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味辛，温，无毒。主中风入脑，头痛，寒痹，筋挛缓急，金疮，妇人血闭，无子，除
脑中冷动，面上游风去来，目泪出，多涕唾，忽忽如醉，诸寒冷气，心腹坚痛，中恶，卒急
肿痛，胁风痛，温中内寒。一名胡穷，一名香果。其叶名蘼芜。生武功川谷、斜谷西岭。
三月、四月采根，曝干。（得细辛疗金疮止痛，得牡蛎疗头风吐逆。白芷为之使。）
陶隐居云∶今唯出历阳，节大茎细，状如马衔，谓之马衔芎 。蜀中亦有而细，人患齿
根血
出者，含之
多瘥。苗名蘼芜，亦入药，别在下说。俗方多用，道家时须尔。胡居土云∶武功去长安二百
里，正长安西，与扶风狄道相近；斜谷是长安西岭下，去长安一百八十里，山连接七百里。
唐本注云∶今出秦州，其人间种者，形块大，重实，多脂润。山中采者瘦细。味苦、辛。以
九月、十月采
为佳。今云三月、四月，虚恶非时也。陶不见秦地芎 ，故云唯出历阳，历阳出者，今不复
用。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶苗似芹、胡荽、蛇床辈，丛生，花白，今出秦州者为善，
九
月采根乃佳。吴氏云∶芎 ，神农、黄帝、岐伯、雷公∶辛，无毒。扁鹊∶酸，无毒。季氏
∶生温，熟寒。或生胡无桃山阴，或泰山，叶香细，青黑文赤如 本。冬夏丛生，五月华赤
，七月实黑，茎端两叶，三月采，根有节，似马衔状。药性论云∶芎 ，臣。能治腰脚软弱
，半身不遂，主胞衣不出，治腹内冷痛。日华子云∶畏黄连。治一切风，一切气，一切劳
损，一切血，补五劳，壮筋骨，调众脉，破症结宿血，养新血，长肉，鼻洪，吐血及溺血，
痔，脑痈，发背，瘰 ，瘿赘，疮疥及排脓，消瘀血。
图经曰∶芎 ，生武功山谷、斜谷西岭。蘼芜，芎 苗也。生雍州川泽及冤句，今关陕、
蜀
川、
江东山中多有之，而以蜀川者为胜。其苗四、五月间生，叶似芹、胡荽、蛇床辈，作丛而茎
细。《淮南子》所谓夫乱人者，若芎 之与 本，蛇床之与蘼芜是也。其叶倍香。或莳于园
庭，则芬馨满径。江东、蜀川人采其叶作饮香，云可以已泄泻。七、八月开白花，根坚瘦
，黄黑色，三月、四月采，曝干。一云九月、十月采为佳，三月、四月非时也。关中出者，
俗呼为京芎，并通用，唯贵形块重实，作雀脑状者，谓之雀脑芎，此最有力也。蘼芜一名蕲
（古芹字）（古方切），古方单用芎 ，含咀以主口齿疾，近世或蜜和作指大丸，欲寝服之，
治
风痰殊佳。
圣惠方∶治妇人崩中下血，昼夜不止。以芎 一两锉，酒一大盏，煎至五分去滓，入生
地黄
汁
二合，煎三两沸，食前分二服。千金方∶治崩中，昼夜不止。芎 八两，清酒五升，煎取二
升
半，分三服。不耐者，徐徐进之。经验后方∶治头风，化痰。川芎不计分量，用净水洗浸，
薄
切片子。日干或焙，杵为末，炼蜜为丸如小弹子大。不拘时，茶、酒嚼下一丸。斗门方∶治
偏
头疼。用京芎细锉，酒浸，服之佳。灵苑方∶治妇人经络，住经三个月。验胎法∶川芎生为
末
，空心浓煎艾汤下一匙头。腹内微动者，是有胎也。续十全方∶治胎忽因倒地，忽举动擎重
促
损，腹中不安及子死腹中。以芎 为末，酒服方寸匕，须臾一、二服，立出。又方∶风齿败
口
臭，但含芎 。御药院方真宗赐高公相国，去痰清目，进饮食。生犀丸∶川芎十两紧小者，
粟米泔浸三日换，切片子，日干，为末作两料。每料入麝、脑各一分，生犀半两，重汤煮，
蜜杵为丸小弹子大。茶、酒嚼下一丸。痰，加朱砂半两。膈雍，加牛黄一分，水飞铁粉一分
。头目昏眩，加细辛一分。口眼 斜，加炮天南星一分。春秋注云麦曲鞠穷，所以御湿。简
文帝劝医文麦曲芎 ，才止河鱼之腹。
衍义曰∶芎 ，今出川中，大块，其里色白，不油色，嚼之微辛、甘者佳。他种不入药，
止
可
为末，煎汤沐浴。此药今人所用最多，头面风不可阙也，然须以他药佐之。沈括云∶予一族
子，旧服芎 ，医郑叔熊见之云，芎 不可久服，多令人曝死，后族子果无疾而卒。又朝士
张子通之妻病脑风，服芎 甚久，亦一旦暴亡。皆目见者。此盖单服耳，若单服既久，则走
散真气。既使他药佐使，又不久服，中病便已，则乌能至此也。
味辛，性温，无毒。主治中风邪气侵入脑部引起的头痛、寒痹导致的筋脉拘挛或弛缓、金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）、妇女经血闭阻导致的不孕症，能消除脑中的冷动感、面部游走不定的风邪、流泪、鼻涕唾液增多、神情恍惚如醉酒状，以及各类寒气所致的心腹坚硬疼痛、中恶（突然感受秽浊邪气）、突发急性的肿痛、胁肋部的风痛，并能温暖中焦、驱除内寒。又名胡穷，又名香果。其嫩叶名为蘼芜。产于武功的川谷和斜谷的西岭。三月、四月采集根部，晒干。（与细辛配伍可治疗金疮止痛，与牡蛎配伍可治疗头风呕吐。白芷为其引经药。）
陶隐居说：现在只有历阳出产，节粗茎细，形状像马嚼子，称为马衔川芎。蜀地也有但较细小，患有齿根出血的人，含服它大多能痊愈。幼苗名为蘼芜，也入药，另在下文说明。世俗方剂多用此药，道家有时也需要它。胡居土说：武功距离长安二百里，正好在长安西边，靠近扶风狄道；斜谷是长安西岭脚下，距离长安一百八十里，山势连绵七百里。
《唐本草》注解说：现在秦州出产的川芎，民间种植的块大、沉重结实、多油脂滋润。山中采挖的则瘦小细长。味道苦、辛。以九月、十月采集为佳。现在说的三月、四月，是错误的且非适宜时节。陶隐居没见到秦地的川芎，所以说只出历阳，历阳出产的现在不再使用。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本图经记载：苗像芹菜、香菜、蛇床一类，丛生，花白色，现在秦州出产的最好，九月采集根部才佳。吴氏说：川芎，神农、黄帝、岐伯、雷公认为味辛，无毒。扁鹊认为味酸，无毒。季氏认为生用性温，熟用性寒。有的生于胡无桃山阴面，有的生于泰山，叶子香细，青色带黑纹，赤色如藁本。冬夏丛生，五月开红花，七月结黑色果实，茎端有两片叶子，三月采集，根部有节，形状像马嚼子。
《药性论》说：川芎，属臣药。能治疗腰脚软弱无力、半身不遂，主胞衣不下，治疗腹内冷痛。
日华子说：畏黄连。治疗各种风证、各种气证、各种劳损、各种血证，补益五劳，强壮筋骨，调和诸脉，破除癥结宿血，滋养新血，促进肌肉生长，治疗鼻衄、吐血及尿血，痔疮，脑痈，发背，瘰疬，瘿瘤赘生物，疮疥以及排脓，消散瘀血。
《图经》说：川芎，产于武功山谷、斜谷西岭。蘼芜，是川芎的幼苗。产于雍州的川泽及冤句，现在关中、陕西、蜀川、江东的山中多有生长，而以蜀川出产的为优。其苗在四、五月间生出，叶像芹菜、香菜、蛇床一类，成丛而茎细。《淮南子》所说扰乱人心的，就像川芎与藁本难辨，蛇床与蘼芜难分一样。它的叶子加倍香。或者种植在庭院中，则芬芳馨香充满小路。江东、蜀川人采集它的叶子做饮香，说可以止住泄泻。七、八月开白花，根坚瘦，黄黑色，三月、四月采集，晒干。另一种说法是九月、十月采集为佳，三月、四月不是适宜时节。关中出产的，俗称为京芎，普遍通用，只贵在形状块重结实，呈雀脑状的，称为雀脑川芎，这药效最强。蘼芜又名蕲（古芹字），古方单用川芎，咀嚼含服以治疗口齿疾病，近世或用蜜调和做成手指粗细的丸药，睡前服用，治疗风痰效果极佳。
《圣惠方》：治疗妇人崩中下血，昼夜不止。用川芎一两锉碎，酒一大盏，煎至五分，去渣，加入生地黄汁二合，煎三两沸，饭前分两次服用。
《千金方》：治疗崩中，昼夜不止。川芎八两，清酒五升，煎取二升半，分三次服用。不耐受者，慢慢进服。
《经验后方》：治疗头风，化痰。川芎不限分量，用净水清洗浸泡，薄切片子。日晒干或焙干，捣为末，炼蜜为丸如小弹子大。不拘时候，茶或酒送服一丸。
《灵苑方》：治疗妇人经络阻滞，停经三个月。验胎法：川芎生研为末，空腹浓煎艾汤，送服一匙头。腹内微动者，是有胎。
《续十全方》：治疗胎儿忽然因跌倒，或忽然举动举重造成损伤，腹中不安及胎死腹中。用川芎为末，酒服方寸匕，一会儿服一、二次，立即排出。又一方：风毒牙齿败坏口臭，只要含服川芎。
《御药院方》真宗赐给高相国，去痰清目，增进饮食。
生犀丸：川芎十两紧小者，用粟米泔水浸泡三天换水，切片子，日晒干，为末分成两份。每份加入麝香、脑各一分，生犀半两，隔水炖煮，蜜捣为丸如小弹子大。茶、酒送服一丸。有痰，加朱砂半两。膈部壅滞，加牛黄一分，水飞铁粉一分。头目昏眩，加细辛一分。口眼歪斜，加炮天南星一分。
《春秋注》云：麦曲鞠穷，所以抵御湿气。简文帝劝医文中提到麦曲川芎，才能止住肠胃之疾。
《衍义》说：川芎，现在出产于四川，大块，里面颜色白，不油润，嚼起来微辛、甘的为佳。其他种类的不能入药，只能制成粉末，煎汤沐浴。此药现在人们使用最多，头面部的风邪不可缺少的药物，然而必须用其他药物辅助。沈括说：我族人的儿子，以前长期服用川芎，医生郑叔熊看见后说，川芎不可久服，多让人暴死，后来族人果然无病而卒。又有朝士张子通的妻子患脑风，服用川芎很久，也有一天突然死亡。都是亲眼所见。这大概是单服的原因，如果单服既久，则会耗散真气。既然有其他药物佐使，又不长期服用，病好了就停止，怎么会导致这种结果呢？
Chuanxiong Rhizome (Chuanxiong)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, non-toxic. It primarily treats headache caused by wind-stroke pathogen invading the brain, cold-bi syndrome causing tendon spasm or flaccidity, metal wounds (trauma from sharp metal objects), amenorrhea leading to infertility in women, eliminates cold sensations in the brain, wandering wind on the face, tearing, excessive nasal discharge and saliva, mental confusion resembling drunkenness, various cold qi causing hardness and pain in the heart and abdomen, sudden attack of foul pathogens (sudden exposure to turbid pathogens), acute swelling and pain, wind-pain in the hypochondrium, warms the middle jiao, and dispels internal cold. Also known as Huqiong, also known as Xiangguo. Its young leaves are called Miwu. It grows in the valleys of Wugong and the west ridge of Xiegu. The roots are harvested in March and April and dried in the sun. (When combined with Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), it treats metal wounds and stops pain; when combined with Ostrea Concha (Muli, 牡蛎), it treats cephalalgia due to wind and vomiting. Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi, 白芷) acts as its guiding herb.)
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, only Liyang produces it, with thick nodes and thin stems, shaped like a horse bit, called Ma-xian Chuanxiong. Shu region also produces it but it is finer; people suffering from bleeding gums can hold it in their mouth, and it often heals. The seedling is called Miwu, which is also used in medicine, described separately below. Secular prescriptions use it frequently, and Daoists sometimes require it. Hu Jutu said: Wugong is two hundred li from Chang'an, directly west of Chang'an, close to Fufeng Didao; Xiegu is at the foot of the west ridge of Chang'an, one hundred and eighty li from Chang'an, with mountains connecting for seven hundred li.
The *Tang Bencao* commentary notes: Currently, Chuanxiong produced in Qinzhou, if cultivated by people, has large chunks, is heavy and solid, and rich in oil. Those harvested from mountains are thin and slender. The taste is bitter and pungent. Harvesting in September and October is best. The current mention of March and April is incorrect and not the appropriate season. Tao did not see Chuanxiong from Qin land, hence he said it only comes from Liyang; Chuanxiong from Liyang is no longer used now. Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully followed the *Shuben Tujing*: The seedlings resemble celery, coriander, and Cnidium seeds, growing in clusters, with white flowers. Chuanxiong from Qinzhou is the best, and harvesting roots in September is ideal. Wu Shi stated: For Chuanxiong, Shennong, the Yellow Emperor, Qibo, and Leigong considered it pungent and non-toxic. Bian Que considered it sour and non-toxic. Ji Shi considered raw form warm and cooked form cold. Some grow in the shade of Huwutao Mountain, some in Mount Tai; leaves are fragrant and fine, green-black with red veins like Ligusticum Wallichii Rhizome (Gaben, 藁本). They grow in clusters in winter and summer, bloom red flowers in May, bear black fruits in July, have two leaves at the stem tip, and are harvested in March; roots have nodes, resembling a horse bit.
*Yaoxing Lun* states: Chuanxiong is a minister herb. It can treat weakness in the waist and legs, hemiplegia, retained placenta, and cold pain in the abdomen.
Ri Hua Zi stated: It fears Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian, 黄连). It treats all wind syndromes, all qi disorders, all exhaustion injuries, all blood disorders, tonifies the five deficiencies, strengthens sinews and bones, regulates various pulses, breaks masses and old blood, nourishes new blood, promotes flesh growth, treats epistaxis, hematemesis, and hematuria, hemorrhoids, brain abscess, back carbuncle, scrofula, goiter and warts, sores and scabies, promotes pus discharge, and dissipates blood stasis.
*Tujing* states: Chuanxiong grows in the valleys of Wugong and the west ridge of Xiegu. Miwu is the seedling of Chuanxiong. It grows in the rivers and marshes of Yongzhou and Yuanju. Currently, there are many in Guanzhong, Shaanxi, Shuchuan, and Jiangdong mountains, with Shuchuan being superior. The seedlings emerge in April and May, leaves resemble celery, coriander, and Cnidium, growing in clusters with thin stems. As mentioned in *Huainanzi*, confusing people is like distinguishing between Chuanxiong and Gaben, or Snake Bed Seed and Miwu. Its leaves are doubly fragrant. If planted in gardens, fragrance fills the paths. People in Jiangdong and Shuchuan harvest its leaves to make incense for drinking, claiming it can stop diarrhea. White flowers open in July and August, roots are hard and thin, yellow-black, harvested in March and April, and dried. Another view says September and October are best, and March and April are not the right time. Those from Guanzhong are commonly called Jingxiong, generally used, but prized for heavy, solid chunks resembling sparrow brains, called Que-nao Chuanxiong, which has the strongest efficacy. Miwu is also known as Qi (ancient character for Celery). Ancient prescriptions used Chuanxiong alone, chewed to treat dental diseases. In recent times, it is sometimes mixed with honey into finger-sized pills taken before sleep, treating wind-phlegm excellently.
*Shenghui Fang*: Treats uterine bleeding in women, day and night without stopping. Take one liang of Chuanxiong, cut into pieces, add one large cup of wine, decoct until reduced to half, remove dregs, add two he of fresh Rehmanniae Radix (Shengdihuang, 生地黄) juice, boil three times vigorously, take divided into two doses before meals.
*Qianjin Fang*: Treats metrorrhagia, day and night without stopping. Take eight liang of Chuanxiong, five sheng of clear wine, decoct to obtain two and a half sheng, divide into three doses. For those intolerant, administer slowly.
*Jingyan Houfang*: Treats cephalalgia due to wind, resolves phlegm. Take Chuanxiong in any amount, wash and soak in clean water, slice thinly. Dry in the sun or bake, pound into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of small marbles. Take one pill chewed with tea or wine at any time.
*Doumen Fang*: Treats hemicrania. Use finely cut Jingxiong, soaked in wine, taken for good effect.
*Lingyuan Fang*: Treats meridian obstruction in women, amenorrhea for three months. Pregnancy test method: Pound raw Chuanxiong into powder, decoct mugwort water strongly, take one spoonful on an empty stomach. Slight movement in the abdomen indicates pregnancy.
*Xu Shiquan Fang*: Treats fetal distress due to sudden falling, or injury from lifting heavy objects causing abdominal discomfort and intrauterine fetal death. Take Chuanxiong powder, administer one cunbi with wine, repeat one or two times shortly after, leads to immediate expulsion. Another prescription: For periodontal disease with bad breath due to wind toxicity, simply hold Chuanxiong in the mouth.
*Yuyao Yuan Fang*: Granted by Emperor Zhenzong to Chancellor Gao, clears phlegm, brightens eyes, promotes appetite.
Shengxi Wan: Take ten liang of tight, small Chuanxiong, soak in millet washing water for three days changing water daily, slice, dry in sun, pound into powder, divide into two batches. Each batch adds one fen of Moschus (Shexiang, 麝香), one fen of Borneolum Syntheticum (Nao, 脑), and half liang of Rhinocerotis Cornu (Shengxi, 生犀), stew over water, mix with honey to make pills the size of small marbles. Take one pill chewed with tea or wine. Add half liang of Cinnabar (Zhusha, 朱砂) for phlegm. Add one fen of Bovis Calculus (Niuhuang, 牛黄) and one fen of Ferrum Preparatum (Tiefen, 铁粉) for chest congestion. Add one fen of Asari Radix (Xixin, 细辛) for dizziness of head and eyes. Add one fen of prepared Pinelliae Tuber (Paotian Nanxing, 炮天南星) for facial paralysis.
*Chunqiu Zhu* notes: Wheat yeast and Juqiong are used to resist dampness. In Emperor Jianwen's advice to physicians regarding wheat yeast and Chuanxiong, it can stop intestinal fish-disease (diarrhea).
*Yanyi* states: Chuanxiong currently produced in Sichuan forms large chunks, white inside, not oily; those that taste slightly pungent and sweet when chewed are best. Other varieties are not suitable for medicine, only for powder or decoction for bathing. This herb is currently most widely used; it is indispensable for wind affecting the head and face, but must be assisted by other herbs. Shen Kuo said: A relative of mine previously took Chuanxiong long-term. Doctor Zheng Shuxiong saw this and said Chuanxiong should not be taken long-term as it may cause sudden death. Later, my relative indeed died suddenly without illness. Also, the wife of court official Zhang Zitong suffered from cephalic wind, took Chuanxiong for a long time, and also died suddenly one day. These were witnessed personally. This is likely due to single administration. If taken singly for a long time, it disperses true qi. However, if assisted by other herbs and not taken long-term, stopping when the disease is cured, how could such results occur?