注陶公云∶南人又呼平泽中一藤如菝 为余粮。言禹采此当粮，根如盏连缀，半
在土上，皮如茯苓，肉赤，味涩，人取以当谷，不饥，调中止泄，健行不睡。云昔禹会诸
侯，弃粮于地，化为此草，故名余粮。今多生海畔山谷。
莎草注陶云∶别有鼠蓑草，治体异此。有名无用条有蓑草，味苦，寒。主温疟寒
热，酸斯利气。生淮南山谷，即此也。
杜若注陶云∶若似廉，按廉姜，热。主胃中冷，吐水不下食。似姜，生岭南、剑南，
人多食之。
虫石蚕注陶云∶今俗用草根，黑色，按草石蚕，生高山石上，根如箸，上有毛，节
如蚕，叶似卷柏。山人取浸酒，除风破血，主溪毒，煮食之。《本经》从虫部出，复有虫石
蚕，已出拾遗。
杉木注陶云∶叶细，多生石间。按漆姑草，如鼠迹大，生阶墀间阴处，气辛烈。
主漆疮，挪碎敷之，热更易。亦主溪毒疮。苏云∶此蜀羊泉，羊泉是大草非细者，乃同
名耳
豆蔻注陶云∶麂目小冷。按麂目云∶出岭南，如麂目，食之发冷痰，余别无功。
蚺蛇注陶云∶蛇胆如梨豆，生江南。蔓如葛，子如皂荚子，作狸首文，故名梨豆。《
尔雅》云∶虑，涉子。人炒食之，一名虎涉，别无功。
瓜两蒂、两鼻害人。瓜瓠正苦有毒。檐溜滴着菜有毒。堇黄花害人。芹赤叶害人。
菰首蜜食下痢。生葱不得杂白犬肉食之，令人九窍流血。食戎葵并鸟肉，令人面无颜色。食
葵发狂犬咬。食葫葱、青鱼令人腹生虫。薤不得和牛肉食，成症瘕痼疾。妇人妊娠食干姜，
令胎肉消。生葱和鸡子食变嗽。蓼齑食生食，令气夺乏，令阴痿。九月食霜下瓜，血必冬发
。三月不得食陈菹，夏热病发恶疮。瓠牛践苗子即苦。
【草禹余粮】陶弘景注解说：南方人又称沼泽中的藤蔓植物“菝葜”为余粮。传说大禹采集这种植物作为粮食，其根茎像杯盏一样连接在一起，一半露出地面，外皮像茯苓，肉质呈红色，味道涩口，人们取来代替谷物食用，可以止饥，能调理中焦、止住泄泻，使人精力充沛、行动敏捷且不需要睡眠。传说从前大禹会见诸侯时，将粮食丢弃在地上，化作了这种草，所以名叫余粮。现在多生长在海岸边的山谷中。
【莎草】陶弘景注解说：另有鼠蓑草，治疗功效与此不同。有名无用的条目中有蓑草，味苦，性寒。主治温疟引起的寒热往来，酸斯（可能指某种症状或药物别名）能利气。生长于淮南山谷，就是这种莎草。
【杜若】陶弘景注解说：杜若类似廉姜，按廉姜而言，性热。主治胃中寒冷，呕吐清水、无法进食。杜若形状像姜，生长在岭南、剑南地区，人们经常食用它。
【虫石蚕】陶弘景注解说：现在民间常用草根，颜色黑色。按草石蚕来看，生长在高山岩石上，根部像筷子，上面有毛，节段像蚕，叶子像卷柏。山民将其浸泡在酒中饮用，可祛风破血，主治溪毒，煮熟后食用。《神农本草经》将其归入虫部，另外还有一种虫石蚕，已在《拾遗》篇中列出。
【杉木】陶弘景注解说：杉树叶细小，多生长在石缝间。按漆姑草来看，大小如鼠迹，生长在台阶间的阴湿处，气味辛烈。主治漆疮，捣碎外敷，发热时更换敷料。也主治溪毒疮。苏恭说：这是蜀羊泉，但蜀羊泉是大株草本而非细小的，只是同名罢了。
【豆蔻】陶弘景注解说：麂目草性小冷。按麂目草记载：出产于岭南，形状像麂的眼睛，食用后会引发冷痰，没有其他功效。
【蚺蛇相关植物】陶弘景注解说：梨豆的胆像梨和豆子一样，生长在江南。藤蔓像葛藤，种子像皂荚子，表面有狸猫头部的花纹，所以名叫梨豆。《尔雅》说：虑，即涉子。人们炒熟后食用，又名虎涉，没有其他功效。
【瓜果蔬菜禁忌】瓜有两个蒂或两个鼻孔的会害人。瓠瓜如果味道正苦则有毒。屋檐滴下的雨水落在菜上有毒。堇菜开黄花会害人。芹菜如果是赤叶会害人。菰米头部用蜂蜜食用会导致痢疾。生葱不能与白犬肉混合食用，否则令人九窍流血。食用戎葵并吃鸟肉，会使人脸面无血色。食用葵菜会诱发狂犬病发作。食用葫葱和青鱼会在腹中生出虫子。薤不能和牛肉一起食用，否则会形成症瘕（腹部结块）等顽固疾病。妇女妊娠期间食用干姜，会导致胎儿肌肉萎缩。生葱和鸡蛋一起食用会引起咳嗽。生食蓼菜制成的腌菜，会耗夺人体正气，导致乏力，引起阳痿。九月食用经霜后的瓜，血液必定在冬季发病。三月不得食用陈年的酸菜，否则夏季热病发作时会生恶疮。牛踩踏过的瓠瓜苗结出的果实味道会变苦。
[Caoyu Yuliang (Herb of Yu's Grain)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: People in the south also call a vine found in marshes, *Smilax* (Baqie), as Caoyu Yuliang. It is said that Yu the Great gathered this plant for food; its rhizomes are connected like cups, half exposed above ground, with skin resembling Poria (Fuling) and red flesh, possessing an astringent taste. People used it to replace grain, which could relieve hunger, regulate the Middle Jiao (middle burner), stop diarrhea, and enhance physical strength and agility while reducing the need for sleep. Legend has it that when Yu the Great met various feudal lords, he discarded his rations on the ground, which transformed into this herb, hence the name Caoyu Yuliang. It is now mostly found in valleys near the sea coast.
[Shacao (Cyperus rotundus)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: There is another herb called Shusuo Cao (Mouse Sheath Herb), whose therapeutic effects differ from this. In the category of "Named but Useless," there is Suo Cao, which tastes bitter and is cold in nature. It primarily treats the alternating chills and fever of Warm Malaria (Wen Nue). Suan Si (possibly a specific symptom or variant name) promotes the flow of Qi. It grows in the mountains and valleys of Huai River region, which is this Cyperus rotundus.
[Duruo (Pollia japonica)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: Duruo resembles Lian Jiang (Ginger). According to descriptions of Lian Jiang, it is hot in nature. It treats coldness in the Stomach, vomiting of clear fluids, and inability to eat. Duruo resembles ginger and grows in Lingnan and Jiannan regions, where people often consume it.
[Chongshi Can (Stone Silkworm)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: Currently, the folk use the black root of this herb. Regarding Caoshi Can (Grass Stone Silkworm), it grows on rocks in high mountains. Its roots resemble chopsticks, have hairs on top, segments look like silkworms, and leaves resemble Selaginella tamariscina (Juanbai). Mountain people soak it in wine to dispel wind and break blood stasis, treating toxic infections from streams; it can also be boiled and eaten. The *Shennong Bencao Jing* lists it under the Insect section. Additionally, there is another Chongshi Can, which was already listed in the *Shiyi* (Supplementary Records).
[Shanmu (Cedar Wood)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: Cedar leaves are fine and grow mostly among rocks. Regarding Qigu Cao (Lac Pill Herb), it is as large as a mouse footprint, grows in shady places between steps, and has a pungent and strong odor. It treats lac dermatitis; crushed and applied externally, it should be changed when heat increases. It also treats toxic stream sores. Su Gong stated: This is Shuyangquan, but Shuyangquan is a large herb, not a small one; they merely share the same name.
[Doukou (Cardamom)] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: Jimu Cao (Deer Eye Herb) is slightly cold. According to records on Jimu Cao: It originates from Lingnan, resembles the eye of a muntjac deer, and consuming it induces phlegm-cold; it has no other efficacy.
[Lidou (Pear Bean - likely referring to a plant associated with Rhabdophis snake)**] Tao Hongjing's annotation states: The "gall" of Lidou resembles pears and beans, growing in Jiangnan. The vine resembles Kudzu, and the seeds resemble soap bean pods, featuring patterns like a civet cat's head, hence the name Lidou. The *Erya* states: Lu refers to Shezi. People roast and eat it; it is also known as Hushé, with no other efficacy.
[Contraindications for Melons and Vegetables] Melons with two calyxes or two noses harm people. Bottle gourds that are purely bitter are toxic. Rainwater dripping from eaves onto vegetables is toxic. Yellow-flowered Aristolochia (Jin) harms people. Celery with red leaves harms people. Consuming the heads of wild rice (Gu) with honey causes dysentery. Raw green onions must not be eaten with white dog meat, as this causes bleeding from the nine orifices. Eating Malva verticillata (Rongkui) along with bird meat causes loss of facial luster. Eating Brassica juncea (Kui) may trigger rabies attacks. Eating Allium tuberosum var. gigantheum (Hucong) and blue fish causes intestinal parasites. Scallions (Xie) must not be eaten with beef, as this leads to abdominal masses (Zhengjia) and chronic diseases. Pregnant women eating dried ginger may cause fetal wasting. Eating raw green onions with eggs induces coughing. Eating pickled Polygonum aviculare (Liao) raw depletes Qi, causing fatigue and impotence. Eating melons frosted in the ninth lunar month will cause blood disorders to manifest in winter. One must not eat aged pickles in the third lunar month, as summer heat diseases will erupt into malignant sores. Gourds whose seedlings were trampled by cattle become bitter.