如铁珠，没有腹中空的，都是从土石中凿取出来的。又用它合炼丹药，就能将铅化为金。各种石药中，只有这种最贵重。医方中很少使用它，而多用来作为绘画颜料，非常可惜。唐本注说：这种物产出于有铜的地方，兼有多种青色矿物，但空青最为难得。现在出产于蔚州、兰州、宣州、梓州，其中宣州的最好，块段细小，有时腹中是空的。蔚州、兰州的，片块较大，颜色极深，没有腹中空的。现在的注释说：现在出产于饶州、信州等地的也很好。臣禹锡等人谨按范子计然说：空青出产于巴郡。白青、曾青出产于新淦。颜色青翠的是上品。药性论说：空青，属君药，畏忌菟丝子。能治疗头风，镇摄肝脏，瞳孔破裂者，再次使用能见到物体。萧炳说：腹中空，像杨梅形状的最好。日华子说：大的空青像鸡蛋，小的像相思子，青色浓重如荔枝壳，内部有酸甜的浆液，能点治多年的青盲内障和翳膜，滋养精气，其壳又可摩擦去翳。
图经曰：空青，生于益州山谷及越巂山有铜的地方，铜的精气熏蒸则生成空青，现在信州也偶尔有出产。形状像杨梅，别名杨梅青。其腹中空，破开有浆液的极其难得。也有大的像鸡蛋，小的像豆子，三月中旬采集，其他时间也可采集。古方虽然很少使用，但现在治疗眼翳障蔽，是最重要的药物。另外曾青所出的山与此相同，疗效颇为相似，颜色和纹理也没有区别，但其形状累累相连如串珠，现在极其难得。又有白青，出产于豫章山谷，也像空青，圆如铁珠，色白且腹不空，也称为碧青，因为研磨后颜色碧绿。也称为鱼目青，因为形状像鱼眼睛。没有空青时，也可以用白青代替，现在已不复见到。
千金方：治疗眼睛不明亮。用少许空青，浸泡在露水中过夜，用水滴眼。另一方治疗口眼歪斜。取空青约一粒豆大小，含在口中即见效。肘后方：治疗突然中风，手臂麻木不仁，口眼歪斜。取空青粉末约一粒豆大小，放入口中逐渐咽下即愈。
衍义曰：空青的功效长于治疗眼病。仁宗皇帝时期，曾诏令御药院，必须寻找腹中有水且中空的，准备赏赐给近亲戚族，过了很久才得到。那种杨梅青，治疗眼翳极有功效。其中偶尔也有带水的，其用法与空青相同，只是有优劣之分。现在信州穴山开采，世人称之为杨梅青，极其难得。
Kongqing (Azurite with hollow cavity)
The flavor is sweet and sour, the nature is cold to great cold, and it is non-toxic. It primarily treats Qingmang (blindness due to optic nerve atrophy or similar conditions), deafness, brightens the eyes, benefits the nine orifices, unblocks the blood vessels, nourishes the spirit, supplements Liver Qi, treats redness and pain in the eyes, removes corneal opacities (Yi) and stops tearing, promotes urination, induces lactation, unblocks the joints, and breaks down firm accumulations. Long-term use lightens the body, prolongs life, enhances memory, elevates aspirations, and is even said to enable one to become an immortal. It can transform copper, iron, lead, and tin into gold. It grows in the valleys of Yizhou and in Yueji where copper deposits exist. Kongqing is generated by the fumes of copper essence; its interior is hollow. It is harvested in mid-March, but can be collected at any time.
Tao Hongjing stated: "Yueji belongs to Yizhou. The Kongqing currently produced in Tongguan has the most vibrant and deep color; that from Shixing is inferior. The various commanderies of Yizhou no longer produce it, likely due to long periods without mining. There are also many sources in Kongqing Mountain, Xiping Commandery, Liangzhou. Current Kongqing is mostly solid and round like an iron bead, lacking a hollow cavity, and is chiseled out from earth and stone. When used to compound elixirs, it can transform lead into gold. Among all mineral drugs, this is the most expensive. Medical prescriptions rarely use it, instead employing it mostly as a painting pigment, which is a pity." The Tang Ben Zhu noted: "This substance is found where copper exists, encompassing various green minerals, but Kongqing is the hardest to obtain. Currently, it is produced in Weizhou, Lanzhou, Xuanzhou, and Zizhou. The Xuanzhou variety is best, with small pieces, sometimes hollow inside. The Weizhou and Lanzhou varieties have larger flakes, very deep color, and are not hollow." The current annotation adds: "Those produced in Raozhou and Xinzhou are also good." Ministers Yu Xi et al. respectfully cited Fan Zi Ji Ran: "Kongqing comes from Bashu. Baiqing (White Azurite) and Zengqing (Chrysocolla) come from Xingan. Those with bright green color are superior." The Yao Xing Lun stated: "Kongqing is a Sovereign drug, incompatible with Cuscutae Semen (Tusizi). It can treat Head Wind, calm the Liver, and restore vision for those with ruptured pupils." Xiao Bing said: "Those hollow inside and shaped like a bayberry are superior." Ri Huazi said: "Large Kongqing is egg-sized, small ones are mung bean-sized. The green is dense like lychee skin, containing sweet and sour juice inside. It can treat chronic Qingmang, internal cataracts, and corneal opacities, nourishing Jing and Qi. Its shell can also be rubbed on the eye to remove opacities."
Tu Jing stated: "Kongqing grows in the valleys of Yizhou and in Yueji where copper exists, generated by copper essence fumes. It is occasionally found in Xinzhou today. Its shape resembles a bayberry, hence the alias Yangmei Qing. Those with a hollow interior and juice when broken are extremely rare. Some are egg-sized, others bean-sized. Harvested in mid-March, but available anytime. Although rarely used in ancient formulas, it is now the most crucial herb for treating corneal opacities and visual obstructions. Zengqing grows on the same mountains, has similar therapeutic properties, and identical color and texture, but forms clusters like linked beads, making it extremely rare today. There is also Baiqing (White Azurite), growing in the valleys of Yuzhang. It resembles Kongqing, round like an iron bead, white in color, and not hollow. It is also called Biqing because it turns green when ground, and Yum Qing (Fish Eye Green) because its shape resembles fish eyes. It can be used when Kongqing is unavailable, but is no longer seen."
Qianjin Fang: For unclear vision. Soak a small amount of Kongqing in dew overnight, then use the water to drop into the eyes. Another formula for facial paralysis (mouth deviation). Take a dose of Kongqing about the size of a bean, hold it in the mouth for immediate effect. Zhou Hou Fang: For sudden wind-stroke, numbness of arms and hands, and facial paralysis. Take a dose of powdered Kongqing about the size of a bean, place in the mouth, and swallow gradually for recovery.
Yan Yi stated: "Kongqing's efficacy excels in treating eye diseases. During the reign of Emperor Renzong, the Imperial Medicine Bureau was ordered to find specimens that were hollow and contained water to bestow upon close relatives. It took a long time to obtain them. The Yangmei Qing is extremely effective for treating opacities. Occasionally, these also contain water, and their usage is the same as Kongqing, differing only in degree of quality. Currently, they are mined from caves in Xinzhou and are known as Yangmei Qing, being extremely rare."