\r藜芦\pd231.bmp\r
味辛、苦，寒、微寒，有毒。主蛊毒，咳逆，泄痢肠 ，头疡疥瘙恶疮，杀诸虫毒，
去死肌，疗哕逆，喉痹不通，鼻中息肉，马刀烂疮。不入汤。一名葱苒，一名葱 （音毯），
一名山葱。生泰山山谷。三月采根，阴干。（黄连为之使，反细辛、芍药、五参，恶大黄。）
陶隐居云∶近道处处有。根下极似葱而多毛。用之只剔取根，微炙之。臣禹锡等谨按蜀
本
图
经云∶叶似郁金、秦艽、 荷等，根若龙胆，茎下多毛。夏生冬凋枯。今所在山谷皆有。八
月采根，阴干。吴氏云∶藜芦，一名葱葵，一名 芦，一名蕙葵。神农、雷公；辛，有毒。
歧伯∶咸，有毒。季氏∶大毒，大寒。扁鹊∶苦，有毒。大叶，根小相连。范子曰∶藜芦出
河东，黄白者善。药性论云∶藜芦，使，有大毒。能主上气，去积年脓血，泄痢，治恶风疮
疥癣头秃，杀虫。
图经曰∶藜芦，生泰山山谷，今陕西、山南东西州郡皆有之。三月生苗。叶青，似初出
棕心
，
又似车前。茎似葱白，青紫色，高五、六寸，上有黑皮裹茎，似棕皮。其花肉红色。根似马
肠根，长四、五寸许，黄白色。二月、三月采根，阴干。此有二种∶一种水藜芦，茎叶大同
，只是生在近水溪涧石上，根须百余茎，不中入药用。今用者名葱白藜芦，
根须甚少，只是三、二十茎，生高山者为佳。均州土俗亦呼
为鹿葱。此药大吐上膈风涎，暗风痫病，小儿 ，用钱匕一字，则恶吐人。又用通顶令人
嚏，而古经本草云∶疗呕逆，其效未详。今萱草亦谓之鹿葱，其类全别。主疗亦不同耳。
雷公云∶凡采得去头，用糯米泔汁煮，从巳至未，出，晒干用之。圣惠方∶治黑痣生于
身面
上。用
藜芦灰五两，水一大碗，淋灰汁于铜器中盛，以重汤煮令如黑膏，以针微拨破痣处点之，良
。不过三遍，神验。千金翼治牙疼。纳藜芦末于牙孔中，勿咽汁，神效。经验后方∶治中风
不
语，喉中如拽锯声，口中涎沫。取藜芦一分，天南星一个，去浮皮，于脐子上陷一个坑子，
纳入陈醋二橡斗子，四面用火逼令黄色，同一处捣，再研极细，用生面为丸如赤豆大。每服
三
丸，温酒下。百一方∶治黄胆。取藜芦着灰中炮之，小变色捣为末。水服半钱匕，小吐，不
过
数服。斗门方治疥癣。用藜芦细捣为末，以生油涂敷之。简要济众∶治中风不省人事，牙关
紧
急者。藜芦一两去芦头，浓煎防风汤浴过，焙干碎切，炒微褐色，捣为末。每服半钱，温水
调下，以吐出风涎为效。如人行三里未吐，再服。
衍义曰∶藜芦，为末，细调，治马疥痒。
味辛、苦，性寒、微寒，有毒。主治蛊毒，咳嗽气逆，泄痢伴有肠中脓血，头部疮疡、疥癣及恶疮，杀灭各种虫毒，去除坏死肌肉，治疗呃逆，喉痹导致的气道不通，鼻中息肉，以及马刀烂疮（瘰疬溃烂）。不可入汤剂煎服。又名葱苒，一名葱（音毯），一名山葱。生长于泰山的山谷中。三月采集根部，阴干。（黄连作为其引经药，与细辛、芍药、五参相反，与大黄相恶。）
陶隐居说：近处道路两旁到处都有。根部极像葱但多毛。使用时只需剔除取出根部，轻微炙烤即可。臣禹锡等谨按《蜀本图经》记载：叶子像郁金、秦艽、荷等，根像龙胆，茎下多毛。夏天生长冬天凋枯。现在所在的山谷中都有。八月采集根部，阴干。吴氏说：藜芦，一名葱葵，一名蘼芦，一名蕙葵。神农、雷公认为：味辛，有毒。歧伯认为：味咸，有毒。季氏认为：大毒，大寒。扁鹊认为：味苦，有毒。叶大，根小且相连。范子说：藜芦出产于河东，黄白色的品质好。《药性论》说：藜芦，作为使药，有大毒。能主治上气，去除多年的脓血，泄痢，治疗恶风疮、疥癣、头秃，杀虫。
《图经》说：藜芦，生长在泰山山谷，现在陕西、山南东西州郡都有。三月生苗。叶青色，像初出的棕心，又像车前草。茎像葱白，青紫色，高五、六寸，上有黑皮包裹茎，像棕皮。花肉红色。根像马肠根，长四、五寸左右，黄白色。二月、三月采集根部，阴干。这有两种：一种水藜芦，茎叶大体相同，只是生长在靠近水溪涧的石头上，根须有一百多茎，不适合入药使用。现在使用的是名葱白藜芦，根须很少，只有三、二十茎，生长在高山的为佳。均州的土俗也称它为鹿葱。此药能强烈催吐上膈的风痰，治疗暗风痫病，小儿惊风，用钱匕取一字量，就会引起剧烈呕吐使人难受。又可用通顶法让人打喷嚏，而古经本草说：治疗呕逆，其疗效不详。现在的萱草也称为鹿葱，其种类完全不同。主治功效也不同。
雷公说：凡是采得后去掉芦头，用糯米泔汁煮，从巳时到未时，取出晒干使用。《圣惠方》：治疗身上面部生出黑痣。用藜芦灰五两，水一大碗，淋出灰汁盛在铜器中，隔水炖煮令其变成黑膏状，用针轻轻拨破痣处点涂，效果很好。不超过三次，神验。《千金翼》治疗牙疼。将藜芦末纳入牙孔中，不要咽下汁液，神效。《经验后方》：治疗中风不语，喉中如拉锯声，口中流涎沫。取藜芦一分，天南星一个，去掉浮皮，在脐子上挖一个坑，纳入陈醋二橡斗子，四面用火逼令变黄色，放在同一处捣碎，再研极细，用生面做成丸如赤豆大。每次服用三丸，温酒送下。《百一方》：治疗黄疸。取藜芦放在灰中炮制，稍微变色捣为末。用水送服半钱匕，轻微呕吐，不超过几服。《斗门方》治疗疥癣。用藜芦细捣为末，用生油涂抹敷之。《简要济众》：治疗中风不省人事，牙关紧急者。藜芦一两去掉芦头，浓煎防风汤浴过，焙干切碎，炒微褐色，捣为末。每次服用半钱，温水调下，以吐出风痰为有效。如果人行走三里路仍未吐出，再服用。
Lilü (Veratrum nigrum)
Pungent, bitter, cold, slightly cold, toxic. Mainly treats gu poison (parasitic disease), cough with qi rebellion, dysentery with intestinal pus and blood, head sores, scabies, and malignant ulcers; kills various insect poisons; removes dead flesh; treats hiccups; resolves throat bi (obstruction) causing airway blockage; treats nasal polyps; and treats madao lan chuang (ulcerated scrofula). Not suitable for decoction. Also known as Congran, one name is Cong (pronounced tan), another name is Shancong. Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Roots are harvested in March and dried in the shade. (Huanglian acts as its guiding herb; it is incompatible with Xixin, Shaoyao, and Wushen; and is antagonistic to Dahuang.)
Tao Hongjing stated: It is found everywhere near the roads. The root resembles green onion but is very hairy. When used, only the root should be extracted and lightly roasted. Ministers Yuxi et al. carefully noted according to the *Shu Ben Tu Jing*: The leaves resemble Yujin, Qinjiao, and He; the root resembles Longdan; the stem base is hairy. It grows in summer and withers in winter. It is now present in all valleys. Roots are harvested in August and dried in the shade. Wu Shi said: Lilü, also known as Kongkui, Milu, and Huikui. Shennong and Leigong considered it pungent and toxic. Qibo considered it salty and toxic. Ji Shi considered it highly toxic and greatly cold. Bian Que considered it bitter and toxic. The leaves are large, and the roots are small and connected. Fan Zi said: Lilü originates from Hedong; those that are yellowish-white are superior. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Lilü, when used as a guiding herb, has great toxicity. It can mainly treat upper jiao qi rebellion, remove chronic pus and blood, treat dysentery, cure wind-toxic sores, scabies, tinea capitis, and hair loss, and kill insects.
*TU JING* states: Lilü grows in the valleys of Mount Tai; it is now found in Shaanxi and the eastern and western prefectures of Shannan. Seedlings emerge in March. The leaves are green, resembling the emerging heart of a palm or plantain. The stem resembles white scallion, is bluish-purple, 5-6 cun high, wrapped in black skin resembling palm bark. The flower flesh is reddish. The root resembles a horse's intestine root, about 4-5 cun long, yellowish-white. Roots are harvested in February and March and dried in the shade. There are two types: one is Shuililu (Water Lilü), whose stems and leaves are largely similar, but it grows on rocks near streams, with over a hundred root hairs, and is not suitable for medicinal use. The currently used type is named Congbai Lilü, which has few root hairs, only 30-20 stalks, and those growing in high mountains are best. The local custom in Junzhou also calls it Luchong (Deer Onion). This medicine strongly induces vomiting of wind-phlegm from the upper jiao, treats hidden wind epilepsy, and pediatric convulsions. Using a coin spoon measure of one character will cause severe vomiting and distress. It can also be used to induce sneezing via the "tong ding" method. However, ancient materia medica texts state it treats vomiting and hiccup, but its efficacy is unclear. Today, Xuancacao (Daylily) is also called Luchong, but its category is completely different, and its main treatments differ.
Leigong said: Upon harvesting, remove the rhizome head, boil in rice washing water from Si hour to Wei hour, take out, and dry in the sun. *Shenghui Fang*: Treats black nevi on the body and face. Use five liang of Lilü ash, one large bowl of water, leach the ash juice into a copper vessel, and simmer over double boiler until it becomes a black paste. Gently prick the nevus with a needle and apply the paste; it is effective. Within three applications, it is miraculous. *Qianjin Yi* treats toothache. Insert Lilü powder into the tooth cavity; do not swallow the juice; it is miraculous. *Jingyan Houfang*: Treats stroke with aphasia, sawing sound in the throat, and salivary foam in the mouth. Take one fen of Lilü and one Tian Nan Xing, remove the floating skin, make a pit in the umbilicus, add two xiang douzi of aged vinegar, force heat from all sides until yellow, pound together in one place, grind extremely fine, and form pills like red beans using raw flour. Take three pills each time, swallowed with warm wine. *Baiyi Fang*: Treats jaundice. Place Lilü in ashes and roast until slightly discolored, then grind into powder. Take half a qianbi with water; slight vomiting occurs. Within a few doses, it works. *Doumen Fang* treats scabies and tinea. Grind Lilü into fine powder and apply with raw oil. *Jianyao Zhizhong*: Treats stroke with unconsciousness and locked jaw. Take one liang of Lilü, remove the rhizome head, bathe in strong Fengfang decoction, bake dry, chop finely, stir-fry until slightly brown, and grind into powder. Take half a qian each time, mixed with warm water; the effect is achieved when wind-phlegm is vomited. If after walking three li no vomiting occurs, administer again.
*Yanyi* states: Lilü, ground into powder and finely mixed, treats equine scabies and itching.