味辛，微温，有毒。主蛊毒，鬼疰，破淋结，积聚，堕胎。七月取，曝干。
陶隐居云∶葛花时取之，身黑而头赤，喻如人着玄衣赤帻，故名亭长。此一虫五变，为
疗皆
相似，二月、三月在芫花上，即呼芫青；四月、五月在王不留行上，即呼王不留行虫；六月
、七月在葛花上，即呼为葛上亭长；八月在豆花上，即呼斑蝥；九月、十月欲还地蛰，即呼
为地胆。此是伪地胆尔，为疗犹同其类。亭长，腹中有卵，白如米粒，主疗诸淋结也。唐本
注云∶今检本草及古今诸方，未见用王不留行虫者，若尔，则四虫专在一起。今地胆出豳
（音 ）州，芫青出宁州，亭长出雍州，斑蝥所在皆有，四虫出四处，其虫可一处周游四州
乎？
且芫青、斑蝥形段相似，亭长、地胆貌状大殊。豳州地胆，三月至十月，草莱上采，非地中
取。陶之所言，恐浪证之尔。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本图经云∶五月、六月葛叶上采取之，形似
芫青而苍黑色。凡用斑蝥、芫青、亭长之类，当以糯米同炒，看米色黄黑，即出，去头、足
及
图经文附芫青条下。
\r蜈蚣\pd456.bmp\r
味辛，温，有毒。主鬼疰，蛊毒，啖诸蛇、虫、鱼毒，杀鬼物老精温疟，去三虫，疗
心腹寒热结聚，堕胎，去恶血。生大吴川谷、江南。赤头、足者良。
陶隐居云∶今赤足者多出京口，长山、高丽山、茅山亦甚有，于腐烂积草处得之，勿令
伤，
曝干之。黄足者甚多，而不堪用，人多火炙令赤以当之，非真也。一名 蛆。庄周云∶ 蛆
，甘带。《淮南子》云∶腾蛇游雾，而殆于□蛆。其性能制蛇，勿见大蛇，便缘而啖其脑。
蜈
蚣亦啮人，以桑汁、白盐涂之即愈。唐本注云∶山东人呼蜘蛛，一名 蛆，亦能制蛇，而蜘
蛛条无制蛇语。庄周云 蛆，甘带。淮南云腾蛇殆于 蛆，并言蜈蚣矣。臣禹锡等谨按蜀
本图经云∶生山南谷土石间，人家屋壁中亦有。形似马陆，扁身长黑，头、足赤者良。今出
安
、襄、邓、随、唐等州，七月、八月采。日华子云∶蜈蚣，治症癖，邪魅，蛇毒，入药炙用
。
图经曰蜈蚣，生吴中川谷及江南，今江浙、山南、唐、邓间皆有之。多在土石及人家屋
壁
间，以头、足赤者为胜。七、八月取之，黄足者最多。人以火炙令赤以当之，不堪用也。其
性
能制蛇，忽见大蛇，便缘而啖其脑。陶隐居及苏恭皆以为《庄子》称 蛆，甘带。《淮南子
》云∶腾蛇殆于 蛆，并言 蛆是此蜈蚣也。而郭注《尔雅》∶蒺藜， 蛆。云∶似蝗而大
腹，长角，乃又似别种。下有马陆条，亦与蜈蚣相类，长三、四寸，斑色，其死侧卧，状如
刀环，故一名刀环虫。书传云；百足之虫，至死不僵。此虫足多，寸寸断之，亦便寸行是也
。胡洽治尸疰，恶气诸方，皆用蜈蚣。今医治初生儿口噤不开，不收乳者，用赤足蜈蚣
去足，炙，末，以猪乳二合调半钱，分三、四服，温灌之。
雷公云凡使，勿用千足虫，真似，只是头上有白肉，面并嘴尖。若误用，并把着，腥臭
气入
顶，致死。夫使蜈蚣，先以蜈蚣、木末，不然用柳 末，于土器中炒，令木末焦黑后，去水
末了，用竹刀刮去足、甲了用。千金方大治射工水弩毒。以蜈蚣大者一枚，炙为末，和苦酒
敷之，亦治口噤。子母秘录治小儿撮口病，但看舌上有疮如粟米大是也。以蜈蚣汁，刮破
指甲，研，敷两头肉，瘥。如无生者，干者亦得。抱朴子云∶末蜈蚣以治蛇疮。
衍义曰蜈蚣，背光黑绿色，足赤，腹下黄。有中其毒者，以鸟鸡屎水稠调，涂咬处，效。
大
蒜涂之，亦效。复能治丹毒瘤。蜈蚣一条干者，白矾皂子大，雷丸一个，百部二钱，秤，同
为末，醋调涂之。又畏蛞蝓，不敢过所行之路，触其身则蜈蚣死，人故取以治蜈蚣毒。桑汁
、白盐亦效。
【葛上亭长】
味辛，性微温，有毒。主治蛊毒、鬼疰（一种由邪气引起的慢性消耗性疾病），破除淋证结块，消散积聚（体内形成的包块），并能堕胎。七月采收，晒干。
陶隐居说：在葛花开放时采收这种虫，它身体黑色而头部红色，比喻像人穿着黑衣戴着红头巾，所以名叫“亭长”。这种虫子经历五次变化，其疗效都相似：二月、三月在芫花上，就称为“芫青”；四月、五月在王不留行上，就称为“王不留行虫”；六月、七月在葛花上，就称为“葛上亭长”；八月在豆花上，就称为“斑蝥”；九月、十月准备回地中冬眠时，就称为“地胆”。这是伪的地胆，但疗效仍属于同类。亭长的腹中有卵，白色如米粒，主治各种淋证结块。唐本注说：现在检查本草及古今各方，未见使用王不留行虫的记载，如果这样，那么这四种虫专在一起生活。现在地胆出产于豳州，芫青出产于宁州，亭长出产于雍州，斑蝥到处都有。四种虫出自四个地方，难道这些虫能在一个地方周游这四个州吗？况且芫青和斑蝥形状段落相似，亭长和地胆貌状大不相同。豳州的地胆，从三月到十月，是在草莱上采集的，不是从地中取出的。陶隐居所说的话，恐怕是随意论证罢了。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本图经说：五月、六月在葛叶上采取，形状像芫青而呈苍黑色。凡是使用斑蝥、芫青、亭长这类药，应当用糯米同炒，看到米色变黄黑，就取出，去掉头、足及翅膀。
【蜈蚣】
味辛，性温，有毒。主治鬼疰、蛊毒，吞噬各种蛇、虫、鱼的毒物，杀灭鬼物、老精、温疟，去除三虫（寄生虫），治疗心腹寒热结聚，堕胎，去除恶血。生长在大吴川谷、江南地区。头部和脚为红色的品质好。
陶隐居说：现在赤脚的蜈蚣多出产于京口，长山、高丽山、茅山也有很多，在腐烂堆积的草丛处得到它们，不要让它们受伤，晒干。黄脚的很多，但不能入药使用，人们多用火烤使其变红来冒充，这不是真的。一名马陆。庄周说：马陆，甘带。《淮南子》说：腾蛇乘雾飞行，却害怕马陆。它的性能克制蛇，如果看见大蛇，就攀附上去吃它的脑髓。蜈蚣也咬人，用桑汁、白盐涂抹伤口就能痊愈。唐本注说：山东人称呼蜘蛛为一名马陆，也能克制蛇，但在蜘蛛条中没有克制蛇的说法。庄周说马陆甘带，《淮南子》说腾蛇害怕马陆，都是指蜈蚣。臣禹锡等人谨按蜀本图经说：生长在南山山谷的土石间，人家屋壁中也有。形状像马陆，扁身长黑，头、脚为红色的品质好。现在出产于安、襄、邓、随、唐等州，七月、八月采收。日华子说：蜈蚣，治疗症癖（腹内结块）、邪魅、蛇毒，入药需炙用。
图经说蜈蚣，生长于吴中川谷及江南，现在江浙、山南、唐、邓之间都有。多在土石及人家屋壁间，以头、脚为红色的为佳。七月、八月采收，黄脚的最多。人们用火烤使其变红来冒充，不能入药使用。它的性能克制蛇，忽然看见大蛇，就攀附上去吃它的脑髓。陶隐居及苏恭都认为《庄子》称马陆甘带，《淮南子》说腾蛇害怕马陆，并说马陆就是这种蜈蚣。而郭璞注释《尔雅》：蒺藜，马陆。说：像蝗虫但腹部大，有长角，又像是另一种生物。下面有马陆条，也与蜈蚣相似，长三、四寸，斑色，死后侧卧，形状像刀环，所以一名刀环虫。书传说：百足之虫，至死不僵。这种虫脚多，一寸寸切断它，它也一寸寸爬行，就是这个道理。胡洽治疗尸疰、恶气各方，都用蜈蚣。现在医生治疗初生儿口噤不开，不能吸乳的，用赤足蜈蚣去掉足，炙后研末，用猪乳二合调半钱，分三、四次服，温灌下去。
雷公说：凡是用蜈蚣，不要用千足虫，真的蜈蚣很像，只是头上有白肉，面部和嘴尖。如果误用，拿着它，腥臭气进入头顶，会导致死亡。使用蜈蚣，先用蜈蚣、木屑，或者用柳屑，在土器中炒，让木屑焦黑后，去掉水末，用竹刀刮去足、甲后使用。千金方大力治疗射工水弩毒。用大的蜈蚣一枚，炙后研末，和苦酒敷在患处，也治疗口噤。子母秘录治疗小儿撮口病，只要看舌上有疮如粟米大即可。用蜈蚣汁，刮破指甲，研磨，敷在两头肉上，病愈。如果没有新鲜的，干的也可以。抱朴子说：蜈蚣末治疗蛇疮。
衍义说：蜈蚣，背光亮黑绿色，脚赤，腹下黄。有中其毒者，用鸟鸡屎用水调成稠状，涂在咬处，有效。大蒜涂之，也有效。又能治疗丹毒瘤。一条干蜈蚣，白矾如皂子大，雷丸一个，百部二钱，称重，同为末，醋调涂之。又畏蛞蝓，不敢过所行之路，触其身则蜈蚣死，人故取以治蜈蚣毒。桑汁、白盐亦效。
[Ge Shang Ting Chang]
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature, toxic. Primarily treats gu poison (poison caused by magical or parasitic means), gui zhu (a chronic wasting disease attributed to evil qi), breaks up lin syndrome nodules, dissipates accumulations (masses formed within the body), and induces abortion. Harvested in the seventh lunar month and dried in the sun.
Tao Hongjing stated: It is harvested when the kudzu flowers bloom. Its body is black with a red head, resembling a person wearing black clothes and a red cap, hence the name "Ting Chang" (Station Master). This insect undergoes five transformations, and its therapeutic effects are similar across forms: in the second and third months on Yuan Hua (Daphne genkwa) flowers, it is called "Yuan Qing"; in the fourth and fifth months on Wang Bu Liu Xing (Vaccaria seeds) plants, it is called "Wang Bu Liu Xing Chong"; in the sixth and seventh months on Kudzu flowers, it is called "Ge Shang Ting Chang"; in the eighth month on bean flowers, it is called "Ban Mao" (Mylabris); in the ninth and tenth months, preparing to hibernate underground, it is called "Di Dan". This is a fake Di Dan, but its therapeutic properties still belong to the same category. Ting Chang has eggs in its abdomen, white like rice grains, primarily treating various lin syndrome nodules. The Tang Ben Zhu annotation states: Currently, checking herbal texts and ancient and modern prescriptions, there is no record of using Wang Bu Liu Xing Chong. If so, then these four insects live exclusively together. Currently, Di Dan comes from Bin Zhou, Yuan Qing from Ning Zhou, Ting Chang from Yong Zhou, and Ban Mao is found everywhere. These four insects originate from four different places; could these insects travel among these four prefectures from one location? Moreover, Yuan Qing and Ban Mao have similar shapes and segments, while Ting Chang and Di Dan look vastly different. Di Dan from Bin Zhou is collected from grasslands from March to October, not taken from the ground. Tao's statements seem to be arbitrary assertions. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully followed the Shu Ben Tu Jing stating: Collected from kudzu leaves in May and June, resembling Yuan Qing but with a grayish-black color. When using Ban Mao, Yuan Qing, Ting Chang, etc., they should be stir-fried together with glutinous rice until the rice turns yellow-black, then removed. Remove heads, legs, and wings.
[Wugong]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature, toxic. Primarily treats gui zhu, gu poison, consumes poisons from various snakes, insects, and fish, kills ghosts, old spirits, and warm malaria, removes three parasites (intestinal worms), treats cold-heat nodular accumulations in the heart and abdomen, induces abortion, and dispels bad blood. Grows in Da Wu River Valleys and Jiangnan regions. Those with red heads and legs are of good quality.
Tao Hongjing stated: Currently, wugong with red legs mostly come from Jing Kou, and there are also many in Chang Shan, Gao Li Shan, and Mao Shan. They are found in rotting accumulated grass piles. Do not injure them; dry them in the sun. Those with yellow legs are numerous but unsuitable for use. People often roast them with fire to turn them red to pass them off as genuine, which is not true. Also known as Ma Lu. Zhuangzi said: Ma Lu is Gan Dai. Huainanzi stated: Teng She (flying snake) rides the mist but fears Ma Lu. Its nature allows it to subdue snakes; upon seeing a large snake, it climbs onto it and eats its brain. Wugong also bites humans; applying mulberry juice and white salt to the wound heals it. The Tang Ben Zhu annotation states: People in Shandong call spiders "Ma Lu," which can also subdue snakes, but the spider section lacks this statement. Zhuangzi mentioned Ma Lu is Gan Dai, and Huainanzi said Teng She fears Ma Lu, both referring to wugong. Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully followed the Shu Ben Tu Jing stating: Grows in the rocks and soil of southern mountains' valleys, and also in house walls. Resembles Ma Lu, with a flat, long black body; those with red heads and legs are of good quality. Currently produced in An, Xiang, Deng, Sui, Tang and other prefectures, harvested in July and August. Ri Hua Zi stated: Wugong treats zheng pi (abdominal masses), evil spirits, and snake venom; it must be roasted before medicinal use.
Tu Jing stated that wugong grows in Wu Zhong river valleys and Jiangnan, and is now found in Jiang Zhe, Shan Nan, Tang, and Deng areas. It is mostly found between rocks, soil, and house walls. Those with red heads and legs are superior. Harvested in July and August; yellow-legged ones are most common. People roast them with fire to turn them red to pass them off as genuine, but they are unsuitable for use. Its nature allows it to subdue snakes; upon suddenly seeing a large snake, it climbs onto it and eats its brain. Tao Hongjing and Su Gong both believed that Zhuangzi's mention of Ma Lu being Gan Dai and Huainanzi's statement that Teng She fears Ma Lu refer to this wugong. However, Guo Pu's commentary on Erya stated regarding Ji Li (Caltrop): Ma Lu. He described it as resembling a locust but with a large abdomen and long horns, appearing to be another species. Below, the Ma Lu section also resembles wugong, three to four cun long, spotted, lying on its side after death, shaped like a knife ring, hence also named Dao Huan Chong. Books state: A centipede does not stiffen even after death. This insect has many legs; if cut into inches, it still crawls inch by inch, which is what this refers to. Hu Qia used wugong in all prescriptions for treating shi zhu (corpse transmission) and evil qi. Current physicians treat newborns with trismus (lockjaw) who cannot suckle by using red-legged wugong, removing the legs, roasting, grinding into powder, mixing half a qian with two he of pig milk, dividing into three or four doses, and administering warm.
Lei Gong stated: When using wugong, do not use the thousand-legged worm. The real one looks similar, but has white flesh on the head, with a pointed face and mouth. If mistakenly used and held, the foul odor entering the head can cause death. To prepare wugong, first stir-fry it with wood dust or willow dust in an earthen vessel until the dust turns black-brown. Remove the water residue, then use a bamboo knife to scrape off the legs and shells before use. Qian Jin Fang strongly treats she gong and shui nu toxins. Use one large wugong, roast and grind into powder, mix with vinegar, and apply externally; it also treats trismus. Zi Mu Mi Lu treats pediatric cu kou disease (infant tetanus/mouth closure); check if there are sores on the tongue the size of millet grains. Apply wugong juice, scraped from broken nails, ground and applied to the fleshy ends of the lips; the disease heals. If fresh ones are unavailable, dried ones suffice. Bao Pu Zi stated: Wugong powder treats snake sores.
Yan Yi stated: Wugong has a glossy black-green back, red legs, and a yellow belly. For those poisoned by it, mix bird droppings with water to a thick consistency and apply to the bite site; it is effective. Applying garlic is also effective. It can also treat dan du liu (erysipelas tumors). One dried wugong, bai fan (alum) the size of a soap bean, one lei wan (Fritillaria cirrhosa bulb), and two qian of bai bu (Stemona root), weighed and ground together into powder, mixed with vinegar and applied. It fears slug (kuo yu) and dares not cross their path; touching its body kills the wugong, so people collect slugs to treat wugong poisoning. Mulberry juice and white salt are also effective.