\r茈（柴字）胡（为君）\pd79.bmp\r
味苦，平、微寒，无毒。主心腹，去肠胃中结气，饮食积聚，寒热邪气
，推陈致新，除伤寒心下烦热，诸痰热结实，胸中邪逆，五脏间游气，大肠停积水胀及湿痹
拘挛，亦可作浴汤。久服轻身，明目，益精。一名地熏，一名山菜，一名茹草，叶一名芸蒿
，辛香可食。生洪农川谷及冤句。二月，八月采根，曝干。得茯苓、桔梗、大黄、石膏、麻
子仁、甘草、桂，以水一斗，煮取四升，入硝石三方寸匕，疗伤寒，寒热头痛，心下烦满。
半夏为之使，恶皂荚，畏女菀、藜芦。
陶隐居云∶今出近道，状如前胡而强。《博物志》云∶芸蒿，叶似邪蒿，春秋有白 （音
弱）
，长四、五寸，香美可食，长安及河内并有之。此茈胡疗伤寒第一用。唐本注云∶茈是古柴
字。《上林赋》云茈姜，及《尔雅》云藐（音邈），茈草。并作茈字。且此草，根紫色，今太
常用茈胡是也。又以木代系，相承呼为茈胡。且检诸本草，无名此者。伤寒大、小茈胡汤，
最为痰气之要。若以芸蒿根为之，更作茨音，大谬矣。臣禹锡等谨按药性论云∶茈胡，能
治
热劳，骨节烦疼，热气，肩背疼痛，宣畅血气，劳乏羸瘦，主下气消食，主时疾内外热不解
，单煮服良。萧炳云∶主痰满，胸胁中痞。日华子云∶味甘。补五劳七伤，除烦止惊，益气
力，消痰止嗽，润心肺，添精补髓，天行温疾，热狂乏绝，胸胁气满，健忘。
图经曰∶柴胡，生洪农山谷及冤句，今关陕、江湖间近道皆有之，以银州者为胜。二月
生苗
甚香。茎青紫，叶似竹叶，稍紧，亦有似斜蒿，亦有似麦门冬而短者。七月开黄花。生丹州
，结青子，与他处者不类。根赤色，似前胡而强，芦头有赤毛如鼠尾，独窠长者好。二月、
八月采根，曝干。张仲景治伤寒有大、小柴胡及柴胡加龙骨、柴胡加芒硝等汤。故后人治
寒热，此为最要之药。
陈藏器陶云∶芸蒿是茈胡，主伤寒。苏云∶紫姜作紫，此草紫色。《上林赋》云∶茈姜，
今
常用茈胡是也。雷公曰∶凡使，茎长软，皮赤，黄髭须。出在平州平县，即今银州银县也。
西
畔生处，多有白鹤、绿鹤于此翔处，是茈胡香直上云间，若有过往闻者皆气爽。凡采得后去
髭并头，用银刀削上赤薄皮少许，却以粗布拭了，细锉用之。勿令犯火，立便无效也。孙尚
药∶治黄胆。柴胡一两去苗，甘草一分，上都细锉，作一剂，以水一碗，白茅根一握，同煎
至七分，绞去滓，任意
时时服，一日尽。别说云∶谨按柴胡，唯银夏者最良，根如鼠尾，长一、二尺，香味甚佳。
今虽不见于《图经》，俗亦不识其真，故市人多以同华者代之，然亦胜于他处者，盖银夏地
多沙，同华亦沙苑所出也。
衍义曰∶茈胡，《本经》并无一字治劳，今人治劳方中，鲜有不用者。呜呼！凡此误世
甚多
尝原病劳，有一种真脏虚损，复受邪热，邪因虚而致劳，故曰劳者牢也。当须斟酌用之。如
《经验方》中，治劳热青蒿煎丸。用茈胡正合宜耳，服之无不效，热去即须急已。若或无
热
，得此愈甚，虽至死，人亦不怨，目击甚多。日华子又谓补五劳七伤。《药性论》亦谓治劳
乏羸瘦。若此等病，苟无实热，医者执而用之，不死何待！注释本草，一字亦不可忽，盖万
世之后，所误无穷耳。苟有明哲之士，自可处治。中下之学，不肯考究，枉致沦没，可不谨
哉！可不戒哉！如张仲景治寒热往来如疟状，用柴胡汤，正合其宜。
【柴胡】
味苦，性平或微寒，无毒。主治心腹部的病症，消除肠胃中的结滞之气，治疗饮食积聚，驱除寒热邪气，推陈出新，去除伤寒引起的心下烦热，以及各种痰热结实、胸中邪气上逆、五脏间的游移之气、大肠停积水肿胀满以及湿痹引起的拘挛疼痛，也可以用来制作药浴汤剂。长期服用可使人身体轻健，明目，益精。又名地熏，又名山菜，又名茹草，其叶名为芸蒿，气味辛香可以食用。生长在弘农山谷及冤句地区。二月和八月采集根部，晒干。与茯苓、桔梗、大黄、石膏、麻子仁、甘草、桂枝配合，用水一斗，煮取四升，加入三方寸匕的硝石，用于治疗伤寒，症状包括寒热头痛、心下烦闷。半夏作为它的引经药，厌恶皂荚，畏惧女菀、藜芦。
陶隐居说：现在出产于近道地区，形状像前胡但质地更强壮。《博物志》说：芸蒿，叶子像邪蒿，春秋季节有白色的花（音同“弱”），长四、五寸，香气美味可以食用，长安及河内都有出产。这种茈胡是治疗伤寒的第一要药。唐本注说：茈是古体的柴字。《上林赋》中提到茈姜，以及《尔雅》中提到藐（音同“邈”），即茈草。都写作茈字。况且这种草，根部呈紫色，就是现在最常用的茈胡。又因为用木字旁代替系字旁，相承呼为茈胡。并且查阅各种本草，没有名字这样写的。伤寒大、小柴胡汤，是最为治疗痰气的重要方剂。如果用芸蒿根来代替，那就大错特错了。臣禹锡等人谨按《药性论》说：茈胡，能治疗热劳，骨节烦疼，热气，肩背疼痛，宣畅血气，治疗劳乏羸瘦，主降气消食，主治时疾内外热不解，单煮服用效果良好。萧炳说：主治痰满，胸胁中痞闷。日华子说：味甘。补五劳七伤，除烦止惊，益气力，消痰止嗽，润心肺，添精补髓，治疗天行温疾，热狂乏绝，胸胁气满，健忘。
《图经》说：柴胡，生长在弘农山谷及冤句，现在关陕、江湖间近道都有出产，以银州出产的最好。二月生苗，非常香。茎青紫色，叶子像竹叶，稍紧，也有像斜蒿的，也有像麦门冬但较短的。七月开黄花。生在丹州的，结青色果实，与其他地方出产的不一样。根部赤色，像前胡但更强壮，芦头有红色绒毛像鼠尾，独窠生长的较长的好。二月、八月采集根部，晒干。张仲景治疗伤寒有大、小柴胡汤及柴胡加龙骨汤、柴胡加芒硝汤等方剂。所以后人治疗寒热往来，这是最重要的药物。
陈藏器引用陶隐居的话说：芸蒿是茈胡，主治伤寒。苏恭说：紫姜作紫解，这种草颜色紫色。《上林赋》说：茈姜，就是现在常用的茈胡。雷公说：凡是使用的，茎长软，皮赤色，黄色胡须。出产在平州平县，即现在的银州银县。西边出产的地方，多有白鹤、绿鹤在此飞翔，是因为茈胡香气直上云间，如果有过往的人闻到，都会感到精神清爽。凡是采得后去掉胡须和头部，用银刀削去上面少许红色薄皮，然后用粗布擦拭干净，细锉后用。不要让火接触，否则立刻无效。孙尚药：治疗黄疸。柴胡一两去苗，甘草一分，都细锉，作为一剂，用水一碗，白茅根一把，同煎至七分，过滤去渣，任意时候服用，一天服完。别说云：谨按柴胡，只有银夏出产的最良，根像鼠尾，长一、二尺，香味甚佳。现在虽然不在《图经》中记载，俗人也无法识别其真伪，所以市人多以同华出产的代替，但也胜于其他地方出产的，大概银夏地方多沙土，同华也是沙苑出产的。
《衍义》说：茈胡，《本经》中并没有一个字提到治疗劳损，现在人治疗劳损的方子中，很少有不用它的。唉！凡此误世很多。曾经探究病因劳损，有一种是真脏虚损，又受邪热，邪气因虚而致劳，所以说劳者牢也。应当斟酌使用。如《经验方》中，治疗劳热青蒿煎丸。用茈胡正合适，服用没有不有效的，热去就要立即停止。如果并没有热，得到这个反而更严重，即使致死，人们也不怨恨，亲眼目睹的很多。日华子又说补五劳七伤。《药性论》也说治劳乏羸瘦。如果是这些病，假如没有实热，医生固执地使用它，不死还等什么！注释本草，一字也不可忽视，大概万世之后，所误无穷尽啊。如果有明智之士，自然可以处置。中等以下的学问，不肯考究，枉自沦没，可不谨慎吗！可不警惕吗！如张仲景治疗寒热往来如疟状，用柴胡汤，正合其宜。
[Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral or slightly cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats disorders of the heart and abdomen, eliminates stagnant Qi in the stomach and intestines, resolves food accumulation, expels pathogenic cold and heat, promotes the elimination of stale substances and the generation of new ones, removes mental restlessness and heat below the epigastrium caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage), resolves various phlegm-heat solidities, counters rebellious pathogenic Qi in the chest, dissipates wandering Qi among the five Zang organs, treats water retention and distension in the large intestine, and spasm and contraction due to Bi syndrome caused by dampness. It can also be used to prepare medicinal bath decoctions. Long-term consumption lightens the body, brightens the eyes, and benefits Jing (Essence). Alternative names include Di Xun (Earth Smoke), Shan Cai (Mountain Vegetable), and Ru Cao (Herb Grass). The leaf is called Yun Hao (Artemisia argyi-like herb), which has a pungent aroma and is edible. It grows in the valleys of Hongnong and Yuanju. The roots are harvested in February and August and dried in the sun. When combined with Poria (Fuling), Platycodon Root (Jiegeng), Rhubarb (Dahuang), Gypsum (Shigao), Hemp Seed (Maziren), Licorice (Gancao), and Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi), using one dou of water to boil down to four sheng, adding three fang cun bi of Niter (Xiaoshi), it treats Shanghan with symptoms of alternating chills and fever, headache, and mental fullness below the epigastrium. Pinellia (Banxia) serves as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Soap Fruit (Zaojiao) and fears Lady Wan (Nüwan) and Veratrum (Lilu).
Tao Hongjing stated: It is now produced in nearby regions, resembling Qian Hu (Peucedani Radix) but stronger. "Bowuzhi" states: Yun Hao has leaves similar to Xie Hao; in spring and autumn, it bears white flowers (pronounced 'ruo'), four to five inches long, fragrant and delicious, edible, found in Chang'an and Henei. This Chai Hu is the primary herb for treating Shanghan. Tang Ben Zhu noted: 'Zi' is the ancient character for 'Chai'. "Shanglin Fu" mentions Zi Jiang, and "Erya" mentions Miao (pronounced 'miao'), the Zi grass. All are written with the character 'Zi'. Moreover, this herb has a purple root, which is the commonly used Chai Hu today. It was later referred to as Chai Hu due to the substitution of the wood radical for the silk radical. Checking various Materia Medica, no such name exists. The Da Chai Hu Tang and Xiao Chai Hu Tang for Shanghan are crucial formulas for resolving phlegm-Qi disorders. Using Yun Hao root instead would be a major error. Minister Yuxi et al., according to "Yaoxing Lun", stated: Chai Hu can treat Heat Lao (Consumption), bone joint pain, heat sensation, shoulder and back pain, unblocks and smooths Blood and Qi, treats fatigue and emaciation, directs Qi downward and aids digestion, and treats persistent internal and external heat from seasonal epidemics; boiling it alone is effective. Xiao Bing stated: It treats Phlegm-fullness and stagnation in the chest and hypochondrium. Ri Hua Zi stated: Taste is sweet. It tonifies the Five Laos and Seven Injuries, relieves restlessness and fright, boosts Qi and strength, resolves phlegm and stops cough, moistens the Heart and Lungs, replenishes Essence and Marrow, treats epidemic warm diseases, mania and exhaustion, chest and hypochondriac fullness, and forgetfulness.
"Tujing" stated: Chai Hu grows in the valleys of Hongnong and Yuanju; it is now found in Guanshan, Jianghu, and other nearby regions, with those from Yinzhou being superior. Sprouts appear in February, very fragrant. Stems are greenish-purple; leaves resemble bamboo leaves, slightly tight, some like Xie Hao, some like Ophiopogon (Mendong) but shorter. Yellow flowers bloom in July. Those grown in Danzhou bear green fruits, distinct from others. Roots are reddish, resembling Qian Hu but stronger, with a red hairy crown like a rat's tail; single-clustered, longer roots are preferred. Harvested in February and August, dried in the sun. Zhang Zhongjing used Da Chai Hu Tang, Xiao Chai Hu Tang, Chai Hu Jia Longgu Tang, and Chai Hu Jia Mangxiao Tang for treating Shanghan. Thus, for subsequent generations treating alternating chills and fever, this is the most important herb.
Chen Cangqi quoted Tao Hongjing: Yun Hao is Chai Hu, mainly treating Shanghan. Su Gong said: 'Zi' implies purple; this herb is purple. "Shanglin Fu" mentions Zi Jiang, which is the commonly used Chai Hu today. Lei Gong said: For usage, stems are long and soft, skin is red, with yellow hairs. Produced in Pingzhou Ping County, i.e., present-day Yinzhou Yin County. In western production areas, many white and green cranes fly there because the fragrance of Chai Hu rises straight into the clouds; passersby who smell it feel refreshed. After harvesting, remove the hairs and head, shave off a little of the red thin skin with a silver knife, wipe clean with coarse cloth, finely chop, and use. Avoid fire contact, otherwise it becomes ineffective. Sun Shangyao: Treats Jaundice. Chai Hu 1 liang (deprived of sprouts), Gancao 1 fen, both finely chopped, as one dose. Boil with one bowl of water and a handful of Imperata Rhizome (Baimaogen) until reduced to 0.7 parts, filter dregs, and take at any time, finishing within one day. Bieshuo noted: According to records, only Chai Hu from Yinxia is best; roots resemble rat tails, 1-2 chi long, with excellent fragrance. Although not recorded in "Tujing" currently, common people cannot identify the true variety, so market vendors often substitute Tonghua produce, which is still superior to other regions. This is likely because Yinxia has sandy soil, and Tonghua is also produced in Shayan.
"Yanyi" stated: "Benjing" contains not a single word about treating Lao (Consumption), yet modern formulas for Lao rarely omit it. Alas! Many such errors mislead the world. Investigating the pathology of Lao, there is a type involving true Zang deficiency complicated by pathogenic heat, where pathogens cause Lao due to deficiency; hence, Lao is described as "firm/stubborn". It must be used with discretion. For example, in "Jingyan Fang", Qinghao Jian Wan for treating Lao-heat uses Chai Hu appropriately; it is invariably effective, but should be stopped immediately once heat subsides. If there is no heat, using it worsens the condition; even death may result, though patients do not blame the doctor, as witnessed frequently. Ri Hua Zi also claimed it tonifies the Five Laos and Seven Injuries. "Yaoxing Lun" also stated it treats fatigue and emaciation. For such conditions, if there is no excess heat, and physicians persistently use it, death is inevitable! Annotations in Materia Medica must not be ignored, as errors will affect countless generations. Wise scholars can judge correctly. Those with mediocre learning, unwilling to investigate, will suffer ruin; how can one not be cautious? How can one not beware? For instance, Zhang Zhongjing used Chai Hu Tang for alternating chills and fever resembling malaria, which is precisely appropriate.