味苦，平一云寒。除面目及舌下黄，强力不睡。折取茎中白汁，敷疔肿，出根
。又取汁滴痈上，立溃。碎茎、叶敷蛇咬。根主赤白痢及骨蒸，并煮服之。今人种为菜，生
食之。久食轻身，少睡，调十二经脉，利五脏，霍乱后胃气逆烦。生捣汁饮之，虽冷，甚益
人。不可同血食（一本作蜜），食作痔疾，苦苣即野苣也，野生者，又名KT 苣。今人家常
食为
白苣。江外、岭南、吴人无白苣，尝植野苣，以供厨馔。（新补）
衍义曰∶苦苣，捣汁敷疔疮，殊验。青苗阴干，以备冬月，为末，水调敷。
味苦，平，无毒。主安中，利人，可久食。
陶隐居云∶长安中乃有苜蓿园，北人甚重此，江南人不甚食之，以无味故也。外国复别
有
苜蓿草，以疗目，非此类也。唐本注云∶苜蓿茎、叶平，根寒。主热病，烦满，目黄赤，小
便
升，令人吐利，即愈。臣禹锡等谨按孟诜云∶患疸黄人，取根生
捣，绞汁服之，良。又，利五脏，轻身；洗去脾胃间邪气，诸恶热毒。少食好，多食当冷气
入
健人，更无诸益。日华子云∶凉，去腹脏邪气，脾胃间热气，通小
肠。
食疗∶彼处人采根，作土黄 也。又，安中，利五脏，煮和酱食之，作羹亦得。
衍义曰∶苜蓿，唐·李白诗云∶天马常衔苜蓿花，是此。陕西甚多，饲牛、马。嫩时，
人兼
食之，微甘淡，不可多食，利大小肠。有宿根，刈讫又生。
【苦苣】
味苦，性平（一说性寒）。能消除面目及舌下的黄疸，使人精力充沛且不易困倦。折断茎秆取其中的白色汁液，外敷治疗疔疮肿毒，连根一起使用。又取汁液滴在痈疽上，能使痈疽立即溃破。将茎、叶捣碎后外敷可治疗蛇咬伤。根部主治赤白痢疾及骨蒸潮热，均煎煮后服用。如今人们种植它作为蔬菜，生吃。长期食用可使身体轻健，睡眠减少，调理十二经脉，通利五脏，对于霍乱之后胃气上逆、心烦的症状，将根茎捣烂取汁饮用，虽然性质寒凉，但非常有益于人。不可与血类食物同食（另一版本作蜂蜜），否则会导致痔疮发作。苦苣就是野苣，野生者又名KT苣。如今家常食用的为白苣。长江以外、岭南、吴地没有白苣，曾经种植野苣以供厨房食用。（新补）
衍义曰：苦苣，捣汁外敷治疗疔疮，效果显著。青苗阴干，以备冬季使用，研成粉末，用水调匀后外敷。
【苜蓿】
味苦，性平，无毒。主要作用是安定中焦，对人有利，可以长期食用。
陶隐居说：长安城中才有苜蓿园，北方人非常重视这种植物，江南人不怎么吃它，因为觉得没有味道。外国另有另一种苜蓿草，用来治疗眼病，不是这一类。唐本注说：苜蓿的茎、叶性平，根性寒。主治热病、烦闷胀满、目黄赤、小便不利，服用后让人吐泻，病即痊愈。臣禹锡等谨按孟诜说：患黄疸病的人，取根部生捣，绞汁服用，效果很好。另外，能通利五脏，使身体轻健；洗去脾胃间的邪气，清除各种恶热毒。少量食用好，多食则寒气入体损害人体，不再有其他的益处。日华子说：性凉，去除腹脏邪气，清除脾胃间的热气，通利小肠。
食疗：当地人采集根部，制作成土黄色（此处原文可能有缺字或异体，依文意理解为加工品）。另外，能安定中焦，通利五脏，煮后调和酱料食用，做成羹汤也可以。
衍义曰：苜蓿，唐代李白诗中说：“天马常衔苜蓿花”，指的就是这种植物。陕西地区很多，用于饲养牛、马。嫩的时候，人们也兼食之，味道微甘淡，不可多吃，能通利大小肠。有宿根，割完后又能再生。
[Ku Ju (Sonchus oleraceus / Sow Thistle)]
Taste is bitter, nature is neutral (another opinion says cold). It eliminates jaundice of the face and eyes and under the tongue, strengthens the body, and reduces the need for sleep. Break the stem to obtain the white juice, apply externally to treat ding sores (hard, deep-rooted abscesses), using the root as well. Also, take the juice and drip it onto carbuncles, causing them to suppurate immediately. Crush the stems and leaves and apply externally to treat snake bites. The root primarily treats bloody and non-bloody dysentery and bone-steaming fever (a sensation of heat emanating from the bones, often associated with chronic deficiency), both taken after decoction. Nowadays, people cultivate it as a vegetable and eat it raw. Long-term consumption makes the body feel light, reduces sleep, regulates the twelve meridians, benefits the five zang organs, and addresses rebellious stomach qi and irritability following cholera-like disease. Crushing and extracting the juice to drink, although cold in nature, is very beneficial to humans. It should not be consumed together with blood products (one version says honey), as doing so may cause hemorrhoids. Ku Ju is also known as wild lettuce; the wild variety is also called KT Ju. The variety commonly eaten by households today is white lettuce. Outside the Yangtze River region, Lingnan, and Wu areas, white lettuce is absent; they once cultivated wild lettuce for kitchen use. (Newly supplemented)
Yanyi states: Ku Ju, when crushed for juice and applied externally to ding sores, shows remarkable efficacy. Dry the green seedlings in the shade for winter use, grind into powder, mix with water, and apply externally.
[Mu Xu (Medicago sativa / Alfalfa)]
Taste is bitter, nature is neutral, non-toxic. It primarily stabilizes the middle jiao, benefits the person, and can be consumed for a long time.
Tao Hongjing said: There were alfalfa gardens only in Chang'an during the Han dynasty. Northerners valued this highly, while Southerners did not eat it much because it lacked flavor. Foreign countries have another type of alfalfa grass used to treat eye diseases, which is not this category. Tang Ben Zhu states: The stems and leaves of alfalfa are neutral, and the root is cold. It treats febrile diseases, irritability and fullness, yellow and red eyes, and difficult urination. Inducing vomiting and diarrhea leads to recovery. Chen Yuxi et al., according to Meng Shen, stated: For patients with jaundice, take the root, crush it raw, extract the juice, and drink it; this is effective. Additionally, it benefits the five zang organs and makes the body feel light; it clears evil qi from the spleen and stomach and removes various malignant heat toxins. Small amounts are good; excessive consumption introduces cold qi that harms the person, negating other benefits. Ri Hua Zi stated: It is cool, removes evil qi from the abdominal viscera, clears heat qi from the spleen and stomach, and promotes urination through the small intestine.
Shiliao: People in those regions harvest the roots to make [processed product]. Additionally, it stabilizes the middle jiao and benefits the five zang organs; it can be boiled and eaten with sauce, or made into soup.
Yanyi states: Alfalfa. Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty wrote in his poem: "Heavenly horses often hold alfalfa flowers," referring to this plant. It is abundant in Shaanxi and used to feed cattle and horses. When tender, people also eat it; it has a slightly sweet and bland taste. Do not eat too much, as it promotes bowel movements. It has perennial roots and regrows after cutting.