鱼目有睫杀人。目得开合杀人。逆鳃杀人。脑中白连珠杀人。无鳃杀人。二目
不同杀人。连鳞者杀人。白 杀人。腹下丹字杀人。鱼师大者有毒，食之杀人。
无毒。主难产。产妇戴之，亦可临时烧末酒下。出南海，如龟，长二、三尺，两目在
侧旁。
无毒。主老疟发无时者，亦名 疟，下俚人呼为妖疟。烧作灰，饮服一、二钱匕，当
微利，取头烧服弥佳。亦候发时煮为沸汤，坐中浸身。亦悬安病患卧处。生高山石下，身偏
头大，觜如鹗鸟，亦呼为鹗龟。
（己酉添加衍义）
\r 皮\pd430.bmp\r
味苦，平，无毒。主五痔，阴蚀，下血赤白五色，血汁不止，阴肿痛引腰背，酒煮杀
之。又疗腹痛疝积，亦烧为灰，酒服之。生楚山川谷田野。取无时，勿使中湿。（得酒良，
畏桔梗、麦门冬。）
陶隐居云∶田野中时有此兽，人犯近，便藏头足，毛刺人，不可得捉，能跳入虎耳中。
而见
鹊便自仰腹受啄，物有相制，不可思议尔。其脂烊铁注中，纳少水银，则柔如铅锡矣。唐本
注云∶ 极狞钝，大者如小豚，小者犹瓜大，或恶鹊声，故反腹令啄，欲掩取之，犹蚌鹬（
音聿）尔。虎耳不受鸡卵，且去地三尺， 何能跳之而入？野俗鄙说，遂为雅记，深可怪也，
今按陈藏器本草云∶ 脂主耳聋，可注耳中。皮及肉主反胃，炙黄食之。骨食之令人瘦，诸
节渐缩小。肉食之主 。臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注云∶勿用山枳鼠皮，正相似，但山枳毛端有两
岐为别。又有虎鼠皮亦相类，但以味酸为别。又有山KT 皮类兔皮，颇相似，其色褐，其
味甚
苦，亦不堪用。《图经》云∶状如 、豚。脚短多刺，尾长寸余。苍白色，取去肉火干良也
。药性论云∶ 皮，臣，味甘，有小毒。主肠风泻血，痔病有头，多年不瘥者，炙末，白饮
下方寸匕。烧末，吹，主鼻衄。甚解一切药力。孟诜云∶ ，食之肥下焦，理胃气。其脂
可煮五金八石，皮烧灰酒服治胃逆。又煮汁服止反胃。又可五味淹、炙食之。不得食骨，令
人
瘦小。日华子云∶开胃气，止血、汗，肚胀痛，疝气。脂治肠风泻血。作猪蹄者妙，鼠脚者
次。
图经曰∶ 皮，生楚山川谷田野，今在处山林中皆有之。状类 、豚，脚短多刺，尾长
寸余
，人触近便藏头足，外皆刺不可向尔。惟见鹊则反腹受啄，或云恶鹊声，故欲掩取之，犹蚌
（音聿）也。此类亦多，惟苍白色，脚似猪蹄者佳，鼠脚者次。其毛端有两歧者，名山枳鼠。
肉味酸者名虎鼠。味苦而皮褐色类兔皮者名山KT 。凡此皆不堪用，尤宜细识耳。采无时，
勿
使中湿。肉与脂皆中用，惟骨不可食，误食之，则令人瘦劣。
食疗云∶ 肉，可食。以五味汁淹、炙食之，良。不得食其骨也。其骨能瘦人，使人缩
小也
。谨按主下焦弱，理胃气。令人能食。其皮可烧灰，和酒服。及炙令黄，煮汁饮之，主
胃逆。细锉，炒令黑，入丸中治肠风，鼠奶痔，效。主肠风，痔 。可煮五金八石。与桔梗、
麦门冬反恶。又有一种，村人谓之豪猪，取其肚烧干，和肚屎用之。捣末细罗。每朝空心温
酒调二钱匕。有患水病鼓胀者，服此豪猪肚一个便消，瘥。此猪多食苦参，不理冷胀，只理
热风水胀。形状样似 鼠。圣惠方∶治鼻衄塞鼻散∶用 皮一大枚，烧末，研。用半钱，
绵裹塞鼻。外台秘要∶治五痔。 皮（方∶三指大，切）、熏黄（如枣大）、熟艾，上三味，
穿地作
坑，调和取便熏之，取口中熏黄烟气出为佳。火气稍尽即停，三日将息，更熏之，三度永瘥。
勿
犯风冷，羹 将补，慎忌鸡、猪、鱼、生冷，二十日后补之。千金翼∶治蛊毒下血。 皮烧
末，水服方寸匕，当吐蛊毒。肘后方∶治肠痔大便血，烧 皮敷之。简要济众治肠痔，下
部如虫
末，乳
头饮儿，饮服亦得。丹房镜源云∶ 皮脂伏雄黄。
衍义曰∶ 皮，取干皮兼刺用，刺作刷，治纰帛绝佳。此物兼治胃逆，开胃气有功，从
虫、
从胃有理焉。胆治鹰食病。世有养者，去而复来，久亦不去。当缩身藏足之时，人溺之，即
开
。合穿山甲等分，烧存性，治痔；入肉豆蔻一半，末之，空肚热米饮调二钱服。隐居所说，
跳入虎耳及仰腹受啄之事，《唐本》注见摈，亦当然。
鱼的眼睛有睫毛的会致人死亡。眼睛能开合的会致人死亡。鳃向后的会致人死亡。脑中有白色连珠状物的会致人死亡。没有鳃的会致人死亡。两只眼睛不同的会致人死亡。鳞片相连的会致人死亡。白色的会致人死亡。腹部有“丹”字形状的会致人死亡。鱼体较大的有毒，食用会致人死亡。
无毒。主治难产。产妇佩戴它，也可以临时烧成粉末用酒送服。产于南海，形状像龟，长二、三尺，两眼在身体两侧。
无毒。主治随时发作的老疟疾（久治不愈的疟疾），也称为瘅疟，乡下人称为妖疟。烧成灰，用水或酒服用一、二钱匕，应当轻微腹泻，将头部烧后服用效果更好。也可以在发病时煮成沸水，坐在其中浸泡身体。也可以悬挂在病人卧床的地方。生于高山岩石下，身体偏斜，头大，嘴像鹗鸟，也称为鹗龟。
（己酉年添加《嘉祐本草·衍义》内容）
皮
味苦，性平，无毒。主治五痔（五种痔疮）、阴部蚀烂、便血赤白五色、血液汁液不止、阴部肿痛牵引腰背，用酒煮杀之。又治疗腹痛疝积，也烧成灰，用酒服用。产于楚地山川田野。随时可采集，不要使其受潮。（得酒效果良好，畏桔梗、麦门冬。）
陶隐居说：田野中有时有这种兽类，人靠近它，它就藏起头和脚，毛刺人，无法捕捉，能跳入虎耳中。而见到鹊鸟就自己仰腹接受啄食，万物有相互制约的道理，不可思议啊。它的油脂熔化后注入铁水中，加入少量水银，就变得柔软如铅锡一样。唐本注说：穿山甲极其凶猛迟钝，大的像小猪，小的像瓜大，或许厌恶鹊鸟的声音，所以反过腹来让鹊鸟啄，想要趁机捕捉它，就像鹬蚌相争一样。虎耳不接受鸡卵，况且离地三尺，穿山甲怎么能跳进去呢？这是野俗鄙陋的说法，却成了雅正的记载，深可奇怪啊。现在查考陈藏器《本草》说：穿山甲的脂主治耳聋，可以滴入耳中。皮和肉主治反胃，烤黄后食用。骨头吃了使人消瘦，各个关节逐渐缩小。肉食主治……臣禹锡等谨按蜀本注说：不要用山枳鼠皮，正相似，但山枳鼠毛端有两歧作为区别。又有虎鼠皮也相似，但以味道酸作为区别。又有山KT皮类似兔皮，颇相似，颜色褐色，味道很苦，也不堪使用。《图经》说：形状像穿山甲、小猪。脚短多刺，尾巴长一寸多。苍白色，去掉肉火干效果好。药性论说：穿山甲皮，臣药，味甘，有小毒。主治肠风泻血，痔病有头，多年不愈的，烤成末，用白开水送下方寸匕。烧成末，吹入鼻中，主治鼻衄。能解一切药力。孟诜说：穿山甲，吃它能肥下焦，理胃气。其脂可以煮五金八石，皮烧成灰用酒服治疗胃逆。又煮汁服用止反胃。也可以用五味淹渍、烤着吃。不能吃骨头，使人瘦小。日华子说：开胃气，止血、汗，肚胀痛，疝气。脂治疗肠风泻血。做成猪蹄形状的好，鼠脚形状的次。图经说：穿山甲皮，产于楚地山川田野，现在各地山林中都有。形状像穿山甲、小猪，脚短多刺，尾巴长一寸多，人靠近它就藏起头脚，外面都是刺不能接近。只有见到鹊鸟才反腹受啄，或者说厌恶鹊鸟声音，所以想掩取它，就像鹬蚌一样。这类也很多，只有苍白色，脚像猪蹄的好，鼠脚的次。毛端有两歧的，名叫山枳鼠。肉味酸的叫虎鼠。味苦而皮褐色类似兔皮的叫山KT。凡这些都不堪使用，尤其应该仔细识别。采集无固定时间，不要使其受潮。肉与脂都可用，只有骨不可吃，误食了，就使人瘦弱。
食疗说：穿山甲肉，可以吃。用五味汁淹渍、烤着吃，好。不能吃它的骨头。它的骨能使人瘦，使人缩小。谨按主治下焦虚弱，理胃气。使人能食。其皮可以烧成灰，和酒服用。以及烤令黄，煮汁饮用，主治胃逆。细切，炒令黑，入丸中治疗肠风，鼠奶痔，有效。主治肠风，痔。可以煮五金八石。与桔梗、麦门冬相反恶。又有一种，村人叫做豪猪，取其肚子烧干，和肚屎一起用。捣碎细筛。每早晨空腹温酒调二钱匕。有水病鼓胀的患者，服用这个豪猪肚子一个就能消除，痊愈。这个猪多吃苦参，不理冷胀，只理热风水胀。形状样似穿山甲。圣惠方：治疗鼻衄塞鼻散：用穿山甲皮一大枚，烧成末，研细。用半钱，绵裹塞鼻。外台秘要：治疗五痔。穿山甲皮（方：三指大，切）、熏黄（如枣大）、熟艾，上三味，穿地作坑，调和取便熏之，取口中熏黄烟气出为佳。火气稍尽即停，三日将息，再熏之，三次永远痊愈。不要犯风冷，羹汤将补，慎忌鸡、猪、鱼、生冷，二十日后补之。千金翼：治疗蛊毒下血。穿山甲皮烧成末，水服方寸匕，应当吐出蛊毒。肘后方：治疗肠痔大便血，烧穿山甲皮敷之。简要济众治肠痔，下部如虫末，乳头饮儿，饮服亦得。丹房镜源说：穿山甲皮脂伏雄黄。
衍义说：穿山甲皮，取干皮兼刺用，刺作刷，治纰帛绝佳。此物兼治胃逆，开胃气有功，从虫、从胃有理焉。胆治鹰食病。世有养者，去而复来，久亦不去。当缩身藏足之时，人溺之，即开。合穿山甲等分，烧存性，治痔；入肉豆蔻一半，末之，空肚热米饮调二钱服。隐居所说，跳入虎耳及仰腹受啄之事，《唐本》注见摈，亦当然。
The eyes of fish with eyelids are lethal. Those whose eyes can open and close are lethal. Those with reversed gills are lethal. Those with white bead-like structures in the brain are lethal. Those without gills are lethal. Those with asymmetrical eyes are lethal. Those with connected scales are lethal. Those that are white are lethal. Those with a "Dan" character pattern on the belly are lethal. Large fish are toxic; consuming them is lethal.
Non-toxic. Mainly treats difficult labor (dystocia). The parturient woman wears it, or it can be burned to ash and taken with wine temporarily. Produced in the South Sea, resembling a turtle, two to three chi long, with eyes on both sides of the body.
Non-toxic. Mainly treats chronic malaria (malaria that has persisted for a long time) occurring at any time, also known as Dan Malaria (Febrile Malaria), and colloquially called Demon Malaria. Burned to ash, taken with water or wine, one or two qianbi, should cause slight diarrhea. Burning the head for consumption is even better. It can also be boiled into boiling water during an attack for sitting immersion. It can also be hung near the patient's bed. Grows under rocks in high mountains, with a slanted body, large head, and beak like an Osprey, also called Osprey Turtle.
(Added in Jiyou year from *Jiayou Bencao: Yan Yi*)
Skin
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, non-toxic. Mainly treats five types of hemorrhoids (Wu Zhi), genital erosion, bloody stool with red, white, and five colors, unceasing blood discharge, swelling and pain in the genitals radiating to the lower back. Killed by boiling in wine. Also treats abdominal pain and hernia masses. Can also be burned to ash and taken with wine. Grows in the mountains, rivers, valleys, and fields of Chu. Can be collected at any time, but must not be allowed to get damp. (Effective when combined with wine; incompatible with Platycodon Root [Jiegeng] and Ophiopogon Tuber [Maidong].)
Tao Hongjing said: This beast is sometimes found in fields. When people approach, it hides its head and feet, its spines prick humans, making it impossible to catch. It can jump into a tiger's ear. Upon seeing a magpie, it exposes its belly to be pecked. All things have mutual constraints; this is inconceivable. Its fat, when melted and poured into iron, mixed with a little mercury, becomes soft like lead-tin alloy. *Tang Ben Zhu* notes: Pangolin is extremely fierce yet dull. Large ones are like small pigs, small ones like melons. Perhaps it dislikes the sound of magpies, so it turns over to allow pecking, intending to ambush them, similar to the snipe and clam. Tiger ears do not accept chicken eggs, and since they are three chi off the ground, how can pangolins jump in? This is a vulgar folk tale that became accepted record, which is deeply strange. Now consulting Chen Cangqi's *Ben Cao*: Pangolin fat treats deafness and can be dropped into the ear. Skin and meat treat regurgitation (reverse stomach); roasted until yellow and eaten. Bones cause emaciation and shrinking of joints. Meat treats... Ministers Yu Xi et al. carefully note according to Shu Ben Zhu: Do not use the skin of the mountain acorn mouse, which looks very similar, but distinguished by bifurcated hair tips. There is also tiger mouse skin, similar but distinguished by sour taste. There is also mountain KT skin resembling rabbit skin, quite similar, brown in color, very bitter in taste, also unusable. *Tu Jing* says: Resembles pangolin and pig. Short legs with many spines, tail longer than one cun. Pale white; removing the meat and drying by fire is good. *Yao Xing Lun* states: Pangolin skin is a minister herb, sweet in taste, slightly toxic. Mainly treats intestinal wind bleeding, hemorrhoids with heads, those not healing for years. Roasted to powder, taken with plain water, one cunchi bi. Burned to ash, blown into the nose, treats epistaxis. Effectively resolves the power of all medicines. Meng Shen says: Eating pangolin fattens the lower jiao and regulates stomach qi. Its fat can smelt the five metals and eight minerals. Skin burned to ash and taken with wine treats reverse stomach. Boiled juice stops regurgitation. Can also be marinated with five flavors and roasted. Do not eat bones, as they cause emaciation. Ri Huazi says: Opens stomach qi, stops bleeding and sweating, treats abdominal distension and pain, hernia qi. Fat treats intestinal wind bleeding. Those shaped like pig trotters are best; those like rat feet are inferior. *Tu Jing* says: Pangolin skin grows in mountains, rivers, valleys, and fields of Chu; now found in forests everywhere. Resembles pangolin and pig, short spiny legs, tail over one cun long. When approached, it hides head and feet, covered in spines, dangerous to touch. Only upon seeing a magpie does it expose its belly for pecking, or perhaps it dislikes magpie sounds and tries to ambush, like the snipe and clam. There are many such types; only pale white ones with pig-like feet are good; rat-footed ones are inferior. Those with bifurcated hair tips are named Mountain Acorn Mouse. Sour-meat ones are named Tiger Mouse. Bitter-taste, brown-skin resembling rabbit ones are named Mountain KT. All these are unusable and must be carefully identified. Collection time is unrestricted, but keep dry. Meat and fat are usable; bones are not edible. Ingestion causes emaciation.
*Shi Liao* says: Pangolin meat is edible. Marinated with five flavors and roasted is good. Do not eat bones. Bones cause emaciation and shrinking. Carefully noted: Treats lower jiao weakness, regulates stomach qi. Promotes appetite. Skin burned to ash and taken with wine. Or roasted yellow, boiled juice drunk, treats reverse stomach. Finely chopped, fried black, added to pills to treat intestinal wind and rat-nipple hemorrhoids, effective. Treats intestinal wind and hemorrhoids. Can smelt five metals and eight minerals. Incompatible with Platycodon Root [Jiegeng] and Ophiopogon Tuber [Maidong]. Another variety, villagers call Hedgehog Pangolin. Take its belly, dry it, mix with feces. Pound fine and sieve. Each morning on an empty stomach, take two qianbi with warm wine. For patients with edema and tympanites, one hedgehog pangolin belly will resolve the condition. This animal eats much Sophora root, does not treat cold bloating, only treats hot wind-water tympanites. Shape resembles pangolin. *Shenghui Fang*: Treating Epistaxis Nasal Packing Powder: Use one large piece of pangolin skin, burn to ash, grind fine. Take half a qian, wrap in cotton, insert into nose. *Waitai Miyao*: Treating Five Hemorrhoids. Pangolin skin (square: three fingers wide, sliced), Fumigation Yellow (jujube-sized), Prepared Mugwort. These three ingredients, dig a pit, mix and fumigate. Best if smoke exits the mouth. Stop when fire subsides, rest for three days, fumigate again. Three times leads to permanent cure. Avoid wind-cold. When tonifying later, strictly avoid chicken, pork, fish, and raw/cold foods; tonify after twenty days. *Qianjin Yi Fang*: Treating Gu Poison Bloody Stool. Pangolin skin burned to ash, taken with water, one cunchi bi, should vomit out Gu poison. *Zhouhou Fang*: Treating Intestinal Hemorrhoids with Bloody Stool. Burn pangolin skin and apply externally. *Jianyao Jizhong* treats intestinal hemorrhoids, lower body like insect residue, nipple feeding infants, oral administration is also acceptable. *Danfang Jingyuan* states: Pangolin skin fat fixes Realgar.
*Yan Yi* says: Pangolin skin, use dried skin and spines together. Spines make excellent brushes for cleaning silk. This substance also treats reverse stomach and benefits opening stomach qi; the logic lies in its classification as an insect and its association with the stomach. Gallbladder treats hawk eating disease. Some keep them as pets; they leave and return, staying for a long time. When curling up to hide feet, human urine opens it. Mix equal parts with Pangolin, burn to retain properties, treat hemorrhoids; add half amount of Nutmeg, powder, take two qian with hot rice drink on empty stomach. Tao Hongjing's stories of jumping into tiger ears and exposing belly for pecking were rejected by *Tang Ben*, which is appropriate.