温。补寒冷虚乏。
陶隐居云∶牛乳、羊乳实为补润，故北人皆多肥健。唐本注云∶北人肥健，不啖咸腥，
方∶
土使然，何关饮乳？陶以未达，故屡有此言。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶羊乳，臣，味甘，无
毒。润心肺，治消渴。孟诜云∶羊乳，治卒心痛，可温服之。日华子云∶羊乳，利大肠。含，
疗口疮，小儿惊痫疾。
陈藏器补虚，小儿含之主口疮。不堪入药，为其膻。食疗补肺肾气，和小肠，亦主消渴，
治
虚劳，益精气，合脂作羹食，补肾虚，亦主女子与男子中风。蚰蜒入耳，以羊乳灌耳中即成
水
。又主小儿口中烂疮，取 羊生乳，含五、六日瘥。外台秘要主小儿哕。羊乳一升煎减半，
分五服。牛乳亦得。千金方∶小儿舌肿，羊乳汁饮之瘥。又方∶主干呕。取羊乳一杯，空心
饮之。千金翼漆疮，羊乳敷之。经验方∶治蜘蛛咬，遍身生丝。羊乳一件饮之。正元十年，
崔员
外
未
几日而平。
微寒。补虚羸，止渴。
陶隐居云∶ 牛为佳，不用新饮者。唐本注云∶水牛乳，造石蜜须之，言作酪浓浓，味
胜牛。 牛乳，性平。生
饮令人痢，熟饮令人口干，微似温也。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本云∶牛乳，味甘，无毒。孟诜云∶
牛乳，寒。患热风人宜服之。
日华子云∶黄牛乳、髓，冷。润皮肤，养心肺，解热毒。
图经文具牛黄条下。
陈藏器黄牛乳，生服利人，下热气，冷补，润肤，止渴。和酥煎三、五沸食之，去冷气
癖
，羸瘦。凡服乳，必煮一、二沸，停冷啜之，热食即壅。不欲顿服，欲得渐消。与酸物相反
，令人腹中结症。凡以乳及溺屎去病，黑牛胜黄牛。食疗患冷气人不宜服之。乌牛乳酪，寒
。主热毒，止渴，除胸中热。圣惠方∶主小儿烦热哕方∶以牛乳二合，姜汁一合，银器中
慢火煎过五、六沸，一岁儿饮半合，量儿大小加减服之。孙真人合生鱼食作瘕。食医心镜主
消渴
，口干。牛乳微寒，补虚羸。广利方∶消渴，心脾中热，下焦虚冷，小便多，渐羸瘦。生牛
、羊乳。渴即饮之三、四合。太平广记贞观中，太宗苦于气痢，众医不效。诏问殿廷左右，
有
能治其疾者，当重赏之。有术士进以乳汁煎荜茇，服之立瘥。
【羊乳】
性温。能补益因寒冷导致的虚乏症状。
陶隐居说：牛乳、羊乳确实是具有补益滋润作用的，所以北方人都长得肥胖健壮。《唐本草》注解说：北方人肥胖健壮，是因为不吃咸味和腥膻食物，这是地理环境造成的，与喝奶有什么关系？陶隐居因为不懂这个道理，所以屡次说出这样的话。臣禹锡等人谨慎地按照《药性论》记载：羊乳，作为臣药，味甘，无毒。能滋润心肺，治疗消渴症。孟诜说：羊乳，能治疗突然发作的心痛，可以温热后服用。日华子说：羊乳，能通利大肠。含在口中，能治疗口疮和小儿惊痫疾。
陈藏器说：羊乳能补虚，小儿含服可治疗口疮。但不适合入药煎煮，因为它有膻味。《食疗本草》说：羊乳能补肺肾之气，调和小肠，也主治消渴症，治疗虚劳，增益精气，配合脂肪做成羹汤食用，能补肾虚，也主治女子和中风病。如果蚰蜒进入耳朵，用羊乳灌入耳中即可化成水流出。又主治小儿口腔内的烂疮，取初生小羊的乳汁，含漱五到六天即可痊愈。《外台秘要》主治小儿呃逆。取羊乳一升煎至减半，分五次服用。牛乳也可以。《千金方》：小儿舌肿，饮用羊乳汁即可痊愈。又一个方子：主治干呕。取一杯羊乳，空腹饮用。《千金翼方》：漆疮，用羊乳敷贴患处。《经验方》：治疗蜘蛛咬伤，全身长出丝状物。饮服一件羊乳。正元十年，崔员外……几天后就平复了。
【牛乳】
性微寒。能补益虚弱消瘦，止渴。
陶隐居说：以水牛乳为佳，不要用新挤出的直接饮用。《唐本草》注解说：制作石蜜必须用水牛乳，说它制作酪时浓厚，味道胜过黄牛乳。黄牛乳，性平。生饮会导致腹泻，熟饮会导致口干，稍微有点温热。臣禹锡等人谨慎地按照《蜀本草》记载：牛乳，味甘，无毒。孟诜说：牛乳，性寒。患有热风病的人适宜服用。
日华子说：黄牛乳及牛髓，性冷。能滋润皮肤，养心肺，解热毒。
《图经本草》在牛黄条目下已有详细记载。
陈藏器说：黄牛乳，生服对人有利，能降热气，属于冷补，滋润皮肤，止渴。与酥一起煎煮三到五沸后食用，能去除冷气癖积，改善羸瘦。凡是服用乳类，必须煮沸一两次，冷却后啜饮，热食就会造成壅滞。不想一次性喝完，想要逐渐消化。与酸味食物相反，会让人腹中出现结块症。凡是使用乳类和溺屎治病，黑牛优于黄牛。《食疗本草》说：患冷气的人不宜服用。乌牛乳酪，性寒。主治热毒，止渴，清除胸中热邪。《圣惠方》：主治小儿烦热呃逆方：用牛乳二合，姜汁一合，在银器中用慢火煎过五到六沸，一岁婴儿饮用半合，根据婴儿大小加减服用。孙真人将生鱼同吃会形成瘕积。《食医心镜》主治消渴，口干。牛乳性微寒，补益虚弱消瘦。《广利方》：治疗消渴，心脾中有热，下焦虚冷，小便多，逐渐消瘦。饮用生牛羊乳。口渴时饮用三到四合。《太平广记》记载：贞观年间，太宗皇帝苦于气痢，众医无效。下诏询问殿廷左右，若有能治愈此病者，当重赏。有位术士进献用乳汁煎煮荜茇的方法，服用后立即痊愈。
[Sheep Milk]
Nature: Warm. Tonifies deficiency and fatigue caused by cold.
Tao Hongjing stated: Cow's milk and sheep's milk are indeed tonifying and moistening; therefore, people in the north tend to be fat and healthy. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: People in the north are fat and healthy not because they do not eat salty or fishy foods; this is due to their geographical environment, what does it have to do with drinking milk? Tao Hongjing, lacking understanding, repeatedly made such statements. Ministers Yu Xi and others carefully followed the *Yaoxing Lun*: Sheep's milk, as a minister herb, has a sweet taste and is non-toxic. It moistens the lungs and heart, and treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome). Meng Shen stated: Sheep's milk treats sudden onset of heart pain and can be taken warm. Ri Huazi stated: Sheep's milk benefits the large intestine. Holding it in the mouth treats mouth sores and pediatric convulsive diseases.
Chen Cangqi stated: Sheep's milk tonifies deficiency; holding it in the mouth of infants treats mouth sores. However, it is unsuitable for decoction due to its gamey odor. *Shiliao Bencao* states: Sheep's milk tonifies Qi of the lungs and kidneys, harmonizes the small intestine, also treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), treats Xu Lao (deficiency labor), and enriches essence and Qi. When combined with fat to make soup, it tonifies kidney deficiency and also treats wind-stroke in women and men. If a centipede enters the ear, pouring sheep's milk into the ear will turn it into water. It also treats rotten sores in children's mouths; taking colostrum from a newborn lamb and holding it in the mouth for five to six days leads to recovery. *Waitai Miyao* treats pediatric hiccups. Take one sheng of sheep's milk, boil until reduced by half, divide into five doses. Cow's milk is also acceptable. *Qianjin Fang*: For swollen tongue in children, drinking sheep's milk milk leads to recovery. Another prescription: Treats dry vomiting. Take one cup of sheep's milk and drink it on an empty stomach. *Qianjin Yifang*: For lacquer dermatitis, apply sheep's milk externally. *Jingyan Fang*: Treat spider bites where silk-like threads grow all over the body. Drink one jian of sheep's milk. In the 10th year of Zhengyuan, Cui Yuanwai... recovered within a few days.
[Cow's Milk]
Nature: Slightly cold. Tonifies emaciation and stops thirst.
Tao Hongjing stated: Water buffalo milk is best; do not use freshly drawn milk. The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Water buffalo milk is required to make rock sugar; it produces thick curd and tastes better than yellow cow's milk. Yellow cow's milk has a neutral nature. Raw consumption causes diarrhea, while cooked consumption causes dry mouth, slightly warming. Ministers Yu Xi and others carefully followed the *Shu Bencao*: Cow's milk has a sweet taste and is non-toxic. Meng Shen stated: Cow's milk is cold. Those suffering from wind-heat should consume it.
Ri Huazi stated: Yellow cow's milk and marrow are cold. They moisten the skin, nourish the lungs and heart, and resolve heat toxins.
*Tujing Bencao* details are recorded under the entry for Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis).
Chen Cangqi stated: Yellow cow's milk, when consumed raw, benefits people by descending heat qi, providing a cold tonic effect, moistening the skin, and stopping thirst. Boiled with butter for three to five boils and consumed removes cold qi accumulation and treats emaciation. Whenever consuming milk, it must be boiled once or twice, cooled down before sipping; hot consumption causes stagnation. It is not desired to consume it all at once, but rather gradually digest it. It is incompatible with sour foods, causing abdominal masses (Zheng Jia). Whenever using milk and urine/feces to treat disease, black cows are superior to yellow cows. *Shiliao Bencao* states: Those with cold qi should not consume it. Black cow's milk and curd are cold. They treat heat toxins, stop thirst, and remove heat from the chest. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats pediatric irritability and hiccups. Prescription: Use two he of cow's milk and one he of ginger juice, slowly boil in a silver vessel for five to six boils. Infants of one year old drink half a he, adjusting dosage based on the child's size. Sun Simiao stated that eating raw fish together forms Jia masses. *Shiyi Xinjing* treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome) and dry mouth. Cow's milk is slightly cold and tonifies emaciation. *Guangli Fang*: Treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome), heat in the heart and spleen, deficiency-cold in the lower jiao, frequent urination, and gradual emaciation. Consume raw cow's and sheep's milk. When thirsty, drink three to four he. *Taiping Guangji* records: During the Zhenguan era, Emperor Taizong suffered from Qi Li (gas dysentery), and many physicians were ineffective. An edict asked those around the palace who could cure his illness would be heavily rewarded. A sorcerer presented a method of boiling Bi Bo (Long Pepper) with milk; upon consumption, he recovered immediately.