味甘，寒，无毒。主丹毒，烦热，风疹，药石发动，热气奔豚，生研绞汁服。亦煮食
，消肿，下气，压热，解石。用之勿去皮，令人小壅，当是皮寒肉平。圆小绿者佳。又有
（音陟）豆，苗子相似，主霍乱吐下。取叶捣绞汁，和少醋温服，子亦下气。（今附）
臣禹锡等谨按孟诜云∶绿豆，平。诸食法∶作饼炙食之佳。谨按补益，和五脏，安精
神，行十二经脉，此最为良。今人食皆挞去皮，即有少拥气。若愈病，须和皮，故不可去。
又，研汁煮饮服之，治消渴。又，去浮风，益气力，润皮肉，可长食之。日华子云∶绿豆，
冷。
平，无毒。补五脏，益中，助十二经脉，调中，暖肠胃。叶，利五脏，下气。嫩者可
作菜食，生食之亦佳，可常食。〔（新补） 见孟诜及日华子。〕
孙真人食忌∶白豆，味咸。肾之谷，肾病宜食，煞鬼气。
（己酉添加衍义）
味酸，温，无毒。主消痈肿，散水气，杀邪毒。
陶隐居云∶醋酒为用，无所不入，逾以逾良，亦谓之醯。以有苦味，俗呼为苦酒。丹家
又加
余物，谓为华池左味，但不可多食之，损人肌脏。唐本注云∶醋有数种，此言米醋。若蜜醋
、麦醋、曲醋、桃醋、葡萄、大枣、 （音燠）等诸杂果醋及糠糟等醋，会意者亦极酸烈。
只可啖之，不可入药也。臣禹锡等谨按陈藏器云∶醋，破血运，除症块坚积，消食，杀恶
毒，破结气，心中酸水，痰饮。多食损筋骨。然药中用之，当取二、三年米酢良。苏云萄萄、
楚人，土地俭啬，果败犹取以酿醋，糟醋犹不入药，况于果乎。孟
诜云∶醋，多食损人胃。消诸毒瓦斯，能治妇人产后血气运。取美清醋，热煎，稍稍含之即愈
。又，人口有疮，以黄柏皮醋渍，含之即愈。又，牛马疫病，和灌之。服诸药，不可多食。
不可与蛤肉同食，相反。又，江外人多为米醋，北人多为糟醋。发诸药，不可同食。研青木
香服之，止卒心痛、血气等。又，大黄涂肿，米醋飞丹用之。日华子云∶醋，治产后妇人并
伤损及金疮血运，下气，除烦，破症结。治妇人心痛，助诸药力，杀一切鱼、肉、菜毒。又
云米醋功用同醋，多食不益男子，损人颜色。
食疗∶治 癖，醋煎大黄，生者甚效。用米醋佳，小麦醋不及，糟多妨忌。大麦醋，微
寒。
余如小麦也。气滞风壅，手臂、脚膝痛。炒醋糟裹之，三、两易，当瘥。人食多，损腰肌脏。
外台秘要∶治转筋。取古绵以酽醋浸，甑中蒸及热用，裹病患脚，冷更易，勿停，瘥止。又
方∶治风毒肿，白虎病。以三年酽醋五升，热煎三、五沸，切葱白二、三升，煮一沸许漉出，
布
年酽醋和锻石敷之。千金方∶治耳聋。以醇酢微火煎附子，削令尖塞耳效。又方∶治鼻血出
不止
又方∶治舌肿。以酢和釜底墨，浓敷舌上下，脱皮更敷，须臾即消。若洗
佳。又方∶蠼 尿，以酢和
粉敷之。又方∶治霍乱，心腹胀痛，烦满短气
饮一、二升。又方∶治身体
手足卒肿大，醋和蚯蚓屎
易之。肘后方∶治痈已有
以苦酒和雀尿，敷痈头上如小豆大，即穿。又方∶齿痛漱方∶大醋一升煮枸杞白皮一升
，取半升，含之即瘥。又方∶治面多 或似雀卵色者。苦酒渍术，常以拭面，即渐渐除之。
经
却腰脚并耳聋。米醋浸荆三棱，夏浸四日，冬浸六日，杵为末。醋汤调下三
醋，主消痈肿，散水气，
杀邪气。扁鹊云∶多食醋损人骨，能理诸药毒热
。又方∶治蝎螫人，以醋磨附子敷之。钱
相公箧中方∶治百节、蚰蜒并蚁入耳。以苦醋注之，起行即出。又方∶治蜈蚣、蜘蛛毒，
以醋磨
生铁敷之。北梦琐言云∶有少年眼中常见一镜子。赵卿诊之曰∶来晨以鱼脍奉候。及期延于
内，从容久饥，候客退方∶得攀接，俄而台上施一瓯芥醋，更无他味，少年饥甚，闻芥醋
香，轻啜之，逡巡再啜，遂觉胸中豁然，眼花不见。卿云∶君吃鱼脍，脍太多，芥醋不快，
故
光宪家婢抱小儿，不觉落炭火上，便以醋泥敷之，无痕。子母秘录
∶治妊娠月未足，胎死不出。醋煮大豆，服三升，死儿立便分解。如未下再服。又云∶醋二
升
米醋煮四黄，化诸药丹砂、胆矾味。蜀本∶酢、酒有数种，此米酢
也。
衍义曰∶醋，酒糟为之，乞邻者是此物。然有米醋、麦醋、枣醋。米醋最酽，入药多用。
谷
气全也，故胜糟醋。产妇房中常得醋气则为佳，酸益血也。磨雄黄涂蜂虿，亦取其收而不散
也
水生木，水气弱，木气盛，故如是。造靴皮须得此而纹皱，故如其
性收敛，不负酸收之说。
【绿豆】
味甘，性寒，无毒。主治丹毒、烦热、风疹、药石毒性发作、热气奔豚（气从少腹上冲心胸），将生绿豆研碎绞取汁液服用。也可以煮食，能消肿、下气、清热、解石毒。使用时不要去皮，因为去皮后食用会使人轻微气滞，应当是皮性寒而肉性平。圆形细小且绿色的最佳。还有一种豆叫“豉”（音zhí），苗叶相似，主治霍乱引起的呕吐腹泻。取叶子捣碎绞汁，加入少量醋温服，其种子也能下气。（今附）
臣禹锡等人谨按孟诜说：绿豆，性平。各种吃法中：做成饼烤着吃最好。谨按补益功效，能和五脏、安神志、通行十二经脉，这最为良效。现在人吃绿豆都拍打去皮，这就导致轻微气机壅滞。如果是为了治病，必须带皮同用，所以不可去掉。另外，研汁煮水饮用，可治疗消渴症。又能去除浮风、益气力、滋润皮肤肌肉，可以长期食用。日华子说：绿豆，性冷。
性平，无毒。补益五脏，充实中焦，辅助十二经脉，调和脾胃，温暖肠胃。叶子，能利五脏，下气。嫩叶可以做菜吃，生吃也很好，可以经常食用。〔（新补）见孟诜及日华子记载。〕
孙思邈《食疗本草》忌口篇：白豆，味咸。是肾之谷，肾病适宜食用，能驱除鬼气。
（己酉年添加《嘉祐本草》衍义内容）
【醋】
味酸，性温，无毒。主治消痈肿，散水气，杀邪毒。
陶弘景说：醋和酒作为药用，无所不入，越陈越好，也称为“醯”。因为有苦味，俗称为“苦酒”。炼丹家又加入其他物质，称为“华池左味”，但不可多吃，否则会损伤人的肌体脏腑。《唐本草》注解说：醋有多种，这里说的是米醋。如果是蜜醋、麦醋、曲醋、桃醋、葡萄醋、大枣醋、（音yù）等杂果醋以及糠糟醋等，懂得其中意蕴的人也知道它们极酸烈。只可食用，不可入药。臣禹锡等人谨按陈藏器说：醋，能破血瘀，消除症块坚积，消食，杀恶毒，破结气，治疗心中泛酸水、痰饮。多吃会损伤筋骨。然而入药使用，应当选取存放两三年的米醋为佳。苏恭说：葡萄产地如楚地，土地贫瘠，果实腐烂了还拿来酿醋，连糟醋都不入药，何况是果醋呢？孟诜说：醋，多吃损伤人的胃。能消除各种毒瓦斯，能治疗妇人产后血气逆乱。取优质清醋，加热煎煮，慢慢含漱即愈。另外，人口中有疮，用黄柏皮浸泡醋，含漱即愈。还有，牛马疫病，混合灌服。服用药物期间，不可多吃醋。不可与蛤肉同食，二者相反。另外，江南人多为米醋，北方人多用糟醋。醋能引发诸药毒性，不可同食。研磨青木香服用，可止卒然心痛、血气痛等。另外，大黄涂敷肿痛处，用米醋飞制朱砂时使用。日华子说：醋，治疗产后妇人及跌打损伤和金创出血，下气，除烦，破除症结。治疗妇人心痛，辅助诸药效力，杀灭一切鱼、肉、菜毒。又说米醋功用同醋，多吃对男子无益，损害人的面色。
《食疗本草》：治疗癖积，用醋煎大黄，生品效果极佳。用米醋好，小麦醋不及，糟醋多有禁忌。大麦醋，微寒。其余如同小麦醋。对于气滞风壅引起的手臂、脚膝疼痛，炒热醋糟包裹患处，更换三两次，即可痊愈。人如果吃得太多，会损伤腰部和脏腑。
《外台秘要》：治疗转筋。取旧绵絮用浓醋浸湿，在甑中蒸热后使用，包裹患者脚部，冷了再换，不停歇，痊愈为止。另一方：治疗风毒肿、白虎病（历节风）。用三年陈浓醋五升，加热煮沸三五次，切葱白二三升，煮一沸左右捞出，用布包好，趁热用三年陈浓醋调和锻石敷贴患处。《千金方》：治疗耳聋。用醇醋微火煎煮附子，削尖后塞入耳中有效。另一方：治疗鼻出血不止。另一方：治疗舌肿。用醋调和锅底墨（百草霜），厚敷舌头上下，脱皮后再敷，片刻即消退。若清洗更佳。另一方：治疗蠼螋尿（一种皮肤病），用醋调和米粉敷贴。另一方：治疗霍乱，心腹胀痛，烦闷短气，饮用一两升。另一方：治疗身体手足突然肿大，用醋调和蚯蚓屎敷贴，频繁更换。《肘后备急方》：治疗痈疽已有脓头，用苦酒（醋）调和雀鸟尿液，敷在痈头上如小豆大小，即刻穿破。另一方：牙齿疼痛漱口方：大醋一升煮枸杞白皮一升，取半升，含漱即愈。另一方：治疗面部多黑斑或似雀卵色者。用苦酒浸泡白术，经常擦拭面部，即渐渐去除。《经效产宝》：治疗腰痛脚弱并耳聋。米醋浸泡荆三棱，夏季浸泡四天，冬季浸泡六天，捣为末。醋汤调下三钱。醋，主治消痈肿，散水气，杀邪气。扁鹊说：多吃醋损伤人的骨头，能调理诸药毒热。另一方：治疗蝎子蜇人，用醋磨附子敷贴。钱相公箧中方：治疗百节疼痛、蚰蜒及蚂蚁入耳。用苦醋注入耳中，起身行走即排出。另一方：治疗蜈蚣、蜘蛛毒，用醋磨生铁敷贴。《北梦琐言》记载：有个少年眼中常看见一面镜子。赵卿诊断后说：明天早晨以鱼脍招待。到了约定时间，邀请到内室，从容等待，长时间饥饿，等候客人退去后，才得攀谈接话，不久台上放了一碗芥末醋，没有其他味道，少年非常饥饿，闻到芥末醋的香味，轻轻喝了一口，过了一会儿又喝了一口，随即觉得胸中豁然开朗，眼花消失。赵卿说：你吃鱼脍，鱼脍太多，芥末醋不够快，所以……光宪家的婢女抱着小孩，不小心掉在炭火上，便用醋泥敷贴，没有留下疤痕。《子母秘录》：治疗妊娠月份未到，胎死腹中不出。醋煮大豆，服用三升，死胎立刻分解。如果还没下来再服用。又说：醋二升，米醋煮四黄，化开诸药中的丹砂、胆矾味道。《蜀本草》：酢、酒有多种，这是米醋。
《衍义》说：醋，是用酒糟制成的，向邻居乞讨得到的就是这种物品。然而有米醋、麦醋、枣醋之分。米醋最浓烈，入药多用。因为谷气保全完整，所以胜过糟醋。产妇房中常有醋气则为佳，因为酸能益血。磨雄黄涂抹蜂虿叮咬，也是取其收敛而不发散的特性。水生木，水气弱，木气盛，所以如此。制作靴皮需要用它才能使纹理起皱，所以符合其……性收敛，不负“酸收”的说法。
[Green Bean]
Taste is sweet, nature is cold, non-toxic. It mainly treats erysipelas (red skin infection), vexatious heat, wind-rash, toxicity activation from medicinal stones, and "heat qi running pig" (a sensation of Qi rushing from the lower abdomen to the chest). Crush fresh green beans, squeeze out the juice, and take it orally. It can also be boiled and eaten to reduce swelling, direct Qi downward, suppress heat, and resolve stone toxicity. When used, do not remove the skin; removing it may cause slight Qi stagnation in the person. The skin is cold while the flesh is neutral. Small, round, and green ones are best. There is another bean called "Chi" (sound zhí), with similar seedlings, which mainly treats vomiting and diarrhea caused by cholera-like illness. Take the leaves, crush and squeeze out the juice, mix with a little vinegar, and take warm. The seeds also direct Qi downward. (Added now)
Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite Meng Shen: Green bean, nature is neutral. Various dietary methods: Making pancakes and roasting them to eat is excellent. Respectfully citing its tonifying effects, it harmonizes the five Zang organs, calms the spirit, unblocks the twelve meridians, which is the most beneficial. Nowadays, people beat off the skin before eating, which causes slight Qi obstruction. If for treating disease, it must be used with the skin, so it should not be removed. Additionally, crushing and boiling the juice to drink treats diabetes (Xiao Ke). It also removes floating wind, boosts energy, moistens skin and flesh, and can be consumed long-term. Ri Huazi says: Green bean, nature is cold.
Nature is neutral, non-toxic. Tonifies the five Zang organs, benefits the Middle Jiao, assists the twelve meridians, regulates the middle, and warms the stomach and intestines. The leaves benefit the five Zang organs and direct Qi downward. Tender leaves can be used as vegetables; eating them raw is also good and can be consumed regularly. [(Newly added) See records by Meng Shen and Ri Huazi.]
Sun Simiao's Dietary Taboos: White bean, taste is salty. It is the grain of the Kidney, suitable for consumption in Kidney diseases, and can repel ghostly Qi.
(Added during Jiyou year from *Yanyi*)
[Vinegar]
Taste is sour, nature is warm, non-toxic. It mainly treats carbuncles and swellings, dissipates water-Qi, and kills evil toxins.
Tao Hongjing says: Vinegar and wine, when used medicinally, penetrate everywhere; the older, the better. It is also called "Xi". Due to its bitter taste, it is commonly called "Ku Jiu" (Bitter Wine). Alchemists add other substances to it, calling it "Hua Chi Zuo Wei", but it should not be eaten in excess as it damages muscles and viscera. *Tang Ben Cao* notes: There are several types of vinegar; this refers to rice vinegar. If there are honey vinegar, wheat vinegar, yeast vinegar, peach vinegar, grape vinegar, jujube vinegar, (sound yu) and other mixed fruit vinegars, as well as bran dregs vinegar, those who understand their nature know they are extremely sour and sharp. They are only fit for eating, not for medicinal use. Minister Yuxi et al. respectfully cite Chen Cangqi: Vinegar breaks blood stasis, eliminates hard accumulations and masses, aids digestion, kills toxic substances, resolves Qi stagnation, treats acid regurgitation, phlegm-fluid retention. Eating too much damages sinews and bones. However, for medicinal use, two- or three-year-old rice vinegar is best. Su Gong says: In Chu regions where grapes grow, land is poor; even spoiled fruits are used to make vinegar. Even dregs vinegar is not used in medicine, let alone fruit vinegar. Meng Shen says: Vinegar, eating too much damages the stomach. It eliminates various toxic vapors and can treat postpartum blood-Qi disorders in women. Take clear, high-quality vinegar, heat it slightly, and gargle slowly until cured. Also, for oral ulcers, soak Phellodendron bark in vinegar and gargle until cured. For cattle and horse epidemics, mix and administer orally. While taking medications, do not eat much vinegar. Do not consume together with clam meat, as they are contrary. Furthermore, people outside the Yangtze River mostly use rice vinegar, while northerners mostly use dregs vinegar. Vinegar can trigger drug toxicity and should not be taken together with drugs. Grinding Qingmuxiang (Indigofera root) and taking it stops sudden heart pain and blood-Qi pain. Applying Rhubarb paste to swellings uses rice vinegar-flashed Cinnabar. Ri Huazi says: Vinegar treats postpartum women, injuries, and metallic wounds with bleeding; directs Qi downward, relieves vexation, breaks mass formations. Treats women's heart pain, enhances the power of other drugs, and kills all fish, meat, and vegetable toxins. It also states that rice vinegar has the same functions as vinegar; eating too much is not beneficial for men and damages complexion.
*Dietary Therapy*: Treats abdominal masses (Pi); decocting Rhubarb in vinegar is very effective, especially using fresh Rhubarb. Rice vinegar is best; wheat vinegar is inferior; dregs vinegar has many contraindications. Barley vinegar is slightly cold. Others are like wheat vinegar. For Qi stagnation and wind-phlegm obstruction causing arm and knee/leg pain, stir-fry vinegar dregs, wrap around the affected area, change 2-3 times, and it will heal. Humans eating too much damages waist muscles and viscera.
*Waitai Miyao*: Treats muscle cramps (Zhuan Jin). Soak old cotton in strong vinegar, steam in a steamer until hot, wrap around the patient's feet, replace when cold, do not stop until healed. Another prescription: Treats wind-toxin swelling and Baihu disease (Gout/Joint pain). Use five sheng of three-year-strong vinegar, boil vigorously for 3-5 boils, cut 2-3 sheng of white scallion parts, boil for one boil, strain, wrap in cloth, and apply hot with three-year-strong vinegar mixed with calcined lime (Duan Shi) to the swollen area. *Qianjin Fang*: Treats deafness. Decoct Aconite in pure vinegar over low fire, sharpen into a point, and insert into the ear for effect. Another prescription: Treats persistent epistaxis (nosebleed). Another prescription: Treats tongue swelling. Mix vinegar with pot-bottom soot (Baicaoshuang), apply thickly to upper and lower tongue, reapply after peeling, disappears quickly. Washing is better. Another prescription: Treats Quwu urine (skin lesion from insect bite), mix vinegar with flour powder and apply. Another prescription: Treats cholera with abdominal distension/pain, fullness, and shortness of breath; drink 1-2 sheng. Another prescription: Treats sudden swelling of body, hands, and feet; mix vinegar with earthworm excrement and apply, changing frequently. *Zhouhou Beifang*: Treats abscesses that have formed pus heads. Mix Ku Jiu (vinegar) with sparrow urine, apply to the abscess head like a mung bean size, and it will pierce immediately. Another prescription: Toothache gargle formula. Boil one sheng of large vinegar with one sheng of Goji berry bark, obtain half a sheng, gargle until healed. Another prescription: Treats facial freckles or spots resembling bird eggs. Soek Atractylodes macrocephala in Ku Jiu, wipe face often, and spots will gradually disappear. *Jingxiao Chanbao*: Treats lower back and leg weakness and deafness. Soak Sanleng (Sparganium) in rice vinegar; soak for four days in summer, six days in winter, pound into powder. Take three qian with vinegar soup. Vinegar mainly treats carbuncles and swellings, dissipates water-Qi, and kills evil Qi. Bian Que says: Eating too much vinegar damages bones and can regulate drug-induced heat/toxicity. Another prescription: Treats scorpion stings; grind Aconite with vinegar and apply. Qian Xianggong's Chest Prescription: Treats joint pain, centipedes, and ants entering ears. Pour bitter vinegar into the ear; standing up and walking will expel them. Another prescription: Treats centipede and spider venom; grind native iron with vinegar and apply. *Beimeng Suoyan* records: A young man constantly saw a mirror in his eyes. Zhao Qing diagnosed him and said, "Tomorrow morning I will serve you sashimi." At the appointed time, he was invited inside, waited patiently, hungry for a long time, until guests left, then conversed. Soon, a bowl of mustard vinegar was placed on the table, with no other flavors. The young man, being very hungry, smelled the mustard vinegar, took a sip, then another sip shortly after, and suddenly felt his chest open up, and the visual hallucination disappeared. Zhao Qing said, "You ate too much sashimi; the mustard vinegar wasn't fast enough, so..." Guangxian's family maid holding a child accidentally dropped the child on charcoal fire; applying vinegar mud paste left no scar. *Zimu Milu*: Treats premature labor with retained dead fetus. Boil soybeans in vinegar, take three sheng; the dead fetus will immediately disintegrate. If not delivered, take again. It also says: Two sheng of vinegar, boil four yellows (likely referring to specific ingredients or colors) with rice vinegar, dissolving cinnabar and alum flavors. *Shu Ben Cao*: Vinegar and wine have several types; this is rice vinegar.
*Yanyi* says: Vinegar is made from wine lees; what is begged from neighbors is this substance. However, there are rice vinegar, wheat vinegar, and jujube vinegar. Rice vinegar is the strongest and most commonly used in medicine. Because the grain Qi is complete, it surpasses dregs vinegar. Having vinegar Qi in the delivery room is excellent because sourness benefits blood. Grinding Realgar to apply to bee/wasp stings also utilizes its astringent and non-dispersive properties. Water generates Wood; when Water Qi is weak and Wood Qi is abundant, thus it is so. Making boot leather requires this to create wrinkles, thus conforming to its... astringent nature, living up to the theory of "sour astringency".